List of dukedoms in the peerages of Britain and Ireland

This page lists all dukedoms, extant, extinct, dormant, abeyant, or forfeit, in the peerages of England, Scotland, Great Britain, Ireland and the United Kingdom.

George Henry Fitzroy in his robes as Duke of Grafton
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Introduction of dukedoms into England

Edward III of England created the first three dukedoms of England (Cornwall, Lancaster, and Clarence). His eldest son Edward, the Black Prince, was created Duke of Cornwall, the first English Duke, in 1337. Two weeks after the Prince's death the dukedom was recreated for his 9-year-old son Richard of Bordeaux, who would eventually succeed his grandfather as Richard II. The Dukes of Cornwall are not numbered as part of their style.

The second dukedom was originally given to Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster, but upon his death was re-created for the 3rd son of Edward III, John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster. On that same day Edward III also created a dukedom for his second son, Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence. When Richard II reached majority, he created dukedoms for his last two uncles on the same day: Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, and Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester.

Originally, dukedoms were created for those who had royal blood, either by descent or marriage (see below, list of surnames). By the end of the Middle Ages, traditionally marked by the Battle of Bosworth Field on 22 August 1485, a total of 31 dukedoms (with 16 distinct titles) had been created; yet only those of Cornwall, Lancaster and Suffolk remained. The Duchy of Cornwall was permanently associated with the heir apparent, and the duchy of Lancaster became Crown property.

The first Duke of Norfolk had died in the battle of Bosworth Field in 1485. Three decades later the Dukedom of Norfolk was restored to his son by Henry VIII. Thus when Elizabeth I came to power the only living duke was Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk. Elizabeth did not create any dukes, and she beheaded Thomas Howard at the age of 36 for plotting to wed Mary, Queen of Scots and overthrow her. By 1572, this class of peerage was extinct, and there were no dukes in the last 30 years of her reign. The extant dukedoms in the Peerage of England were all created (or restored, in the cases of Norfolk and Somerset) in the Stuart period, beginning with James I's re-creation of the dukedom of Buckingham in 1623 for George Villiers.

With the possible exception of the Duchy of Cornwall and the Duchy of Lancaster (which come with great territories attached), all ducal titles in England have been created and held by royal patent or charter, and not by tenure. As a result, the rules of succession to a ducal title are usually explicitly laid out in the patent, and are not necessarily consistent, nor do they coincide with common inheritance laws on property. For instance, an heir does not usually inherit the ducal title by virtue of being the heir of the last holder, but by virtue of descent from the first person to whom the title was given, so a full-blood daughter of a duke may be superseded by a half-blood male relative who can prove direct descent from the first holder.

Dukedoms in the Peerage of England, 1337–1707
  •   This indicates a Royal Dukedom.
  •   This indicates an extant Non Royal Dukedom.
Monarch Dukedom Date of creation Grantee Surname Current status Notes
Edward III Cornwall 9 February 1337 Edward of Woodstock Plantagenet (originally) Extant Held by the eldest living son of the monarch who is also heir-apparent to the throne; title currently held by Charles, Prince of Wales. Also includes the Duchy of Cornwall.
Lancaster 6 March 1351 Henry of Grosmont Plantagenet Extinct 13 March 1361  
Clarence 13 November 1362 Lionel of Antwerp Plantagenet Extinct 17 October 1368  
Lancaster 13 November 1362 John of Gaunt Plantagenet Merged in crown 30 September 1399 The Sovereign is occasionally styled as Duke of Lancaster, regardless of gender. See also Duchy of Lancaster.
Cornwall 20 November 1376 Richard of Bordeaux Plantagenet Merged in crown 22 June 1377 Distinct from the 1337 creation, as the holder was not the eldest son of the monarch
Richard II York 6 August 1385 Edmund of Langley Plantagenet Merged in crown 4 March 1461 Forfeit 1415–1425; November 1459–7 October 1460
Gloucester 6 August 1385 Thomas of Woodstock Plantagenet Forfeit 8 September 1397  
Ireland 13 October 1386 Robert Vere Forfeit 3 February 1388 Creation for life only.
Hereford 29 September 1397 Henry of Bolingbroke Plantagenet Merged in crown 30 September 1399
Aumale 29 September 1397 Edward of Norwich Plantagenet Deprived of title 3 November 1399 Also Earl of Rutland from 1390 and Duke of York from 1402
Exeter 29 September 1397 John Holland Deprived of title 1399 Descendant of Edmund of Woodstock, earl of Kent, son of Edward I.
Surrey 29 September 1397 Thomas Holland Forfeit 1399 Descendant of Edmund of Woodstock, earl of Kent, son of Edward I.
Norfolk 29 September 1397 Thomas Mowbray Extinct 17 January 1476 Title not in use 1399 to 1425. Descendant in female line of Thomas of Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk, son of Edward I.
Norfolk 29 September 1397 Margaret Plantagenet Extinct 24 March 1400 For life only
Henry IV Lancaster 10 November 1399 Henry of Monmouth Plantagenet Merged in crown 20 March 1413 Also Duke of Cornwall
Clarence 2 July 1412 Thomas of Lancaster Plantagenet Extinct 22 March 1421  
Henry V Bedford 16 May 1414 John of Lancaster Plantagenet Extinct 14 September 1435  
Gloucester 16 May 1414 Humphrey of Lancaster Plantagenet Extinct 28 February 1447  
Exeter 18 November 1416 Thomas Beaufort (Plantagenet) Extinct 30 December 1426 Son of John of Gaunt, grandson of Edward III.
Henry VI Exeter 6 January 1443 John Holland Forfeit 4 November 1461 Descendant of Edmund of Woodstock, earl of Kent, son of Edward I.
Somerset 28 August 1443 John Beaufort (Plantagenet) Extinct 27 May 1444 Descended from son of John of Gaunt, grandson of Edward III.
Buckingham 14 September 1444 Humphrey Stafford Forfeit 17 May 1521 Also forfeit 2 November 1483–November 1485 Descendant of daughter of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, youngest son of Edward III.
Warwick 5 April 1445 Henry Beauchamp Extinct 11 June 1446  
Somerset 31 March 1448 Edmund Beaufort (Plantagenet) Forfeit 3 April 1464 Also forfeit 1461–1463 Descended from son of John of Gaunt, grandson of Edward III.
Suffolk 2 July 1448 William de la Pole Surrendered 26 February 1493 Forfeit 1450–1463. Married Elizabeth of York, sister of Edward IV and Richard III.
Edward IV Clarence June 1461 George Plantagenet Forfeit 18 February 1478  
Gloucester 1461 Richard Plantagenet Merged in crown 22 June 1483  
Bedford 5 January 1470 George Neville Deprived of title 1478 Intended husband of Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV.
York 28 May 1474 Richard of Shrewsbury Plantagenet Extinct 1483 Also Duke of Norfolk from 1477
Norfolk 12 June 1477 Richard of Shrewsbury Plantagenet Extinct 1483 Also Duke of York
Bedford 1478 George Plantagenet Extinct 1479
Richard III Norfolk 28 June 1483 John Howard, Fitzalan-Howard Extant Title forfeit 22 August 1485–1 February 1514,
27 January 1547–October 1553,
2 June 1572–September 1660. Descendant in female line of Thomas of Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk, son of Edward I.
Henry VII Bedford 27 October 1485 Jasper Tudor Extinct 21 December 1495  
York 31 October 1494 Henry Tudor Merged in crown 21 April 1509 Also Duke of Cornwall from 1502
Somerset 24 February 1499 Edmund Tudor Extinct 19 June 1500  
Henry VIII Suffolk 1 February 1514 Charles Brandon Extinct 14 July 1551 Husband of Mary Tudor, sister of Henry VIII and former Queen of France.
Richmond and Somerset 18 June 1525 Henry Fitzroy Extinct 22 July 1536 Illegitimate son of Henry VIII.
Edward VI Somerset 16 February 1547 Edward Seymour Extant Forfeit 22 January 1552–13 September 1660. Maternal uncle of Edward VI.
Northumberland 11 October 1551 John Dudley Forfeit 22 August 1553  
Suffolk 11 October 1551 Henry Grey Forfeit 23 February 1554 Married Lady Frances Brandon, daughter of Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk and Mary Tudor, sister of Henry VIII.
James I York 6 January 1605 Charles Stuart Merged in crown 27 March 1625 Also Duke of Albany in Scotland and Duke of Cornwall from 1612
Richmond 17 May 1623 Ludovic Stuart Extinct 16 February 1624  
Buckingham 18 May 1623 George Villiers Extinct 16 April 1687  
Charles I Richmond 8 August 1641 James Stuart Extinct 12 December 1672  
Cumberland 24 January 1644 Prince Rupert of the Rhine None (royal prince) (Wittelsbach) Extinct 29 November 1682 Created for Prince Rupert of the Rhine
York 27 January 1644 James Stuart Merged in crown 6 February 1685  
Dudley 23 May 1644 Alice Dudley Extinct 22 January 1669 For life only
Charles II Gloucester 13 May 1659 Henry Stuart Extinct 13 September 1660  
Albemarle 7 July 1660 George Monck Extinct 6 October 1688  
Monmouth 14 February 1663 James Scott (illegitimate Stuart) Forfeit 15 July 1685  
Cambridge 23 August 1664 James Stuart Extinct 20 June 1667  
Newcastle upon Tyne 16 March 1665 William Cavendish Extinct 26 July 1691  
Kendal 1666 Charles Stuart Extinct 22 May 1667  
Cambridge 7 October 1667 Edgar Stuart Extinct 8 June 1671  
Cleveland 3 August 1670 Barbara Villiers, Fitzroy (illegitimate Stuart) Extinct 18 May 1774 Also Duke of Southampton from 1709
Portsmouth 19 August 1673 Louise Penancoët de Kérouaille Extinct 14 November 1734 For life only
Richmond 9 August 1675 Charles Lennox (illegitimate Stuart) Extant Also Duke of Gordon in the United Kingdom from 1876 and Duke of Lennox in Scotland
Southampton 10 September 1675 Charles Fitzroy (illegitimate Stuart) Extinct 18 May 1774 Also Duke of Cleveland from 1709
Grafton 11 September 1675 Henry Fitzroy (illegitimate Stuart) Extant  
Ormonde 9 November 1682 James Butler Forfeit 20 August 1715 Also Duke of Ormonde in Ireland
Beaufort 2 December 1682 Henry Somerset (illegitimate Plantagenet) Extant Descended from John of Gaunt, son of Edward III via house of Beaufort.
Northumberland 6 April 1683 George Fitzroy (illegitimate Stuart) Extinct 3 July 1716  
St Albans 10 January 1684 Charles Beauclerk (illegitimate Stuart) Extant  
James II Berwick-upon-Tweed 19 March 1687 James Fitzjames (illegitimate Stuart) Unclear It was long thought that the title was forfeit sometime around 1695, but there is no evidence of an attainder. If there was not one, the title is extant and held by the Dukes of Peñaranda del Duero.
William III and Mary II Cumberland 9 April 1689 Prince George Oldenburg Extinct 28 October 1708  
Bolton 9 April 1689 Charles Paulet Extinct 25 December 1794  
Schomberg 10 April 1689 Frederick Schomberg Extinct 5 July 1719 Also Duke of Leinster in Ireland from 1691
Shrewsbury 30 April 1694 Charles Talbot Extinct 1 February 1718  
Leeds 4 May 1694 Thomas Osborne Extinct 20 March 1964  
Bedford 11 May 1694 William Russell Extant  
Devonshire 12 May 1694 William Cavendish Extant  
Newcastle upon Tyne 14 May 1694 John Holles Extinct 15 July 1711  
Anne Marlborough 14 December 1702 John Churchill, Spencer, Spencer-Churchill Extant  
Buckingham and Normanby 23 March 1703 John Sheffield Extinct 30 October 1735  
Rutland 29 March 1703 John Manners Extant  
Montagu 14 April 1705 Ralph Montagu Extinct 16 July 1749  
Cambridge 9 November 1706 George Hanover Merged in crown 11 June 1727 Also Duke of Cornwall from 1714

(continues below Scotland as Dukedoms of Great Britain)

Dukedoms in the Peerage of Scotland, 1398–1707
  •   This indicates a Royal Dukedom.
  •   This indicates an extant Dukedom.
Monarch Title Date of Creation Surname Current Status Notes
Robert III Rothesay[1] 28 April 1398 Stuart Extant Held by eldest son of the monarch who is also heir-apparent; thus also Duke of Cornwall since 1603
Albany[2] 28 April 1398 Stuart Forfeit 24 May 1425  
James II Albany[3] 1457 abt Stuart Extinct 2 June 1536 Forfeit 1479–1482, 1483–1514
James III Ross[4] 29 January 1488 Stuart Extinct 17 January 1504  
Montrose[5] 18 May 1488 Lindsay Extinct December 1495 Deprived of title 1488–1489, title for life from 1489
James V Ross[4] 1514 Stuart Extinct 18 December 1515 Alexander Stewart was styled Duke of Ross, but never formally created a peer
Albany[6] 1541 Stuart Extinct 1541 Arthur Stewart was styled Duke of Albany, but never formally created a peer
Mary I Albany[6] 20 July 1565 Stuart Merged in crown 24 July 1567  
Orkney[7] 12 May 1567 Hepburn Forfeit 29 December 1567  
James VI Lennox[8] 5 August 1581 Stuart Extinct 12 December 1672 Also Duke of Richmond in England from 1623 until 1624 and from 1641; sat in the English House of Lords as Earl of Richmond 1613-1623 and as Earl of March 1624-1641
Albany[6] 23 December 1600 Stuart Merged in crown 27 March 1625 Also Duke of York in England from 1605 and Duke of Rothesay from 1612
Kintyre and Lorne 1602 Stuart Extinct 1602  
Charles I Hamilton[9] 12 April 1643 Hamilton, Douglas-Hamilton Extant Also Duke of Brandon in Great Britain from 1711; sat in the English House of Lords as Earl of Cambridge in the Peerage of England 1643-1651 and in the British House of Lords as Duke of Brandon in the Peerage of Great Britain 1782-1963
Charles II Hamilton[10] 20 September 1660 Douglas (Hamilton) Extinct 18 April 1694 For life only; husband of the suo jure Duchess of Hamilton
Albany[6] 31 December 1660 Stuart Merged in crown 6 February 1685 Also Duke of York in England
Buccleuch[11] 20 April 1663 Scott Forfeit 15 July 1685 Also Duke of Monmouth in England
Buccleuch[11] 20 April 1663 Scott, Montagu-Douglas-Scott Extant Also Duke of Queensberry from 1810; sat in the House of Lords as Earl of Doncaster in the Peerage of England 1743-1963
Lauderdale[12] 1 May 1672 Maitland Extinct 24 August 1682  
Lennox[13] 9 September 1675 Lennox Extant Also Duke of Gordon in the United Kingdom from 1876 and Duke of Richmond in England
Rothes[14] 29 May 1680 Leslie Extinct 27 July 1681  
Gordon[15] 3 November 1684 Gordon Extinct 28 May 1836 Sat in the House of Lords as Earl of Norwich in the Peerage of Great Britain 1784-1836
Queensberry[16] 3 November 1684 Douglas, Montagu-Douglas Scott Extant Also Duke of Dover in Great Britain from 1708 until 1778 and Duke of Buccleuch from 1810
William II Argyll[17] 23 June 1701 Campbell Extant Also Duke of Greenwich in Great Britain from 1718 until 1743 and Duke of Argyll in the United Kingdom from 1892; sat in the House of Lords as Earl of Greenwich 1705–1743, and as Baron Sundridge 1782-1892
Anne Douglas[18] 10 April 1703 Douglas Extinct 21 July 1761 Created for the Marquess of Douglas
Atholl[19] 30 June 1703 Murray Extant Sat in the House of Lords as Earl Strange 1786-1957
Montrose[20] 24 April 1707 Graham Extant Sat in the House of Lords as Earl Graham 1782-1963
Roxburghe[21] 25 April 1707 Ker Extant Dormant 22 October 1805 – 11 May 1812; Sat in the House of Lords as Earl Ker 1782-1804 and as Earl Innes 1837-1963

Dukedoms in the Peerage of Great Britain, 1707–1801
  •   This indicates a Royal Dukedom.
  •   This indicates an extant Dukedom.
Monarch Title Date of Creation Grantee Surname Current Status Notes
Anne Dover 26 May 1708 James Douglas, Duke of Queensberry Douglas Extinct 22 October 1778 Also Duke of Queensberry in Scotland
Kent 28 April 1710 Henry Grey, Marquess of Kent Grey Extinct 5 June 1740  
Brandon 10 September 1711 James Hamilton, Duke of Hamilton Douglas-Hamilton Extant Also Duke of Hamilton in Scotland
George I Ancaster and Kesteven 26 July 1715 Robert Bertie, Marquess of Lindsey Bertie Extinct 8 February 1809  
Kingston-upon-Hull 10 August 1715 Evelyn Pierrepont, Marquess of Dorchester Pierrepont Extinct 23 September 1773  
Newcastle upon Tyne 11 August 1715 Thomas Pelham-Holles, Earl of Clare Pelham-Holles Extinct 17 November 1768 Also Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne from 1757
York and Albany 5 July 1716 Ernest Augustus, Prince-Bishop of Osnabrück Hanover Extinct 14 August 1728  
Portland 6 July 1716 Henry Bentinck, Earl of Portland Bentinck Extinct 30 July 1990  
Wharton 28 January 1718 Philip Wharton, Marquess of Wharton Wharton Extinct 31 May 1731  
Kendal 19 March 1719 Melusine von der Schulenburg, Duchess of Munster Schulenburg Extinct 10 May 1743 Also Duchess of Munster in Ireland, peerage for life only
Greenwich 27 April 1719 John Campbell, Duke of Argyll Campbell Extinct 4 October 1743 Also Duke of Argyll in Scotland
Manchester 28 April 1719 Charles Montagu, Earl of Manchester Montagu Extant  
Chandos 29 April 1719 James Brydges, Earl of Carnarvon Brydges Extinct 29 September 1789  
Dorset[22] 17 June 1720 Lionel Cranfield Sackville, Earl of Dorset Sackville Extinct 29 July 1843  
Bridgewater[22] 18 June 1720 Scroop Egerton, Earl of Bridgewater Egerton Extinct 8 March 1803  
Edinburgh[23] 26 July 1726 Prince Frederick Louis Hanover Merged in crown 25 October 1760 Also Duke of Cornwall from 1727 to 1751
Cumberland[23] 27 July 1726 Prince Ernest Augustus Hanover Extinct 31 October 1765  
George II Newcastle-under-Lyne[24] 17 November 1756 Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne Pelham-Holles, Pelham-Clinton Extinct 25 December 1988 Also Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne until 1768
York and Albany[25] 1 April 1760 Prince Edward Augustus Hanover Extinct 17 September 1767  
George III Gloucester and Edinburgh[26] 19 November 1764 Prince William Henry Hanover Extinct 30 November 1834  
Northumberland 22 October 1766 Hugh Percy, Earl of Northumberland Percy Extant  
Cumberland and Strathearn 22 October 1766 Prince Henry Frederick Hanover Extinct 18 September 1790  
Montagu 5 November 1766 George Montagu, Earl of Cardigan Montagu Extinct 23 May 1790  
York and Albany[27] 29 November 1784 Prince Frederick Augustus Hanover Extinct 5 January 1827  
Clarence and St Andrews[28] 20 May 1789 Prince William Henry Hanover Merged in crown 26 June 1830  
Kent and Strathearn[29] 24 April 1799 Prince Edward Augustus Hanover Extinct 23 January 1820  
Cumberland and Teviotdale[29] 24 April 1799 Prince Ernest Augustus Hanover Suspended 28 March 1919  

(continues below Ireland as Dukedoms of the United Kingdom)

Dukedoms in the Peerage of Ireland, 1661–1868
  •   This indicates an extant Dukedom.
Monarch Dukedom Date of Creation Grantee Surname Current Status Notes
Charles II Ormonde 30 March 1661 James Butler, Marquess of Ormonde Butler Extinct 17 December 1758 Also Duke of Ormonde in England until 1715; the title was generally considered forfeit after 1715, and the third duke, brother of the attainted second duke, who held the title after 1745, did not use it.
William III and Mary II Leinster 3 March 1691 Lord Meinhardt Schomberg Schomberg Extinct 16 July 1719 Also Duke of Schomberg in England from 1693
George I Munster 18 July 1716 Ehrengard Melusine von der Schulenburg Schulenberg Extinct 10 May 1743 Also Duchess of Kendal in Great Britain from 1719
George III Leinster[30] 26 November 1766 James FitzGerald, Marquess of Kildare FitzGerald Extant Sat in the British House of Lords as Viscount Leinster 1747-1999
Victoria Abercorn 10 August 1868 James Hamilton, Marquess of Abercorn Hamilton Extant Sat in the House of Lords as Marquess of Abercorn 1868-1999

Dukedoms in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, 1801–present
  •   This indicates a Royal Dukedom.
  •   This indicates an extant (non-royal) Dukedom.
Monarch Dukedom Date of Creation Grantee Surname Current Status Notes Ref.
George III Sussex 27 November 1801 Prince Augustus Frederick Hanover Extinct 21 April 1843   [31]
Cambridge 27 November 1801 Prince Adolphus Hanover Extinct 17 March 1904   [31]
Wellington 11 May 1814 Arthur Wellesley, Marquess of Wellington Wellesley Extant   [32]
George IV Buckingham and Chandos 4 February 1822 Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, Marquess of Buckingham Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville Extinct 26 March 1889   [33]
William IV Sutherland 28 January 1833 George Leveson-Gower, Marquess of Stafford Leveson-Gower; Sutherland-Leveson-Gower; Egerton Extant   [34]
Cleveland 29 January 1833 William Vane, Marquess of Cleveland Vane; Powlett Extinct 21 August 1891   [34]
Victoria Inverness 10 April 1840 Cecilia Underwood Underwood Extinct 1 August 1873 Wife of The Duke of Sussex. [35]
Edinburgh 24 May 1866 Prince Alfred Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Extinct 30 July 1900   [36]
Westminster 27 February 1874 Hugh Grosvenor, Marquess of Westminster Grosvenor Extant   [37]
Connaught and Strathearn 24 May 1874 Prince Arthur Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Extinct 26 April 1943   [38]
Gordon 13 January 1876 Charles Gordon-Lennox, Duke of Richmond Gordon-Lennox Extant Also Duke of Richmond in England and Duke of Lennox in Scotland [39]
Albany 24 May 1881 Prince Leopold Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Suspended 28 March 1919   [40]
Fife 29 July 1889 Alexander Duff, Earl of Fife Duff Extinct 29 January 1912 Letters Patent contained the standard remainder "heirs male of his body". A re-creation in 1900 allowed the first Duke's daughters and their male issue to inherit (see below). [41]
Clarence and Avondale 24 May 1890 Prince Albert Victor of Wales Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Extinct 14 January 1892   [42]
Argyll 7 April 1892 George Campbell, Duke of Argyll Campbell Extant Also Duke of Argyll in Scotland [43]
York 24 May 1892 Prince George of Wales Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Merged in crown 6 May 1910 Also Duke of Cornwall from 1901 [44]
Fife 24 April 1900 Alexander Duff, Duke of Fife Duff; Carnegie Extant   [45]
George V York 5 June 1920 Prince Albert Windsor Merged in crown 11 December 1936   [46]
Gloucester 31 March 1928 Prince Henry Windsor Extant   [47]
Kent 12 October 1934 Prince George Windsor Extant   [48]
George VI Windsor 8 March 1937 Prince Edward Windsor Extinct 28 May 1972   [49]
Edinburgh 20 November 1947 Sir Philip Mountbatten Mountbatten Extant   [50]
Elizabeth II York 23 July 1986 Prince Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor Extant   [51]
Cambridge 29 April 2011 Prince William of Wales Mountbatten-Windsor Extant   [52]
Sussex 19 May 2018 Prince Henry of Wales Mountbatten-Windsor Extant [53]

See also

References
  1. The Scots Peerage, vol. VII, pp. 312–313.
  2. Scots Peerage, vol. I, p. 147.
  3. Scots Peerage, vol. I, p. 151.
  4. Scots Peerage, vol. VII, p. 246.
  5. Scots Peerage, vol. III, p. 22.
  6. Scots Peerage, vol. I, p. 155.
  7. Scots Peerage, vol. II, p. 164.
  8. Scots Peerage, vol. V, p. 356.
  9. Scots Peerage, vol. IV, p. 377.
  10. Scots Peerage, vol. IV, p. 381.
  11. Scots Peerage, vol. II, p. 237.
  12. Scots Peerage, vol. VI, p. 305.
  13. Scots Peerage, vol. V, p. 363.
  14. Scots Peerage, vol. VII, p. 301.
  15. Scots Peerage, vol. IV, p. 549.
  16. Scots Peerage, vol. VII, p. 138.
  17. Scots Peerage, vol. I, p.369.
  18. Scots Peerage, vol. I, p. 210.
  19. Scots Peerage, vol. I, p. 479.
  20. Scots Peerage, vol. VI, p. 263.
  21. Scots Peerage, vol. VII, p. 350.
  22. "No. 5859". The London Gazette. 11 June 1720. p. 4.
  23. "No. 6494". The London Gazette. 12 July 1726. p. 1.
  24. "No. 9634". The London Gazette. 9 November 1756. p. 2.
  25. "No. 9987". The London Gazette. 29 March 1760. p. 1.
  26. "No. 10470". The London Gazette. 13 November 1764. p. 1.
  27. "No. 12598". The London Gazette. 23 November 1784. p. 2.
  28. "No. 13097". The London Gazette. 16 May 1789. p. 377.
  29. "No. 15126". The London Gazette. 20 April 1799. p. 372.
  30. "No. 10676". The London Gazette. 11 November 1766. p. 2.
  31. "No. 15429". The London Gazette. 21 November 1801. p. 1403.
  32. "No. 16894". The London Gazette. 31 May 1814. p. 936.
  33. "No. 17781". The London Gazette. 12 January 1822. p. 59.
  34. "No. 19013". The London Gazette. 15 January 1833. p. 97.
  35. "No. 19842". The London Gazette. 31 March 1840. p. 858.
  36. "No. 23119". The London Gazette. 25 May 1866. p. 3127.
  37. "No. 24068". The London Gazette. 24 February 1874. p. 827.
  38. "No. 24098". The London Gazette. 26 May 1874. p. 2779.
  39. "No. 24283". The London Gazette. 11 January 1876. p. 99.
  40. "No. 24977". The London Gazette. 24 May 1881. p. 2677.
  41. "No. 25958". The London Gazette. 27 July 1889. p. 4077.
  42. "No. 26055". The London Gazette. 24 May 1890. p. 3019.
  43. "No. 26276". The London Gazette. 8 April 1892. p. 2082.
  44. "No. 26291". The London Gazette. 25 May 1892. p. 3137.
  45. "No. 27186". The London Gazette. 24 April 1900. p. 2605.
  46. "No. 31931". The London Gazette. 4 June 1920.
  47. "No. 33371". The London Gazette. 30 March 1928. p. 2321.
  48. "No. 34094". The London Gazette. 9 October 1934. p. 6365.
  49. "No. 34349". The London Gazette. 12 December 1936. p. 8111.
  50. "No. 38128". The London Gazette. 21 November 1947. p. 5496.
  51. "No. 50606". The London Gazette. 23 July 1986. p. 1.
  52. "No. 59798". The London Gazette. 1 June 2011. p. 10297.
  53. Jenny.minard (19 May 2018). "Prince Harry and Ms. Meghan Markle: Announcement of Titles". The Royal Family. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
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