List of Roman dynasties

This is a list of the dynasties that ruled the Roman Empire and its two succeeding counterparts, the Western Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire). Dynasties of states that had claimed legal succession from the Roman Empire are not included in this list.

List of Roman dynasties
Dynasty Period of rule Rulers[lower-alpha 1]
Start End Term First to rule Last to rule List / Family tree
Dynasties of the Principate
Julio–Claudian dynasty 27 BCE[1] 68 CE[1] 95 years Augustus Nero (list)
(tree)
Flavian dynasty 69 CE[1] 96 CE[1] 27 years Vespasian Domitian (list)
(tree)
Nerva–Antonine dynasty[lower-alpha 2] 96 CE[2] 192 CE[2] 96 years Nerva Commodus (list)
(tree)
Severan dynasty 193 CE[3] 235 CE[3] 41 years[lower-alpha 3] Septimius Severus Severus Alexander (list)
(tree)
Gordian dynasty 238 CE[4] 244 CE[4] 6 years Gordian I Gordian III (list)
(tree)
Decian dynasty 249 CE 251 CE 2 years Decius Hostilian (list)
Valerian dynasty 253 CE 268 CE 15 years Valerian Gallienus (list)
Caran dynasty 282 CE 285 CE 3 years Carus Carinus (list)
Dynasties of the Dominate
Constantinian dynasty[lower-alpha 4] 305 CE[5] 363 CE[5] 58 years Constantius Chlorus
(Western)
Constantine I
(Eastern)		 Julian
(Western & Eastern)		 (list)
(tree)
Valentinianic dynasty 364 CE[6] 392 CE[6] 28 years Valentinian I
(Western & Eastern)		 Valens
(Eastern)
Valentinian II
(Western)		 (list)
(tree)
Theodosian dynasty 379 CE[7] 457 CE[7] 78 years Theodosius I
(Western & Eastern)		 Valentinian III
(Western)
Marcian
(Eastern)		 (list W) / (list E)
(tree)
Eastern (Byzantine) dynasties
Leonid dynasty 457 CE[8] 518 CE[8] 61 years Leo I Anastasius I (list)
(tree)
Justinian dynasty 518 CE[9] 602 CE[9] 84 years Justin I Maurice
and
Theodosius[lower-alpha 5]		 (list)
(tree)
Heraclian dynasty 610 CE[10] 711 CE[10] 91 years[lower-alpha 6] Heraclius Justinian II
and
Tiberius[lower-alpha 7]		 (list)
(tree)
Isaurian dynasty[lower-alpha 8] 717 CE[11] 802 CE[11] 85 years Leo III Irene of Athens (list)
(tree)
Nikephorian dynasty 802 CE 813 CE 11 years Nikephoros I Michael I Rangabe
and
Theophylact[lower-alpha 9]		 (list)
(tree)
Amorian dynasty[lower-alpha 10] 820 CE[12] 867 CE[12] 47 years Michael II Michael III (list)
(tree)
Macedonian dynasty 867 CE[12] 1056 CE[12] 189 years Basil I Theodora Porphyrogenita (list)
(tree)
Komnenid dynasty[lower-alpha 11] 1057 CE[13] 1185 CE[13] 106 years[lower-alpha 12] Isaac I Komnenos Andronikos I Komnenos
and
John Komnenos[lower-alpha 13]		 (list)
(tree)
Doukid dynasty 1059 CE[14] 1078 CE[14] 19 years Constantine X Doukas Michael VII Doukas (list)
(tree)
Angelid dynasty 1185 CE[15] 1204 CE[15] 19 years Isaac II Angelos Alexios V Doukas (list)
(tree)
Laskarid dynasty[lower-alpha 14] 1204 CE 1261 CE 57 years Theodore I Laskaris John IV Laskaris (list)
(tree)
Palaiologan dynasty 1259 CE[16] 1453 CE[16] 194 years Michael VIII Palaiologos Constantine XI Palaiologos (list)
(tree)

Graphical representation
Palaiologan dynastyLaskarid dynastyAngelid dynastyKomnenid dynastyDoukid dynastyKomnenid dynastyMacedonian dynastyLeonid dynastyTheodosian dynastyValentinianic dynastyConstantinian dynastyGordian dynastySeveran dynastyNerva–Antonine dynastyFlavian dynastyJulio-Claudian dynasty

See also

Notes
  1. As adoption was widely practiced by the upper classes, some Roman monarchs were not directly biologically related to their predecessors despite belonging to the same dynasty. For example, the second emperor of the Julio–Claudian dynasty, Tiberius, was in fact an adopted son of the dynastic founder, Augustus.
  2. The Nerva–Antonine dynasty is sometimes subdivided into the Nerva–Trajan dynasty and the Antonine dynasty.
  3. The rule of the Severan dynasty was interrupted between 217 CE and 218 CE. Caracalla was the last ruler before the interregnum. Elagabalus was the first ruler after the interregnum.
  4. The Constantinian dynasty is also known as the "Neo-Flavian dynasty".
  5. Maurice and Theodosius reigned as co-rulers.
  6. The rule of the Heraclian dynasty was interrupted between 695 CE and 705 CE. Justinian II was both the last ruler before the interregnum and the first ruler after the interregnum.
  7. Justinian II and Tiberius reigned as co-rulers.
  8. The Isaurian dynasty is also known as the "Syrian dynasty".
  9. Michael I Rangabe and Theophylact reigned as co-rulers.
  10. The Amorian dynasty is also known as the "Phrygian dynasty".
  11. The Komnenid dynasty ruled the Empire of Trebizond between 1204 CE and 1461 CE.
  12. The rule of the Komnenid dynasty was interrupted between 1059 CE and 1081 CE. Isaac I Komnenos was the last ruler before the interregnum. Alexios I Komnenos was the first ruler after the interregnum.
  13. Andronikos I Komnenos and John Komnenos reigned as co-rulers.
  14. The Laskarid dynasty of the Empire of Nicaea during the Fourth Crusade is considered as the legitimate continuation of the Roman Empire.

References
  1. Kidner, Frank; Bucur, Maria; Mathisen, Ralph; McKee, Sally; Weeks, Theodore (2013). Making Europe: The Story of the West. p. 161. ISBN 978-1111841317.
  2. D'Amato, Raffaele; Frediani, Andrea (2019). Strasbourg AD 357: The victory that saved Gaul. p. 8. ISBN 9781472833969.
  3. Ermatinger, James (2018). The Roman Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia. p. 233. ISBN 9781440838095.
  4. Fomenko, Anatoly (2005). History: Fiction Or Science?. p. 171. ISBN 9782913621060.
  5. Cowell, Frank (1961). Everyday Life in Ancient Rome. p. 199.
  6. Christ, Karl (1984). The Romans: An Introduction to Their History and Civilisation. p. 184. ISBN 9780520045668.
  7. Grig, Lucy; Kelly, Gavin (2015). Two Romes: Rome and Constantinople in Late Antiquity. p. 186. ISBN 9780190241087.
  8. Maas, Michael (2015). The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Attila. p. 106. ISBN 9781107021754.
  9. Konstam, Angus (2015). Byzantine Warship vs Arab Warship: 7th–11th centuries. p. 18. ISBN 9781472807588.
  10. Flichy, Thomas (2012). Financial Crises and Renewal of Empires. p. 30. ISBN 9781291097337.
  11. LePree, James; Djukic, Ljudmila (2019). The Byzantine Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia. p. 209. ISBN 9781440851476.
  12. Tougher, Shaun (2009). The Eunuch in Byzantine History and Society. p. 55. ISBN 9781135235710.
  13. Walker, Alicia (2012). The Emperor and the World: Exotic Elements and the Imaging of Middle Byzantine Imperial Power, Ninth to Thirteenth Centuries C.E. p. 11. ISBN 9781107004771.
  14. Stacton, David (1965). The World on the Last Day: The Sack of Constantinople by the Turks, May 29, 1453: Its Causes and Consequences. p. 276.
  15. LePree & Djukic (2019). p. 305.
  16. Woodfin, Warren (2012). The Embodied Icon: Liturgical Vestments and Sacramental Power in Byzantium. p. xxv. ISBN 9780199592098.
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