List of currencies in the Americas

There are 39 currencies currently in official use in the Americas. All de jure present currencies in the Americas are listed here, including currencies from countries which are not sovereign states or dependencies.

A commonly used currency in the Americas is the United States dollar.[1] It is the world's largest reserve currency,[2] the resulting economic value of which benefits the U.S. at over $100 billion annually.[3] However, its position as a reserve currency damages American exporters because this increases the value of the United States dollar.[4][5] The United States dollar is also "standard" in international commodity markets.[1] In the phenomenon known as 'dollarization', the U.S. dollar has been adopted as the official currency of several other countries.[6] However, semi-dollarization also exists in a few other countries where the U.S. dollar is recognised as legal tender alongside another currency, and unofficial dollarization exists in many areas where the U.S. dollar is widely used and accepted-although it is not recognised as legal tender.[6] Ecuador uses the United States dollar[7] (the French overseas department French Guiana uses the euro, the currency of France).

The Brazilian real is considered a strong South American currency; under presidents Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Dilma Rousseff, the real almost tripled in value, resulting in a vast change in economics, with many people who were middle class benefiting greatly.[8] The minimum wage was raised, and Brazil's position as a leading exporter of raw materials, including soya beans and iron ore was underlined, but they are responsible for Brazil's improved economy, which damaged the "competitiveness of manufacturing",[8] reducing the amount of exports.[9]

The Chilean currency, the Chilean peso, is also strong.[10] However, this again means that manufacturing struggles, as cheaper imports are pricing them out of business.[10] In January 2011, after Chile announced that in 2011 the country planned to buy foreign reserves of $12 billion, the peso experienced an immediate fall in value.[10] The country's main export is copper to China and India.[10] The currency strength has resulted in over-high wages, and high inflation.[10]

The East Caribbean dollar is the most used currency by the number of countries in the Caribbean utilizing it. The East Caribbean dollar is pegged to the United States dollar, and has been for over 35 years since 1976,[11] having previously been pegged to the pound sterling.[11] In 1965, the East Caribbean Currency Authority was established (coming after the British Caribbean Currency Board), to distribute currency, but The Bahamas withdrew from the organisation to create its own bank.[12] The East Caribbean dollar is used in all seven member countries of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) and Anguilla (a British overseas territory); the only OECS member using a different currency is the British Virgin Islands,[13] a British overseas territory where the U.S. dollar is the official currency.[14][15] Cuba and Panama both use two currencies. Cuba is attempting to gradually phase out the Cuban convertible peso, unifying the two in the Cuban peso.[16] Although there is no confirmed timescale for the reform, whilst quoting Cuban economists, Reuters gave an estimation of 18 months (from October 2013).[16] Panama uses the United States dollar informally,[17] but additionally uses the Panamanian balboa as legal tender.[18]

American sovereign state currencies

List of all American sovereign state currencies
Present currency Country or dependency (administrating country) Currency sign Fractional unit Ref(s)
Aruban florin  Aruba (Netherlands) ƒ Cent [19]
[20]
[21]
Argentine peso  Argentina $ Centavo [22]
[23]
Bahamian dollar  The Bahamas $ Cent [24]
Barbadian dollar (also called Bajan dollar)  Barbados $ Cent [25]
[26]
Bermudian dollar  Bermuda (United Kingdom) $ Cent [27]
Belize dollar  Belize $ Cent [28]
[29]
Bolivian boliviano  Bolivia Bs Centavo [30]
[31]
Brazilian real  Brazil R$ Centavo ,[32]
[33]
[34]
Canadian dollar  Canada CA$ Cent [35]
[36]
Cayman Islands dollar  Cayman Islands (United Kingdom) $ Cent [37]
Chilean peso  Chile $ Centavo [38]
[39]
Colombian peso  Colombia $ Centavo [40]
[41]
Costa Rican colón  Costa Rica Céntimo [42]
[43]
Cuban convertible peso  Cuba $ Centavo [44]
[45]
[46]
Cuban peso  Cuba CUC$ Cent [47]
Danish krone  Greenland (Denmark) kr Øre [48]
Dominican peso  Dominican Republic RD$ Centavo [49]
[50]
East Caribbean dollar  Antigua and Barbuda $ Cent [51]
 Dominica [51]
 Grenada [52]
 Montserrat (United Kingdom) [51]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines [51]
 Saint Kitts and Nevis [53]
 Saint Lucia [54]
Euro  French Guiana (France) Cent [55]
 Guadeloupe (France) [56]
 Martinique (France) [56]
 Saint Martin (France) [56]
Falkland Islands pound  Falkland Islands (United Kingdom) £ Pence [57]
[58]
Guatemalan quetzal  Guatemala Q Centavo [59]
[60]
Guyanese dollar  Guyana $, G$ Cent [61]
[62]
Haitian gourde  Haiti G Centime [63]
[64]
Honduran lempira  Honduras L Centavo [65]
[66]
Jamaican dollar  Jamaica J$ Cent [67]
[68]
Mexican peso  Mexico $ Centavo [69]
[70]
Netherlands Antillean guilder  Curaçao (Netherlands) ƒ Cent [71]
[72]
[73]
 Sint Maarten (Netherlands) [56]
Nicaraguan córdoba  Nicaragua C$ Centavo [74]
[75]
Panamanian balboa  Panama B/. Centésimo [18]
[76]
Paraguayan guaraní  Paraguay Céntimo [77]
Peruvian nuevo sol  Peru S/. Céntimo [78]
[79]
Surinamese dollar  Suriname $ Cent [80]
[81]
Trinidad and Tobago dollar  Trinidad and Tobago TT$ Cent [82]
[83]
United Kingdom pound  South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (United Kingdom) £ Pence [84]
United States dollar  Bonaire (Netherlands) $ Cent [85]
[86]
[87]
 British Virgin Islands (United Kingdom) [85]
 Ecuador [85]
 El Salvador [85]
 Panama [85]
 Puerto Rico (United States) [85]
 Saba (Netherlands) [88]
 Sint Eustatius (Netherlands) [89]
 Turks and Caicos Islands (United Kingdom) [90]
 United States [85]
 United States Virgin Islands (United States) [85]
Uruguayan peso  Uruguay $U Centésimo [91]
[92]
Venezuelan bolívar  Venezuela Bs. Céntimo [93]
[94]

See also

Notes

    References

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    2. Conerly, Bill (25 October 2013). "Future Of The Dollar As World Reserve Currency". Forbes. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
    3. Rogoff, Kenneth (October 2013). "America's Endless Budget Battle". Project Syndicate.
    4. "America's 'Exorbitant' Privilege Will Continue". Retrieved 3 September 2013.
    5. "The rise and fall of the dollar Go with the flows". The Economist. 22 January 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
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    7. "Currency in South America". Contiki. 28 December 2013. Retrieved 5 January 2014.
    8. Chetwynd, Gareth (29 August 2011). "Brazil's strong currency benefits consumers but punishes businesses". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
    9. Inman, Phillip (25 July 2013). "Brazil's real economic crisis lies in its overvalued currency". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
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    49. "DOP - Dominican Peso". Xe. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
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    51. "XCD - East Caribbean Dollar". Xe. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
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    57. "FKP - Falkland Island Pound". Xe. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
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    59. "GTQ - Guatemalan Quetzal". Xe. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
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    61. "GYD - Guyanese Dollar". Xe. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
    62. "Guyanese Dollar". Oanda. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
    63. "HTG - Haitian Gourde". Xe. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
    64. "Haiti Gourde". CurrencyConverter.co.uk. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
    65. "HNL - Honduran Lempira". Xe. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
    66. "Honduran Lempira". Oanda. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
    67. "JMD - Jamaican Dolla". Xe. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
    68. "Jamaican Dollar". Oanda. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
    69. "MXN - Mexican Peso". Xe Mexico. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
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    74. "NIO - Nicaraguan Cordoba". Xe. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
    75. "Nicaraguan Cordoba Oro". Oanda. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
    76. "PAB - Panamanian Balboa". Xe. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
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    78. "PEN - Peruvian Nuevo Sol". Xe. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
    79. "Peru". International Economics. Archived from the original on May 22, 2013. Retrieved 5 January 2014.
    80. "SRD - Surinamese Dollar". Xe. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
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    82. "TTD - Trinidadian Dollar". Xe. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
    83. "Trinidad/Tobago Dollar". Oanda. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
    84. "The island". South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands. Archived from the original on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
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    86. "Money and Currency". Info Bonaire. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
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    88. "General info". Saba Tourism. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
    89. "Essential Facts". Sint Eustatius. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
    90. "Quick Facts". Turks and Caicos Islands. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
    91. "UYU - Uruguayan Peso". Xe. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
    92. "Uruguayan Peso". Oanda. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
    93. "VEF - Venezuelan Bolivar". Xe. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
    94. "Venezuelan Bolivar". Oanda. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
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