List of heads of government of Romania

This is a list of the heads of government of the modern Romanian state, from the establishment of the United Principalities to the present day.

Affiliations

The political stance of prime ministers prior to the development of a modern party system is given by:

C (Conservative)	MC (Moderate Conservative)
RL (Radical Liberal)	ML (Moderate Liberal)

The political stance of prime ministers after the development of a modern party system is given by:

PNL = National Liberal Party (historical)/(contemporary)	PC = Conservative Party
PNR/PNȚ/PNȚCD = Romanian National Party/National Peasants' Party/Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party	PP = People's Party
PCD = Conservative-Democratic Party	Ind. = Independent
PND = Democratic Nationalist Party	PNC = National Christian Party
FRN = National Renaissance Front (from 1940 PN; Party of the Nation)	FP = Ploughmen's Front
PMR = Romanian Workers' Party (from 1965 PCR; Romanian Communist Party)	FSN/PDL = National Salvation Front/Democratic Liberal Party
PDSR = Party of Social Democracy in Romania (from 2001 PSD; Social Democratic Party)	Mil. = Military
PSDR = Romanian Social Democratic Party

Interim officeholders are denoted by italics.

List of officeholders

United Principalities (1859–1881)

From 1859 to 1862, the two principalities (Moldavia and Wallachia) had each its own Government, and a Cabinet, seated in Iași and Bucharest respectively. In 1862 Alexandru Ioan Cuza changed the Constitution and there appeared a single Government and Cabinet, seated in Bucharest.

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Election	Term of office			Political party	Cabinet
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Election	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Political party	Cabinet
Presidents of the Council of Ministers (1862–1881)
1		Barbu Catargiu (1807–1862)	?	15 February 1862	8 June 1862 †	113 days	Con.	Catargiu
—		Apostol Arsache (1789–1869)	—	8 June 1862	23 June 1862	15 days	Con.	Catargiu
2		Nicolae Crețulescu (1812–1900)	—	24 June 1862	11 October 1863	1 year, 109 days	Mod. Lib.	Crețulescu I
3		Mihail Kogălniceanu (1817–1891)	1864	11 October 1863	26 January 1865	1 year, 107 days	Mod. Lib.	Kogălniceanu
4		Constantin Bosianu (1815–1882)	—	26 January 1865	14 June 1865	139 days	Mod. Lib.	Bosianu
(2)		Nicolae Crețulescu (1812–1900)	—	14 June 1865	11 February 1866	242 days	Mod. Lib.	Crețulescu II
5		Ion Ghica (1816–1897)	Apr.1866	11 February 1866	10 May 1866	88 days	Mod. Lib.	Ghica I
6		Lascăr Catargiu (1823–1899)	—	11 May 1866	13 July 1866	63 days	Con.	Catargiu I
(5)		Ion Ghica (1816–1897)	Nov.1866	15 July 1866	21 February 1867	221 days	Mod. Lib.	Ghica II
7		Constantin A. Crețulescu (1809–1884)	—	1 March 1867	4 August 1867	156 days	Rad. Lib.	Crețulescu
8		Ștefan Golescu (1809–1874)	1867	26 November 1867	12 May 1868	168 days	Rad. Lib.	Golescu
9		Nicolae Golescu (1810–1877)	1868	1 May 1868	15 November 1868	198 days	Rad. Lib.	Golescu
10		Dimitrie Ghica (1816–1897)	—	16 November 1868	27 January 1870	1 year, 72 days	Mod. Con.	Ghica
11		Alexandru G. Golescu (1819–1881)	1869	2 February 1870	18 April 1870	75 days	Mod. Lib.	Golescu
12		Manolache Costache Epureanu (1823–1880)	—	20 April 1870	14 December 1870	238 days	Con.	Epureanu I
(5)		Ion Ghica (1816–1897)	—	18 December 1870	11 March 1871	83 days	Mod. Lib.	Ghica III
(6)		Lascăr Catargiu (1823–1899)	—	11 March 1871	30 March 1876	5 years, 19 days	Con.	Catargiu II
13		Ion Emanuel Florescu (1819–1893)	—	4 April 1876	26 April 1876	22 days	Con.	Florescu I
(12)		Manolache Costache Epureanu (1823–1880)	—	6 May 1876	5 August 1876	91 days	PNL	Epureanu II
14		Ion Brătianu (1821–1891)	—	5 August 1876	13 March 1881	4 years, 220 days	PNL	I. Brătianu I–II–III

Kingdom of Romania (1881–1947)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Election	Term of office			Political party	Cabinet
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Election	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Political party	Cabinet
Presidents of the Council of Ministers (1881–1947)
14		Ion Brătianu (1821–1891)	—	13 March 1881	9 April 1881	27 days	PNL	I. Brătianu III
15		Dimitrie Brătianu (1818–1892)	—	10 April 1881	8 June 1881	59 days	PNL	D. Brătianu
(14)		Ion Brătianu (1821–1891)	—	9 June 1881	20 March 1888	6 years, 285 days	PNL	I. Brătianu VI
16		Theodor Rosetti (1837–1923)	—	23 March 1888	22 March 1889	364 days	PC	Rosetti I–II
(6)		Lascăr Catargiu (1823–1899)	—	29 March 1889	3 November 1889	219 days	PC	Catargiu III
17		Gheorghe Manu (1833–1911)	—	5 November 1889	15 February 1891	1 year, 102 days	PC	Manu
(13)		Ion Emanuel Florescu (1819–1893)	—	2 March 1891	29 December 1891	302 days	PC	Florescu II
(6)		Lascăr Catargiu (1823–1899)	1892	29 December 1891	15 October 1895	3 years, 290 days	PC	Catargiu IV
18		Dimitrie Sturdza (1833–1914)	—	15 October 1895	2 December 1896	1 year, 48 days	PNL	Sturdza I
19		Petre S. Aurelian (1833–1909)	—	2 December 1896	12 April 1897	131 days	PNL	Aurelian
(18)		Dimitrie Sturdza (1833–1914)	—	12 April 1897	23 April 1899	2 years, 11 days	PNL	Sturdza II
20		Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino (1833–1913)	—	23 April 1899	19 July 1900	1 year, 87 days	PC	Cantacuzino I
21		Petre P. Carp (1837–1919)	—	19 July 1900	13 February 1901	209 days	PC	Carp I
(18)		Dimitrie Sturdza (1833–1914)	1901	27 February 1901	4 January 1906	4 years, 311 days	PNL	Sturdza III
(20)		Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino (1833–1913)	—	4 January 1906	24 March 1907	1 year, 79 days	PC	Cantacuzino II
(18)		Dimitrie Sturdza (1833–1914)	1907	24 March 1907	9 January 1909	1 year, 291 days	PNL	Sturdza IV
22		Ion I. C. Brătianu (1864–1927)	—	9 January 1909	28 December 1910	1 year, 353 days	PNL	I.I.C. Brătianu I–II
(21)		Petre P. Carp (1837–1919)	1911	29 December 1910	28 March 1912	1 year, 90 days	PC	Carp II
23		Titu Maiorescu (1840–1917)	1912	28 March 1912	31 December 1913	1 year, 278 days	PC	Maiorescu I–II
(22)		Ion I. C. Brătianu[lower-alpha 1] (1864–1927)	1914	4 January 1914	28 January 1918	4 years, 24 days	PNL	I.I.C. Brătianu III–IV
24		Alexandru Averescu[lower-alpha 1] (1859–1938)	—	29 January 1918	4 March 1918	34 days	Mil.	Averescu I
25		Alexandru Marghiloman[lower-alpha 1] (1854–1925)	1918	5 March 1918	23 October 1918	232 days	PC	Marghiloman
26		Constantin Coandă[lower-alpha 1] (1857–1932)	—	24 October 1918	29 November 1918	36 days	Mil.	Coandă
(22)		Ion I. C. Brătianu (1864–1927)	—	29 November 1918	26 September 1919	301 days	PNL	I.I.C. Brătianu V
27		Artur Văitoianu (1864–1956)	—	27 September 1919	30 November 1919	64 days	Mil.	Văitoianu
28		Alexandru Vaida-Voevod (1872–1950)	1919	1 December 1919	12 March 1920	102 days	PNR	Vaida-Voevod I
(24)		Alexandru Averescu (1859–1938)	1920	13 March 1920	16 December 1921	1 year, 278 days	PP	Averescu II
29		Take Ionescu (1858–1922)	—	17 December 1921	19 January 1922	33 days	PCD	Ionescu
(22)		Ion I. C. Brătianu (1864–1927)	1922	19 January 1922	29 March 1926	4 years, 69 days	PNL	I.I.C. Brătianu VI
(24)		Alexandru Averescu (1859–1938)	1926	30 March 1926	4 June 1927	1 year, 66 days	PP	Averescu III
30		Barbu Știrbey (1873–1946)	—	4 June 1927	20 June 1927	16 days	Ind.	Știrbey
(22)		Ion I. C. Brătianu (1864–1927)	1927	21 June 1927	24 November 1927	156 days	PNL	I.I.C. Brătianu VII
31		Vintilă Brătianu (1867–1930)	—	24 November 1927	9 November 1928	351 days	PNL	V. Brătianu
32		Iuliu Maniu (1873–1953)	1928	10 November 1928	6 June 1930	1 year, 208 days	PNȚ	Maniu I
33		Gheorghe Mironescu (1874–1949)	—	7 June 1930	12 June 1930	5 days	PNȚ	Mironescu I
(32)		Iuliu Maniu (1873–1953)	—	13 June 1930	9 October 1930	118 days	PNȚ	Maniu II
(33)		Gheorghe Mironescu (1874–1949)	—	10 October 1930	17 April 1931	189 days	PNȚ	Mironescu II
34		Nicolae Iorga (1871–1940)	1931	18 April 1931	5 June 1932	1 year, 48 days	PND	Iorga
(28)		Alexandru Vaida-Voevod (1872–1950)	1932	6 June 1932	19 October 1932	221 days	PNȚ	Vaida-Voevod II–III
(32)		Iuliu Maniu (1873–1953)	—	20 October 1932	13 January 1933	85 days	PNȚ	Maniu III
(28)		Alexandru Vaida-Voevod (1872–1950)	—	14 January 1933	13 November 1933	303 days	PNȚ	Vaida-Voevod IV
35		Ion G. Duca (1879–1933)	1933	14 November 1933	29 December 1933 †	45 days	PNL	Duca
—		Constantin Angelescu (1870–1948)	—	29 December 1933	3 January 1934	5 days	PNL	Angelescu
36		Gheorghe Tătărescu (1886–1957)	—	4 January 1934	28 December 1937	3 years, 358 days	PNL	Tătărescu I–II–III–IV
37		Octavian Goga (1881–1938)	1937	29 December 1937	10 February 1938	43 days	PNC	Goga
38		Patriarch Miron Cristea (1868–1939)	—	11 February 1938	6 March 1939 †	1 year, 23 days	Ind.	Cristea I–II–III
39		Armand Călinescu (1893–1939)	1939	7 March 1939	21 September 1939 †	198 days	FRN	Călinescu
40		Gheorghe Argeșanu (1883–1940)	—	21 September 1939	28 September 1939	7 days	Mil.	Argeșanu
41		Constantin Argetoianu (1871–1955)	—	28 September 1939	23 November 1939	56 days	FRN	Argetoianu
(36)		Gheorghe Tătărescu (1886–1957)	—	24 November 1939	3 July 1940	222 days	FRN	Tătărescu V–VI
42		Ion Gigurtu (1886–1959)	—	4 July 1940	4 September 1940	62 days	FRN	Gigurtu
43		Ion Antonescu[lower-alpha 2] (1882–1946)	—	4 September 1940	23 August 1944	3 years, 354 days	Mil.	Antonescu I–II–III
44		Constantin Sănătescu (1885–1947)	—	23 August 1944	5 December 1944	104 days	Mil.	Sănătescu I–II
45		Nicolae Rădescu (1874–1953)	—	6 December 1944	28 February 1945	84 days	Mil.	Rădescu
46		Petru Groza (1884–1958)	— 1946	6 March 1945	29 December 1947	2 years, 298 days	FP	Groza I–II

Romanian People's Republic/Socialist Republic of Romania (1947–1989)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Election	Term of office			Political party	Cabinet
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Election	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Political party	Cabinet
Presidents of the Council of Ministers (informally Prime Ministers) (1947–1989)
46		Petru Groza (1884–1958)	— 1948	30 December 1947	2 June 1952	4 years, 155 days	FP	Groza III–IV
47		Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej (1901–1965)	— 1952	2 June 1952	4 October 1955	3 years, 124 days	PMR	Gheorghiu-Dej I–II
48		Chivu Stoica (1908–1975)	— 1957	4 October 1955	20 March 1961	5 years, 167 days	PMR	Stoica I–II
49		Ion Gheorghe Maurer (1902–2000)	1961 1965 1969	21 March 1961	27 February 1974	12 years, 343 days	PCR	Maurer I–II–III–VI–V
50		Manea Mănescu (1916–2009)	— 1975	27 February 1974	30 March 1979	5 years, 31 days	PCR	Mănescu I–II
51		Ilie Verdeț (1925–2001)	— 1980	30 March 1979	20 May 1982	3 years, 51 days	PCR	Verdeț I–II
52		Constantin Dăscălescu (1923–2003)	— 1985	21 May 1982	22 December 1989	7 years, 215 days	PCR	Dăscălescu I–II

Romania (since 1989)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Election	Term of office			Political party	Cabinet
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Election	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Political party	Cabinet
Prime Ministers (since 1989)
—		Council of the National Salvation Front de facto	—	22 December 1989	26 December 1989	4 days	FSN	Provisional
53		Petre Roman[lower-alpha 3] (born 1946)	— 1990	26 December 1989	16 October 1991	1 year, 294 days	FSN	Roman I–II–III
54		Theodor Stolojan (born 1943)	—	16 October 1991	19 November 1992	1 year, 34 days	Ind.	Stolojan I
55		Nicolae Văcăroiu (born 1943)	1992	19 November 1992	11 December 1996	4 years, 22 days	PDSR	Văcăroiu
56		Victor Ciorbea (born 1954)	1996	12 December 1996	30 March 1998	1 year, 108 days	PNȚCD	Ciorbea
—		Gavril Dejeu (born 1932)	—	30 March 1998	17 April 1998	18 days	PNȚCD	Ciorbea
57		Radu Vasile (1942–2013)	—	17 April 1998	13 December 1999	1 year, 240 days	PNȚCD	Vasile
—		Alexandru Athanasiu (born 1955)	—	13 December 1999	22 December 1999	9 days	PSDR	Vasile
58		Mugur Isărescu (born 1949)	—	22 December 1999	28 December 2000	1 year, 6 days	Ind.	Isărescu
59		Adrian Năstase (born 1950)	2000	28 December 2000	21 December 2004	3 years, 359 days	PSD	Năstase
—		Eugen Bejinariu (born 1959)	—	21 December 2004	28 December 2004	7 days	PSD	Năstase
60		Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu (born 1952)	2004	29 December 2004	22 December 2008	3 years, 359 days	PNL	Tăriceanu I–II
61		Emil Boc (born 1966)	2008	22 December 2008	6 February 2012	3 years, 46 days	PDL	Boc I–II
—		Cătălin Predoiu (born 1968)	—	6 February 2012	9 February 2012	3 days	Ind.	Boc II
62		Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu (born 1968)	—	9 February 2012	7 May 2012	88 days	Ind.	Ungureanu
63		Victor Ponta (born 1972)	— 2012	7 May 2012	22 June 2015	3 years, 46 days	PSD	Ponta I–II–III–IV
—		Gabriel Oprea (born 1961)	—	22 June 2015	9 July 2015	17 days	UNPR	Ponta IV
(63)		Victor Ponta (born 1972)	—	9 July 2015	29 July 2015	20 days	PSD
—		Gabriel Oprea (born 1961)	—	29 July 2015	10 August 2015	12 days	UNPR
(63)		Victor Ponta (born 1972)	—	10 August 2015	5 November 2015	87 days	PSD
—		Sorin Cîmpeanu (born 1968)	—	5 November 2015	17 November 2015	12 days	ALDE
64		Dacian Cioloș (born 1969)	—	17 November 2015	4 January 2017	1 year, 48 days	Ind.	Cioloș
65		Sorin Grindeanu (born 1973)	2016	4 January 2017	29 June 2017	176 days	PSD	Grindeanu
66		Mihai Tudose (born 1967)	—	29 June 2017	16 January 2018	201 days	PSD	Tudose
—		Mihai Fifor (born 1970)	—	16 January 2018	29 January 2018	13 days	PSD	Tudose
67		Viorica Dăncilă (born 1963)	—	29 January 2018	4 November 2019	1 year, 279 days	PSD	Dăncilă
68		Ludovic Orban (born 1963)	—	4 November 2019	14 March 2020	1 year, 33 days	PNL	Orban I
14 March 2020		Ludovic Orban (born 1963)	—	7 December 2020	Orban II	1 year, 33 days	PNL
—		Nicolae Ciucă (born 1967)	—	7 December 2020	Orban II	23 December 2020	16 days	PNL
69
	Florin Cîțu (born 1972) Acting	2020	23 December 2020	Incumbent	47 days	PNL	Cîțu

Romania used the Julian calendar prior to 1919, but all dates are given in the Gregorian calendar.

Timeline

19th century

20th century

21st century

Notes

Due to World War I, served in refuge at Iași, 3 December 1916 – 29 November 1918
From 14 September 1940, styled Conducător
Interim until 20 June 1990, following elections

References

Nicolae C. Nicolescu, Șefii de stat și de guvern ai României (1859–2003), Editura Meronia, Bucharest, 2003
Stelian Neagoe, Istoria guvernelor României de la începuturi – 1859 până în zilele noastre – 1995, Editura Machiavelli, Bucharest, 1995

External links

(in Romanian) Guvernele României
Government site

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[WWII-1] Due to World War I, served in refuge at Iași, 3 December 1916 – 29 November 1918

[2] From 14 September 1940, styled Conducător

[3] Interim until 20 June 1990, following elections

Prime Ministers of Romania
List of heads of government of Romania
United Principalities	B. Catargiu Arsache N. Crețulescu Kogălniceanu Bosianu N. Crețulescu I. Ghica L. Catargiu I. Ghica C. Crețulescu Ș. Golescu N. Golescu D. Ghica A. Golescu Epureanu I. Ghica L. Catargiu Florescu Epureanu Ion C. Brătianu
Kingdom of Romania	Ion C. Brătianu D. Brătianu Ion C. Brătianu Rosetti L. Catargiu Manu Florescu L. Catargiu Sturdza Aurelian Sturdza Cantacuzino Carp Sturdza Cantacuzino Sturdza Ion I. C. Brătianu Carp Maiorescu Ion I. C. Brătianu Averescu Marghiloman Coandă Ion I. C. Brătianu Văitoianu Vaida-Voevod Averescu Ionescu Ion I. C. Brătianu Averescu Știrbey Ion I. C. Brătianu V. Brătianu Maniu Mironescu Maniu Mironescu Iorga Vaida-Voevod Maniu Vaida-Voevod Duca Angelescu Tătărescu Goga Cristea Călinescu Argeșanu Argetoianu Tătărescu Gigurtu Antonescu Sănătescu Rădescu Groza
R.P.R.—R.S.R.	Groza Gheorghiu-Dej Stoica Maurer Mănescu Verdeț Dăscălescu
Romania since 1989	Roman Stolojan Văcăroiu Ciorbea Dejeu Vasile Athanasiu Isărescu Năstase Bejinariu Popescu-Tăriceanu Boc Predoiu Ungureanu Ponta Oprea Ponta Oprea Ponta Cîmpeanu Cioloș Grindeanu Tudose Fifor Dăncilă Orban Ciucă Florin Cîțu
Italics indicate interim officeholders.

List of heads of government of Romania

Affiliations

List of officeholders

United Principalities (1859–1881)

Kingdom of Romania (1881–1947)

Romanian People's Republic/Socialist Republic of Romania (1947–1989)

Romania (since 1989)

Timeline

19th century

20th century

21st century

Notes

References

See also

References

External links