List of RNAs

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) occurs in different forms within organisms and serves many different roles. Listed here are the types of RNA, grouped by role. Abbreviations for the different types of RNA are listed and explained.

By role
RNAs involved in protein synthesis
TypeAbbr.FunctionDistributionRef.
Messenger RNAmRNACodes for proteinAll organisms
Ribosomal RNArRNATranslationAll organisms
Signal recognition particle RNA7SL RNA or SRP RNAMembrane integrationAll organisms[1]
Transfer RNAtRNATranslationAll organisms
Transfer-messenger RNAtmRNARescuing stalled ribosomesBacteria[2]
RNAs involved in post-transcriptional modification or DNA replication
TypeAbbr.FunctionDistributionRef.
Small nuclear RNAsnRNASplicing and other functionsEukaryotes and archaea[3]
Small nucleolar RNAsnoRNANucleotide modification of RNAsEukaryotes and archaea[4]
SmY RNASmYmRNA trans-splicingNematodes[5]
Small Cajal body-specific RNAscaRNAType of snoRNA; Nucleotide modification of RNAs
Guide RNAgRNAmRNA nucleotide modificationKinetoplastid mitochondria[6]
Ribonuclease PRNase PtRNA maturationAll organisms[7]
Ribonuclease MRPRNase MRPrRNA maturation, DNA replicationEukaryotes[8]
Y RNARNA processing, DNA replicationAnimals[9]
Telomerase RNA ComponentTERC Telomere synthesisMost eukaryotes[10]
Spliced Leader RNASL RNA mRNA trans-splicing, RNA processing
Regulatory RNAs
TypeAbbr.FunctionDistributionRef.
Antisense RNAaRNA, asRNATranscriptional attenuation / mRNA degradation / mRNA stabilisation / Translation blockAll organisms[11][12]
Cis-natural antisense transcriptcis-NAT Gene regulation
CRISPR RNAcrRNAResistance to parasites, by targeting their DNABacteria and archaea[13]
Long noncoding RNAlncRNARegulation of gene transcription, epigenetic regulationEukaryotes
MicroRNAmiRNAGene regulationMost eukaryotes[14]
Piwi-interacting RNApiRNATransposon defense, maybe other functionsMost animals[15][16]
Small interfering RNAsiRNAGene regulationMost eukaryotes[17]
Short hairpin RNAshRNAGene regulationMost eukaryotes[18]
Trans-acting siRNAtasiRNAGene regulationLand plants[19]
Repeat associated siRNArasiRNAType of piRNA; transposon defenseDrosophila[20]
7SK RNA7SKnegatively regulating CDK9/cyclin T complex
Enhancer RNAeRNAGene regulation[21]
Parasitic RNAs
TypeFunctionDistributionRef.
RetrotransposonSelf-propagatingEukaryotes and some bacteria[22]
Viral genomeInformation carrierDouble-stranded RNA viruses, positive-sense RNA viruses, negative-sense RNA viruses, many satellite viruses and reverse transcribing viruses
ViroidSelf-propagatingInfected plants[23]
Satellite RNASelf-propagatingInfected cells
Other RNAs
TypeAbbr.FunctionDistributionRef.
Vault RNAvRNA, vtRNAExpulsion of xenobiotics (conjectured)[24]

RNA abbreviations
Abbr.Name Family Description Ref.
ncRNAnon coding RNA -
nmRNA non messenger RNA - synonym of ncRNA
sRNA small RNA - synonym of ncRNA
smnRNA small non messenger RNA - synonym of ncRNA
tRNA transfer RNA RF00005
sRNA soluble RNA - synonym of tRNA
mRNA messenger RNA -
pcRNA protein coding RNA - synonym of mRNA
rRNA ribosomal RNA multiple families
5S rRNA 5S ribosomal RNA RF00001
5.8S rRNA 5.8S ribosomal RNA RF00002
SSU rRNA small subunit ribosomal RNA CL00111
LSU rRNA large subunit ribosomal RNA CL00112
NoRC RNA nucleolar remodeling complex associated RNA RF01518
pRNA promoter RNA RF01518 synonym of NoRC RNA
6S RNA 6S RNA RF00013
SsrS RNA RF00013 synonym of 6S RNA
aRNA antisense RNA - synonym of asRNA
asRNA antisense RNA -
asmiRNA antisense micro RNA -
cis-NAT cis-natural antisense transcript - Natural antisense transcripts transcribed from the same genomic locus as their target but from the opposite DNA strand and form perfect pairs
crRNA CRISPR RNA -
tracrRNA trans-activating crRNA -
CRISPR RNA CRISPR-Cas RNA multiple families
DD RNA DNA damage response RNA - RNA that activates DNA damage response
diRNA DSB-induced small RNAs -
dsRNA double stranded RNA -
endo-siRNA endogenous small interfering RNA -
exRNA extracellular RNA -
gRNA guide RNA -
hc-siRNA heterochromatic small interfering RNA -
hcsiRNA heterochromatic small interfering RNA - synonym of hc-siRNA
hnRNA heterogeneous nuclear RNA - synonym for pre-mRNA (in the strict sense, it may include nuclear RNA transcripts that do not end up as cytoplasmic mRNA)
RNAi RNA interference - Process in which RNA inhibit gene expression or translation, by neutralizing targeted mRNA molecules
lincRNA long intergenic non-coding RNA -
lncRNA long non coding RNA -
miRNA micro RNA multiple families
mrpRNA mitochondrial RNA processing ribonuclease - synonym of RNase MRP
nat-siRNA natural antisense short interfering RNA - synonym of natsiRNA
natsiRNA natural antisense short interfering RNA - Endogenous RNA regulators, between 21 and 24 nt in length, and are generated from complementary mRNA transcripts which are further processed into siRNA
OxyS RNA oxidative stress response RNA RF00035 Small non coding RNA which is induced in response to oxidative stress in Escherichia coli
piRNA piwi-interacting RNA multiple families Small RNAs that form RNA-protein complexes with piwi proteins in animal cells
qiRNA QDE-2 interfering RNA -
rasiRNA Repeat associated siRNA - Small RNA that is involved in the RNA interference pathway, a type of piRNA
RNase MRP mitochondrial RNA processing ribonuclease RF00030
RNase P ribonuclease P RF00010 A type of ribonuclease which cleaves RNA
scaRNA small Cajal body-specific RNA RF00553
scnRNA small-scan RNA -
scRNA small cytoplasmic RNA -
scRNA small conditional RNA -
SgrS RNA sugar transport-related sRNA RF00534 Small RNA that is activated by SgrR in Escherichia coli during glucose-phosphate stress
shRNA short hairpin RNA -
siRNA small interfering RNA -
SL RNA spliced leader RNA multiple families
SmY RNA mRNA trans-splicing RF01844 Small nuclear RNAs found in some species of nematode worms, thought to be involved in mRNA trans-splicing
snoRNA small nucleolar RNA multiple families
snRNA small nuclear RNA multiple families
snRNP small nuclear ribonucleic proteins -
SRP RNA signal recognition particle RNA CL00003
ssRNA single stranded RNA -
stRNA small temporal RNA -
tasiRNA trans-acting siRNA -
tmRNA transfer-messenger RNA RF00023 Bacterial RNA molecule with dual tRNA-like and messenger RNA-like properties
uRNA U spliceosomal RNA multiple families
vRNA vault RNA - synonym of vtRNA
vtRNA vault RNA RF00006
Xist RNA X-inactive specific transcript
Y RNA Y RNA RF00019 Components of the Ro60 ribonucleoprotein particle and necessary for DNA replication through interactions with chromatin and initiation proteins
NATs natural antisense transcripts - Natural antisense transcripts encoded within a cell that have transcript complementarity to other RNA transcripts
pre-mRNA precursor messenger RNA - Immature single strand of messenger RNA
circRNA circular RNA -
msRNA multicopy, single-stranded RNA Component of retrons [25]
cfRNA cell-free RNA

See also

References
  1. Gribaldo S, Brochier-Armanet C (2006). "The origin and evolution of Archaea: a state of the art". Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 361 (1470): 1007–22. doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1841. PMC 1578729. PMID 16754611.
  2. Gillet R, Felden B (2001). "Emerging views on tmRNA-mediated protein tagging and ribosome rescue". Molecular Microbiology. 42 (4): 879–85. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02701.x. PMID 11737633.
  3. Thore S, Mayer C, Sauter C, Weeks S, Suck D (2003). "Crystal Structures of the Pyrococcus abyssi Sm Core and Its Complex with RNA". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (2): 1239–47. doi:10.1074/jbc.M207685200. PMID 12409299.
  4. Kiss T (2001). "Small nucleolar RNA-guided post-transcriptional modification of cellular RNAs". The EMBO Journal. 20 (14): 3617–22. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.14.3617. PMC 125535. PMID 11447102.
  5. Jones TA, Otto W, Marz M, Eddy SR, Stadler PF (2009). "A survey of nematode SmY RNAs". RNA Biol. 6 (1): 5–8. doi:10.4161/rna.6.1.7634. PMID 19106623.
  6. Alfonzo JD, Thiemann O, Simpson L (1997). "The mechanism of U insertion/deletion RNA editing in kinetoplastid mitochondria". Nucleic Acids Research. 25 (19): 3751–59. doi:10.1093/nar/25.19.3751. PMC 146959. PMID 9380494.
  7. Pannucci JA, Haas ES, Hall TA, Harris JK, Brown JW (1999). "RNase P RNAs from some Archaea are catalytically active". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 96 (14): 7803–08. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.7803P. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.14.7803. PMC 22142. PMID 10393902.
  8. Woodhams MD, Stadler PF, Penny D, Collins LJ (2007). "RNase MRP and the RNA processing cascade in the eukaryotic ancestor". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 7: S13. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-S1-S13. PMC 1796607. PMID 17288571.
  9. Perreault J, Perreault JP, Boire G (2007). "Ro-associated Y RNAs in metazoans: evolution and diversification". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 24 (8): 1678–89. doi:10.1093/molbev/msm084. PMID 17470436.
  10. Lustig AJ (1999). "Crisis intervention: The role of telomerase". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 96 (7): 3339–41. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.3339L. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.7.3339. PMC 34270. PMID 10097039.
  11. Brantl S (2002). "Antisense-RNA regulation and RNA interference". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression. 1575 (1–3): 15–25. doi:10.1016/S0167-4781(02)00280-4. PMID 12020814.
  12. Brantl S (2007). "Regulatory mechanisms employed by cis-encoded antisense RNAs". Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 10 (2): 102–9. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2007.03.012. PMID 17387036.
  13. Brouns SJ, Jore MM, Lundgren M, et al. (August 2008). "Small CRISPR RNAs guide antiviral defense in prokaryotes". Science. 321 (5891): 960–4. Bibcode:2008Sci...321..960B. doi:10.1126/science.1159689. PMC 5898235. PMID 18703739.
  14. Lin SL, Miller JD, Ying SY (2006). "Intronic microRNA (miRNA)". Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology. 2006 (4): 1–13. doi:10.1155/JBB/2006/26818. PMC 1559912. PMID 17057362.
  15. Horwich MD, Li C, Matranga C, Vagin V, Farley G, Wang P, Zamore PD (2007). "The Drosophila RNA methyltransferase, DmHen1, modifies germline piRNAs and single-stranded siRNAs in RISC". Current Biology. 17 (14): 1265–72. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.06.030. PMID 17604629.
  16. Ghildiyal M, Zamore PD (February 2009). "Small silencing RNAs: an expanding universe". Nat. Rev. Genet. 10 (2): 94–108. doi:10.1038/nrg2504. PMC 2724769. PMID 19148191.
  17. Ahmad K, Henikoff S (2002). "Epigenetic consequences of nucleosome dynamics". Cell. 111 (3): 281–84. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(02)01081-4. PMID 12419239.
  18. Ahmad K, Henikoff S (2002). "Epigenetic consequences of nucleosome dynamics". Cell. 111 (3): 281–84. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(02)01081-4. PMID 12419239.
  19. Vazquez F, Vaucheret H (2004). "Endogenous trans-acting siRNAs regulate the accumulation of Arabidopsis mRNAs". Mol. Cell. 16 (1): 69–79. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2004.09.028. PMID 15469823.
  20. Desset S, Buchon N, Meignin C, Coiffet M, Vaury C (2008). Volff J (ed.). "In Drosophila melanogaster the COM locus directs the somatic silencing of two retrotransposons through both Piwi-dependent and -independent pathways". PLOS ONE. 3 (2): e1526. Bibcode:2008PLoSO...3.1526D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001526. PMC 2211404. PMID 18253480.
  21. Li, Wenbo; Notani, Dimple; Rosenfeld, Michael G. (2016-03-07). "Enhancers as non-coding RNA transcription units: recent insights and future perspectives". Nature Reviews. Genetics. Springer Nature. 17 (4): 207–223. doi:10.1038/nrg.2016.4. ISSN 1471-0056. PMID 26948815.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  22. Boeke JD (2003). "The unusual phylogenetic distribution of retrotransposons: a hypothesis". Genome Research. 13 (9): 1975–83. doi:10.1101/gr.1392003. PMID 12952870.
  23. Flores R, Hernández C, Martínez de Alba AE, Daròs JA, Di Serio F (2005). "Viroids and viroid-host interactions". Annual Review of Phytopathology. 43: 117–39. doi:10.1146/annurev.phyto.43.040204.140243. PMID 16078879.
  24. Gopinath SC, Matsugami A, Katahira M, Kumar PK (2005). "Human vault-associated non-coding RNAs bind to mitoxantrone, a chemotherapeutic compound". Nucleic Acids Res. 33 (15): 4874–81. doi:10.1093/nar/gki809. PMC 1201340. PMID 16150923.
  25. Simon, Dawn M.; Zimmerly, Steven (2008-11-12). "A diversity of uncharacterized reverse transcriptases in bacteria". Nucleic Acids Research. 36 (22): 7219–7229. doi:10.1093/nar/gkn867. ISSN 1362-4962. PMC 2602772. PMID 19004871.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.