List of heads of state of Hungary

The following is a list of heads of state of Hungary, from the Hungarian Declaration of Independence and the establishment of the Hungarian State in 1849 (during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848) until the present day.

For earlier rulers, see Grand Prince of the Hungarians, King of Hungary and List of Hungarian monarchs

Hungarian State (1849)

Parties   Opposition Party

No. Picture Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of Office Political Party Position(s)
1 Lajos Kossuth
(1802–1894)
14 April 1849 11 August 1849 Opposition Party Governor-President
Also Prime Minister
until 1 May 1849
Artúr Görgey
(1818–1916)
11 August 1849 13 August 1849 Revolutionary Army Dictator
Acting civil and military authority

After the collapse of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, the restored Hungarian Kingdom became an integral part of the Austrian Empire until 1867, when dual Austro-Hungarian Monarchy was created and the Hungarian Kingdom was organized as Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen.

Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen (1867–1918)

Hungarian People's Republic (1918–1919)

Parties   F48P–Károlyi

No. Picture Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of Office Political Party Position(s)
1 Mihály Károlyi
(1875–1955)
16 November 1918 11 January 1919 F48P–Károlyi Provisional President of the Republic
Also Prime Minister
11 January 1919 21 March 1919 President of the Republic

Hungarian Soviet Republic (1919)

Parties   MSZP/SZKMMP

No. Picture Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of Office Political Party Position(s)
1 Sándor Garbai
(1879–1947)
21 March 1919 1 August 1919 MSZP/SZKMMP Chairman of the Central Executive Council

Hungarian People's Republic (1919)

Parties   MSZDP

No. Picture Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of Office Political Party Position(s)
1 Gyula Peidl
(1873–1943)
1 August 1919 6 August 1919 MSZDP Prime Minister
Acting Head of State

Hungarian Republic (1919–1920)

Parties   KNEP   Independent

No. Picture Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of Office Political Party Position(s)
1 Archduke Joseph August
(1872–1962)
7 August 1919 23 August 1919 Independent
(Regent)
Regent of Hungary
István Friedrich
(1883–1951)
23 August 1919 24 November 1919 KNP → KNEP Acting Head of State
Also Prime Minister
Károly Huszár
(1882–1941)
24 November 1919 1 March 1920 KNEP

Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)

  Independent

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of office Political party Position(s)
Took office Left office Time in office
2
Miklós Horthy
(1868–1957)
1 March 192015 October 194424 years, 228 daysIndependentRegent of Hungary

Government of National Unity (1944–1945)

Parties   NYKP

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of office Political party Position(s)
Took office Left office Time in office
1
Ferenc Szálasi
(1897–1946)
16 October 194428 March 1945163 daysNYKPLeader of the Nation
De facto, appointed by the Germans
Also Prime Minister

Soviet-backed provisional governments (1944–1946)

Parties   Independent

No. Picture Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of Office Political Party Position(s)
Béla Miklós
(1890–1948)
21 December 1944 25 January 1945 Independent Head of State
Also Prime Minister
In opposition
High National Council 26 January 1945 1 February 1946 Multi-party Collective Head of State
In opposition to 28 March 1945

Hungarian Republic (1946–1949)

Parties   FKGP   MDP

No. Picture Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of Office Political Party Position(s)
1 Zoltán Tildy
(1889–1961)
1 February 1946 3 August 1948 FKGP President of the Republic
2 Árpád Szakasits
(1888–1965)
3 August 1948 23 August 1949 MDP

Hungarian People's Republic (1949–1989)

Chairman of the Presidential Council

Parties   MDPMSZMP   Independent

No. Picture Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of Office Political Party Position(s)
1 Árpád Szakasits
(1888–1965)
23 August 1949 26 April 1950 MDP Chairman of the Presidential Council
2 Sándor Rónai
(1892–1965)
26 April 1950 14 August 1952
3 István Dobi
(1898–1968)
14 August 1952 25 October 1956
(3) 25 October 1956 14 April 1967 MSZMP
4 Pál Losonczi
(1919–2005)
14 April 1967 25 June 1987
5 Károly Németh
(1922–2008)
25 June 1987 29 June 1988
6 Brunó Ferenc Straub
(1914–1996)
29 June 1988 23 October 1989 Independent

Leader of the Hungarian Working People's Party / Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party

Parties   MDPMSZMP

No. Picture Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of Office Political Party Position(s) Notes
1 Mátyás Rákosi
(1892–1971)
12 June 1948 28 June 1953 MDP General Secretary Also Prime Minister (1952–1953)
28 June 1953 18 July 1956 First Secretary
2 Ernő Gerő
(1898–1980)
18 July 1956 25 October 1956
3 János Kádár
(1912–1989)
25 October 1956 30/31 October 1956 Also Prime Minister (1956–1958 and 1961–1965)
(3) 1 November 1956 28 March 1985 MSZMP
28 March 1985 27 May 1988 General Secretary
4 Károly Grósz
(1930–1996)
27 May 1988 7 October 1989 Also Prime Minister (1987–1988)
5 Rezső Nyers
(1923–2018)
26 June 1989 7 October 1989 Party President[1]

Hungarian Republic / Hungary (from 1989)

Parties   MSZP   SZDSZ   Fidesz   Independent

No. Picture Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of Office Political Party Position(s) Term
(Election)
Mátyás Szűrös
(born 1933)
23 October 1989 2 May 1990 MSZP Provisional President of the Republic
Árpád Göncz
(1922–2015)
2 May 1990 3 August 1990 SZDSZ Acting President of the Republic
1 4 August 1990 4 August 1995 President of the Republic 1 (1990)
4 August 1995 4 August 2000 2 (1995)
2 Ferenc Mádl
(1931–2011)
4 August 2000 5 August 2005 Independent 3 (2000)
3 László Sólyom
(born 1942)
5 August 2005 6 August 2010 4 (2005)
4 Pál Schmitt
(born 1942)
6 August 2010 2 April 2012
(resigned)
Fidesz 5 (2010)
László Kövér
(born 1959)
2 April 2012 10 May 2012 Acting President of the Republic
5 János Áder
(born 1959)
10 May 2012 8 May 2017 President of the Republic 6 (2012)
8 May 2017 Incumbent 7 (2017)

See also

References

  1. While Grósz retained the title of General Secretary until 7 October, Nyers held the chairmanship of the Party's four-man presidency after the reorganization of the Party leadership on 26 June. This made him de facto chief executive of both the Party and the country after that date for several months in 1989.
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