List of index fossils

Index fossils (also known as guide fossils or indicator fossils) are fossils used to define and identify geologic periods (or faunal stages). Index fossils must have a short vertical range, wide geographic distribution and rapid evolutionary trends. Another term, Zone fossil is used when the fossil have all the characters stated above except wide geographical distribution, they are limited to a zone and can't be used for correlations of strata.

FossilScientific NameGeological time intervalMillion Years Ago

Calico scallop

Argopecten gibbus
Quaternary1.8 million years ago
Neptunea tabulataQuaternary1.8 million years ago
Viviparus glacialisTiglian (Early Pleistocene)0.5 million years ago
Calyptraphorus velatusTertiary
Venericardia planicostaEocene

Scaphites
Scaphites hippocrepisCretaceous145 to 66 million years ago

Inoceramus
Inoceramus labiatusCretaceous

Perisphinctes
Perisphinctes tizianiJurassic201.3 to 145 million years ago
Nerinea trinodosaJurassic
Tropites subbullatusTriassic
Monotis subcircularisTriassic

Leptodus
Leptodus americanusPermian
ParafusulinaParafusulina boseiPermian
Dictyoclostus americanusPennsylvanian
Lophophyllidium proliferumPennsylvanian
Cactocrinus multibrachiatusMississippian
Prolecanites gurleyiMississippian

Mucrospirifer
Mucrospirifer mucronatusDevonian416 to 359 million years ago
Palmatolepis unicornisDevonian
Tetragraptus fructicosusOrdovician
ParadoxidesCambrian509 to 500 million years ago
Billingselia corrugataCambrian
ArchaocyathidsCambrian529 to 509 million years ago
Examples of index fossils[1]
Main article: Index fossils in Biostratigraphy

References

  1. Index Fossils, from the US Geological Survey. Updated July 31, 1997.
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