List of first female physicians by country

This is a list of the first qualified female physician to practice in each country, where that is known. Many, if not all, countries have had female physicians since time immemorial, however modern systems of qualification have often commenced as male only, whether de facto or de jure. The dates given in parentheses below are the dates the women graduated from medical school. Studies have shown that patients treated by female physicians may have better outcomes than patients treated by male physicians.[1][2]

Africa

Country	Physician	Year graduated medical school	Year began practice
Algeria	Aldjia Noureddine-Benallègue	1946	1946
Ghana	Susan Ofori-Atta	1949	1949
Kenya	Mary de Sousa[3]		1919
Mauritania	Two women[4]	2015	2015
Morocco	Françoise Legey[5] (born in France)	1900	1909
Namibia	Libertina Amathila	1969	1969
Nigeria	Elizabeth Abimbola Awoliyi	1938	1938
Senegal	Marie-Thérèse Basse[6]
Somalia	Hawa Abdi	1971	1971
South Africa	Jane Elizabeth Waterston	1880
Sudan	Khalida Zahir[7]	1952	1952
Sudan	And one other woman[8]	1952
Tanzania	Esther Mwaikambo[9]	1969	1969
Tunisia	Tewhida Ben Sheikh	1936	1936
Uganda	Josephine Nambooze	1959	1962
Zimbabwe	Madeline Nyamwanza-Makonese	1970	1970

Americas

Country	Physician	Year graduated medical school	Year began practice
Argentina	Cecilia Grierson	1889	1889
Bermuda	Barbara Ball	1949	1949
Bolivia	Amelia Chopitea Villa	1926	1929
Brazil	Marie Durocher	1834	1834
Canada	Emily Stowe * Canadian licenses granted 1880	1867 1875	1867 1875
Canada	Jennie Kidd Trout	1875	1875
Chile	Eloísa Díaz	1886	1887
Colombia	Ana Galvis Hotz	1877	1877
Costa Rica	Anita Figueredo (lived in USA)
Cuba	Laura Martínez de Carvajal	1889	1889
Dominican Republic	Andrea Evangelina Rodríguez Perozo and Sarah Loguen Fraser
Ecuador	Matilde Hidalgo	1921	1921
El Salvador	Estela Gavidia	1945	1945
Haiti	Yvonne Sylvain	1940	1940
Honduras	Martha Raudales de Midence	1947	1947
Jamaica	Cicely Williams	1923	1923
Mexico	Matilde Montoya	1887	1887
Nicaragua	Concepción Palacios Herrera	1927	1928
Panamá	Lidia Gertrudis Sogandares[10]	1934	1936
Peru	Laura Esther Rodriguez Dulanto	1899	1900
Puerto Rico	María Elisa Rivera Díaz	1909	1909
Puerto Rico	Ana Janer	1909	1909
United States	Elizabeth Blackwell (born in England)	1849	1851
Uruguay	Paulina Luisi	1908	1909
Venezuela	Lya Imber	1936	1936

Asia

Country	Physician	Year graduated medical school	Year began practice
Afghanistan	Maghul M. Ali[11]	Late 1950s	Late 1950s
Azerbaijan	Sona Valikhan	1908	1908
Bahrain	Sadeeqa Ali Al-Awadi[12]
Bangladesh	Zohra Begum Kazi
Cyprus	Maria Michaelides[13]	1927	1927
Hong Kong	Lai Po-cheun[14]
India	Anandi Gopal Joshi / Kadambini Ganguly [15][16]	1886
Indonesia	Marie Thomas	1912	1922
Iran	Badri Teymourtash	1920s	1920s
Iraq			1922[17]
Israel	Bat Sheva Yonis-Guttman (first recorded)[18]		1909
Japan	Ogino Ginko	1882	1885
Korea	Jang-geum	16th century
Kuwait	Eleanor Jane Taylor Calverley (born in USA)[19]	1908	1911
Lebanon	Edma Abouchdid	1931	1936
Malaysia	Salma Ismail	1947	1947
Palestine	Sonia Belkind[20][21] (born in Russia)	1905	1906
Philippines	Honoria Acosta-Sison	1909	1909
Russia	Nadezhda Suslova	1867	1868
Singapore	Lee Choo Neo	1919	1919
Syria	Sabat Islambouli	1890	1890
Taiwan	Tsai Ah-hsin	1921	1925
Thailand	Pierra Vejjabul	1936	1936
Turkey	Safiye Ali		1922
Vietnam	Henriette Bùi Quang Chiêu	1934
Yemen		1990s[22]

Europe

Country	Physician	Year graduated medical school	Year began practice
Austria	Gabriele Possanner	1897	1897
Austria-Hungary	Sofia Okunevska	1894	1894
Belgium	Isala Van Diest	1879	1879
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Teodora Krajewska		c. 1897[23]
Bulgaria	Anastasia Golovina	1878	1878
Croatia	Karola Maier Milobar	1900	1906
Czech Republic	Anna Honzáková	1902	1902
Denmark	Nielsine Nielsen	1886	1889
England	Elizabeth Garrett Anderson	1862	1865
Estonia	Selma Feldbach	1904
Finland	Rosina Heikel	1878	1878
France	Madeleine Brès	1875	1875
Germany	Dorothea Erxleben	1754	1754
Greece (Athens)	Agnodice[24]	4th century BCE
Hungary	Vilma Hugonnai	1879	1897
Iceland	Kristín Ólafsdóttir	1917[25]
Ireland	Eleanora Fleury	1890	1890
Italy	Dorotea Bucca [26]	pre-1390
Lithuania	Veronika Alseikaitė[27]	1908	1908
Malta	Blanche Huber[28]	1925	1925
Montenegro	Divna Veković	1940s
Netherlands	Aletta Jacobs	1879	1879
Norway	Marie Spångberg Holth	1893	1893
Poland	Anna Tomaszewicz-Dobrska	1877	1877
Portugal	Amélia dos Santos Costa Cardia	1891	1891
Romania	Maria Cuțarida-Crătunescu	1884	1891
Russia	Nadezhda Suslova	1867	1868
Scotland	Marion Gilchrist (Grace Cadell)	1894 (1891 - non university)	1894 (1891)
Serbia	Draga Ljočić	1879	1881
Spain	Dolors Aleu i Riera	1879	1882
Sweden	Lovisa Åhrberg [29]	Never educated; certified 1850s	1840
Switzerland	Marie Heim-Vögtlin	1874	1874
Ukraine	Sofia Okunevska	1894	1897
United Kingdom	Elizabeth Garrett Anderson	1862	1865
Wales	Frances Hoggan	1870	1870

Oceania

Country	Physician	Year graduated medical school	Year began practice
Australia	Constance Stone		1890
Fiji	Jiko Luveni	1967	1967
New Zealand	Emily Siedeberg	1896	1905
Tuvalu	Nese Ituaso-Conway		1999
Tuvalu	Miliama Simeona[30]		1999

References

Tsugawa, Yusuke; Jena, Anupam B.; Figueroa, Jose F.; Orav, E. John; Blumenthal, Daniel M.; Jha, Ashish K. (1 February 2017). "Comparison of Hospital Mortality and Readmission Rates for Medicare Patients Treated by Male vs Female Physicians". JAMA Internal Medicine. 177 (2): 206–213. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.7875. ISSN 2168-6106. PMC 5558155. PMID 27992617.
Wallis, Christopher JD; Ravi, Bheeshma; Coburn, Natalie; Nam, Robert K.; Detsky, Allan S.; Satkunasivam, Raj (10 October 2017). "Comparison of postoperative outcomes among patients treated by male and female surgeons: a population based matched cohort study". BMJ. 359: j4366. doi:10.1136/bmj.j4366. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 6284261. PMID 29018008.
Greenwood, Anna; Topiwala, Harshad (2016). Indian Doctors in Kenya, 1895-1940: The Forgotten History. Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 129, 132, 133, 138, 140, 142, 146. doi:10.1057/9781137440532_7. ISBN 9781137440532. OCLC 944066831.
"Mauritania's Only Medical School Graduates Its First Class - Al-Fanar Media". Al-Fanar Media. 18 August 2015. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
Ha, Marie-Paule (2014). French Women and the Empire: The Case of Indochina. Oxford University Press. p. 76. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199640362.001.0001. ISBN 9780199640362. OCLC 934656566. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
Hayter-Menzies, Grant (15 March 2015). Lillian Carter: A Compassionate Life. McFarland. ISBN 9781476619330.
Mubarak, Khalid Al (23 June 2015). "Khalida Zahir obituary". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
http://www.sudanjp.org/uploads/9/2/7/0/9270568/sjp_v12_2_sudanese_female_doctors_in_paediatrics.pdf
"Tanzania's First Female Physician begins Medical School, Builds Alliances with U.S. Institutions". Duke Global Health Institute. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
"Lidia Gertrudis Sogandares Rivera". EnCaribe (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 10 March 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
Emadi, Hafizullah (1 January 2002). Repression, Resistance, and Women in Afghanistan. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780275976712.
"First for Bahrain: Women in medicine". www.citizensforbahrain.com. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
"Maria Michaelides (Roussos) (1902 - 1955)". Geni family tree. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
"Dr. Lai Po-cheun, First Woman Medical Student at HKU". Hong Kong's First. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
"First lady doctor of India". The Telegraph. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
http://www.insa.nic.in/writereaddata/UpLoadedFiles/IJHS/Vol46_4_4_SKMajumdar.pdf
Kristof, Nicholas D. (1 October 2002). "Iraq's Little Secret". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
http://in.bgu.ac.il/bgi/iyunim/DocLib1/gender_abstracts.pdf
Windsor, Laura Lynn (1 January 2002). Women in Medicine: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781576073926.
"Alexandra Belkind, First Woman Doctor in Palestine, Dies at 72". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 22 September 1943. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
Hirsch, Luise (2013). From the Shtetl to the Lecture Hall: Jewish Women and Cultural Exchange. Studies in Judaism. UPA. p. 48. ISBN 9780761859932. OCLC 856869816. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
Burns, John F. (3 December 2000). "Death, and Life, in a Medical School in Yemen". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
North-western Christian Advocate. Swormstedt & Poe. 1 January 1897.
Maria Kalapothakes became the first female physician in modern Greece in 1894.
Karlsson, Gunnar (1 January 2000). The History of Iceland. U of Minnesota Press. ISBN 9780816635894.
First woman doctor in modern Italy was Maria Montessori in 1896.
"Belili: Marija Gimbutas Bio". www.belili.org. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
http://www.um.edu.mt/umms/mmj/PDF/463.pdf
First Swedish woman doctor who graduated from a University was Charlotte Yhlen, and first woman doctor to graduate from a Swedish University was Karolina Widerström.
AusAID. "Tuvalu's first female doctors return home" (PDF). focus magazine June 2001 p. 21 (Vol.16 No.2). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 August 2015. Retrieved 10 October 2015. List of pages Archived 15 August 2015 at the Wayback Machine

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[1] Tsugawa, Yusuke; Jena, Anupam B.; Figueroa, Jose F.; Orav, E. John; Blumenthal, Daniel M.; Jha, Ashish K. (1 February 2017). "Comparison of Hospital Mortality and Readmission Rates for Medicare Patients Treated by Male vs Female Physicians". JAMA Internal Medicine. 177 (2): 206–213. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.7875. ISSN 2168-6106. PMC 5558155. PMID 27992617.

[2] Wallis, Christopher JD; Ravi, Bheeshma; Coburn, Natalie; Nam, Robert K.; Detsky, Allan S.; Satkunasivam, Raj (10 October 2017). "Comparison of postoperative outcomes among patients treated by male and female surgeons: a population based matched cohort study". BMJ. 359: j4366. doi:10.1136/bmj.j4366. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 6284261. PMID 29018008.

[Greenwood_Topiwala_2016-3] Greenwood, Anna; Topiwala, Harshad (2016). Indian Doctors in Kenya, 1895-1940: The Forgotten History. Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 129, 132, 133, 138, 140, 142, 146. doi:10.1057/9781137440532_7. ISBN 9781137440532. OCLC 944066831.

[al-fanarmedia.org-4] "Mauritania's Only Medical School Graduates Its First Class - Al-Fanar Media". Al-Fanar Media. 18 August 2015. Retrieved 1 May 2016.

[Ha_2014_p._76-5] Ha, Marie-Paule (2014). French Women and the Empire: The Case of Indochina. Oxford University Press. p. 76. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199640362.001.0001. ISBN 9780199640362. OCLC 934656566. Retrieved 2 April 2018.

[6] Hayter-Menzies, Grant (15 March 2015). Lillian Carter: A Compassionate Life. McFarland. ISBN 9781476619330.

[7] Mubarak, Khalid Al (23 June 2015). "Khalida Zahir obituary". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 1 May 2016.

[8] ttp://www.sudanjp.org/uploads/9/2/7/0/9270568/sjp_v12_2_sudanese_female_doctors_in_paediatrics.pdf

[9] "Tanzania's First Female Physician begins Medical School, Builds Alliances with U.S. Institutions". Duke Global Health Institute. Retrieved 1 May 2016.

[EnCaribe-10] "Lidia Gertrudis Sogandares Rivera". EnCaribe (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 10 March 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2018.

[11] Emadi, Hafizullah (1 January 2002). Repression, Resistance, and Women in Afghanistan. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780275976712.

[12] "First for Bahrain: Women in medicine". www.citizensforbahrain.com. Retrieved 1 May 2016.

[Maria_Michaelides_(Roussos)_(1902_-_1955)-13] "Maria Michaelides (Roussos) (1902 - 1955)". Geni family tree. Retrieved 2 April 2018.

[14] "Dr. Lai Po-cheun, First Woman Medical Student at HKU". Hong Kong's First. Retrieved 1 May 2016.

[15] "First lady doctor of India". The Telegraph. Retrieved 1 May 2016.

[16] ttp://www.insa.nic.in/writereaddata/UpLoadedFiles/IJHS/Vol46_4_4_SKMajumdar.pdf

[17] Kristof, Nicholas D. (1 October 2002). "Iraq's Little Secret". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 1 May 2016.

[18] ttp://in.bgu.ac.il/bgi/iyunim/DocLib1/gender_abstracts.pdf

[:0-19] Windsor, Laura Lynn (1 January 2002). Women in Medicine: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781576073926.

[Jewish_Telegraphic_Agency_1943-20] "Alexandra Belkind, First Woman Doctor in Palestine, Dies at 72". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 22 September 1943. Retrieved 2 April 2018.

[Hirsch_2013_p._48-21] Hirsch, Luise (2013). From the Shtetl to the Lecture Hall: Jewish Women and Cultural Exchange. Studies in Judaism. UPA. p. 48. ISBN 9780761859932. OCLC 856869816. Retrieved 2 April 2018.

[22] Burns, John F. (3 December 2000). "Death, and Life, in a Medical School in Yemen". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 1 May 2016.

[23] North-western Christian Advocate. Swormstedt & Poe. 1 January 1897.

[24] Maria Kalapothakes became the first female physician in modern Greece in 1894.

[25] Karlsson, Gunnar (1 January 2000). The History of Iceland. U of Minnesota Press. ISBN 9780816635894.

[26] First woman doctor in modern Italy was Maria Montessori in 1896.

[27] "Belili: Marija Gimbutas Bio". www.belili.org. Retrieved 1 May 2016.

[28] ttp://www.um.edu.mt/umms/mmj/PDF/463.pdf

[29] First Swedish woman doctor who graduated from a University was Charlotte Yhlen, and first woman doctor to graduate from a Swedish University was Karolina Widerström.

[:1-30] AusAID. "Tuvalu's first female doctors return home" (PDF). focus magazine June 2001 p. 21 (Vol.16 No.2). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 August 2015. Retrieved 10 October 2015. List of pages Archived 15 August 2015 at the Wayback Machine