List of dukes in the peerages of Britain and Ireland

This is a list of the 31 present and extant dukes in the peerages of the Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Scotland, Kingdom of Great Britain, Kingdom of Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 1927 and after. For a more complete historical listing, including extinct, dormant, abeyant, forfeit dukedoms in addition to these extant ones, see List of dukedoms in the peerages of Britain and Ireland.

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In the Peerage of England, the title of Duke was created 74 times (using 40 different titles: the rest were recreations). Twice a woman was created a Duchess in her own right (but only for life); in addition, the Dukedom of Marlborough was once inherited by a woman, the 2nd Duchess of Marlborough, through a special remainder. Out of the 74 times, 37 titles are now extinct (including the two women's), 16 titles were forfeit or surrendered, 10 were merged with the Crown, and 11 are extant (see list below). The first, Cornwall, is a title that automatically goes to the heir apparent (if and only if he is also the eldest living son of the Sovereign). One of the duchies that was merged into the Crown, Lancaster, still provides income to the Sovereign. All but three of the non-royal ducal titles which became extinct did so before the 20th century (the Duke of Leeds became extinct in 1964, the Duke of Newcastle in 1988, and the Duke of Portland in 1990). The last English dukedom to be forfeit became so in 1715. The last British dukedom to become extinct was the title of Duke of Portland in 1990.[1]

The oldest six titles – created between 1337 and 1386 – were Duke of Cornwall (1337), Duke of Lancaster (1351), Duke of Clarence (1362), Duke of York (1385), Duke of Gloucester (1385), and Duke of Ireland (1386). The Duke of Ireland was a title used for only two years and is somewhat confusing since only a small portion of Ireland was really under the control of England in 1386; it is not to be confused with the dukedoms of the Peerage of Ireland. Clarence has not been used since 1478, when George (the brother of Edward IV) was executed for treason. (However Clarence has since been used as half of a double title, most recently until 1892 when Victoria's grandson (and son of the Prince of Wales), the Duke of Clarence and Avondale, died at the age of 28). The titles of Duke of York and the Duke of Gloucester have both become extinct more than once and been re-created as titles within the Peerage of the United Kingdom. Both titles are reserved for princes (and their descendants). The Duke of Lancaster has merged with the Crown and so is held by the monarch.

Besides the dukedoms of Cornwall and Lancaster, the oldest extant title is that of Duke of Norfolk, dating from 1483 (the title was first created in 1397). The Duke of Norfolk is considered the Premier Duke of England. The Premier Duke of Scotland is the Duke of Hamilton and Brandon. The Premier Duke of Ireland is the Duke of Leinster.[2]

Order of precedence

Heraldic representation of the Coronet of a British Duke.

The general order of precedence among dukes is:

  1. Dukes in the Peerage of England, in order of creation
  2. Dukes in the Peerage of Scotland, in order of creation
  3. Dukes in the Peerage of Great Britain, in order of creation
  4. Dukes in the Peerage of Ireland created before 1801, in order of creation
  5. Dukes in the Peerage of the United Kingdom and Dukes in the Peerage of Ireland created after 1801, in order of creation

Whilst the general order of precedence is set according to the age of the peerage, the sovereign's Grace may accord any peer higher precedence than his date of creation would warrant. The royal dukes are Dukes of the United Kingdom, but rank higher in the order of precedence than the age of their titles warrants, due to their close relationship to the monarch. The Prince of Wales holds precedence above all dukes, royal and non-royal, and is the Duke of Cornwall and of Rothesay.

Dukes in the peerages of Britain and Ireland

# Title Creation Arms Current holder Age Acceded Peerage Notes
1.The Duke of Cornwall1337 [Notes 1]The Prince Charles, 24th Duke of Cornwall 721952EnglandAlso Duke of Rothesay in the Peerage of Scotland 1398 – see below
2.The Duke of Norfolk1483Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk 642002EnglandHereditary Earl Marshal of England, responsible for royal ceremony.
3.The Duke of Somerset1547John Seymour, 19th Duke of Somerset 681984England
4.The Duke of Richmond1675Charles Gordon-Lennox, 11th Duke of Richmond 662017EnglandAlso Duke of Lennox in the Peerage of Scotland (1675) – see below
5.The Duke of Grafton1675Henry FitzRoy, 12th Duke of Grafton 422011England
6.The Duke of Beaufort1682Henry Somerset, 12th Duke of Beaufort 682017England
7.The Duke of St Albans1684Murray Beauclerk, 14th Duke of St Albans 821988England
8.The Duke of Bedford1694Andrew Russell, 15th Duke of Bedford 582003England
9.The Duke of Devonshire1694Peregrine Cavendish, 12th Duke of Devonshire 762004England
10.The Duke of Marlborough1702Jamie Spencer-Churchill, 12th Duke of Marlborough 652014England
11.The Duke of Rutland1703David Manners, 11th Duke of Rutland 611999England
The Duke of Rothesay1398 [Notes 1]The Prince Charles, 23rd Duke of Rothesay 721952ScotlandAlso Duke of Cornwall in the Peerage of England (1337) – see above
12.The Duke of Hamilton1643Alexander Douglas-Hamilton, 16th Duke of Hamilton 422010ScotlandAlso Duke of Brandon in the Peerage of Great Britain (1711) – see below
13.The Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry1663 / 1684Richard Scott, 10th Duke of Buccleuch 662007Scotland
The Duke of Lennox1675Charles Gordon-Lennox, 11th Duke of Lennox 662017ScotlandAlso Duke of Richmond in the Peerage of England (1675) – see above
14.The Duke of Argyll1701Torquhil Campbell, 13th Duke of Argyll 522001ScotlandAlso Duke of Argyll in the Peerage of the United Kingdom (1892) – see below
15.The Duke of Atholl1703Bruce Murray, 12th Duke of Atholl 602012Scotland
16.The Duke of Montrose1707James Graham, 8th Duke of Montrose 851992Scotland
17.The Duke of Roxburghe1707Charles Innes-Ker, 11th Duke of Roxburghe 392019Scotland
The Duke of Brandon1711Alexander Douglas-Hamilton, 13th Duke of Brandon 422010Great BritainAlso Duke of Hamilton in the Peerage of Scotland (1643) – see above
18.The Duke of Manchester1719Alexander Montagu, 13th Duke of Manchester 582002Great Britain
19.The Duke of Northumberland1766Ralph Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland 641995Great Britain
20.The Duke of Leinster1766Maurice FitzGerald, 9th Duke of Leinster 722004Ireland
21.The Duke of Wellington1814Charles Wellesley, 9th Duke of Wellington 752014United Kingdom
22.The Duke of Sutherland1833Francis Egerton, 7th Duke of Sutherland 802000United Kingdom
23.The Duke of Abercorn1868 [Notes 2]James Hamilton, 5th Duke of Abercorn 861979Ireland
24.The Duke of Westminster1874Hugh Grosvenor, 7th Duke of Westminster 302016United Kingdom
The Duke of Gordon1876Charles Gordon-Lennox, 6th Duke of Gordon 662017United KingdomAlso Duke of Richmond in the Peerage of England (1675) and Duke of Lennox in the Peerage of Scotland(1675) - see above
The Duke of Argyll1892Torquhil Campbell, 6th Duke of Argyll 522001United KingdomAlso Duke of Argyll in the Peerage of Scotland (1701) – see above
25.The Duke of Fife1900David Carnegie, 4th Duke of Fife 592015United Kingdom
26.The Duke of Gloucester1928Prince Richard, 2nd Duke of Gloucester [Notes 3] 761974United Kingdom
27.The Duke of Kent1934Prince Edward, 2nd Duke of Kent [Notes 3] 851942United Kingdom
28.The Duke of Edinburgh1947The Prince Philip, 1st Duke of Edinburgh [Notes 3] 991947United Kingdom
29.The Duke of York1986The Prince Andrew, 1st Duke of York [Notes 3] 601986United Kingdom
30.The Duke of Cambridge2011Prince William, 1st Duke of Cambridge [Notes 3] 382011United Kingdom
31.The Duke of Sussex2018Prince Harry, 1st Duke of Sussex [Notes 3] 362018United Kingdom

List of heirs of dukes in the peerages of the British Isles

Heirs apparent

HeirDukedomRelationshipNotes
Royal dukedoms
Earl of Ulster Gloucester Only son
Earl of St Andrews Kent Elder son
The Prince of Wales Edinburgh Eldest son Not styled Earl of Merioneth
Prince George of Cambridge Cambridge Elder son Not styled Earl of Strathearn
Archie Mountbatten-Windsor Sussex Only son Not styled Earl of Dumbarton
Peerage of England
Earl of Arundel Norfolk Eldest son
Lord Seymour Somerset Eldest son
Earl of March and Kinrara Richmond Eldest son
Earl of Euston Grafton Eldest son
Marquess of Worcester Beaufort Eldest son
Earl of Burford St Albans Only son
Marquess of Tavistock Bedford Only son
Earl of Burlington Devonshire Only son Does not use Marquess of Hartington
Marquess of Blandford Marlborough Eldest son
Marquess of Granby Rutland Eldest son
Peerage of Scotland
Marquess of Douglas and Clydesdale Hamilton Eldest son
Earl of Dalkeith Buccleuch Eldest son
Earl of March and Kinrara Lennox Eldest son See Duke of Richmond
Earl of Dalkeith Queensberry Eldest son See Duke of Buccleuch
Marquess of Lorne Argyll Eldest son
Marquess of Tullibardine Atholl Eldest son
Marquess of Graham Montrose Eldest son
Peerage of Great Britain
Marquess of Douglas and Clydesdale Brandon Eldest son See Duke of Hamilton
Viscount Mandeville Manchester Eldest son Title Disputed
Earl Percy Northumberland Eldest son
Peerage of the United Kingdom
Earl of Mornington Wellington Eldest son Does not use Marquess of Douro
Marquess of Stafford Sutherland Elder son
Marquess of Hamilton Abercorn Eldest son
Earl of March and Kinrara Gordon Eldest son See Duke of Richmond
Earl of Southesk Fife Eldest son

Heirs presumptive

HeirDukedomRelationshipNotes
Peerage of Scotland
Lord Edward Innes-Ker Roxburghe Younger brother
Peerage of Great Britain
Lord Kimble Montagu Manchester Younger brother Title disputed
Peerage of Ireland
Edward FitzGerald Leinster Nephew

Dukes without heirs

DukeNotes
Royal dukedoms
Duke of York Currently divorced with issue but no sons
Peerage of the United Kingdom
Duke of Westminster Single
The Earl of Wilton is the heir presumptive to his Marquessate of Westminster.

See also

Notes

  1. As the eldest son of the Sovereign, the Duke of Cornwall and Rothesay ranks higher in precedence than he would by virtue of the seniority of his dukedoms alone.
  2. The Dukedom of Abercorn was created after the Acts of Union 1800. It takes precedence after earlier Dukedoms of the United Kingdom.
  3. As members of the Royal Family, these dukes rank higher in precedence than they would by virtue of the seniority of their dukedoms alone.

References

  1. "Debretts". n.d. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
  2. "Debretts". n.d. Retrieved 9 March 2015.

Sources

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