List of large volcanic eruptions of the 19th century
This is a list of volcanic eruptions of the 19th century measuring a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of at least 4. Note that there may be many other eruptions that have not been identified, and estimates for the size of eruptions can be subject to considerable uncertainties.
| VEI | Volcano (eruption) | Year | Casualties | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | Pago | 1800 | ||
| 5 | Mount St. Helens | 1800 | The eruption was seen by Native Americans. | |
| 6 | Unknown volcano | 1808 | Greenland and Antarctic ice samples suggest an undocumented eruption roughly half the magnitude of Mount Tambora occurred, contributing to the 1810s being the coldest decade in at least 500 years.[1] Recent searches of documents suggest that it may have taken place in South Western Pacific Ocean around Dec 4, 1808 and observed in Colombia from December 11, 1808.[2] | |
| 4 | La Soufrière | 1812 | ||
| 4 | Mount Awu | 1812 | ||
| 4 | Suwanosejima | 1813 | ||
| 4 | Mayon Volcano | 1814 | ||
| 7 | Mount Tambora | 1815 | 71,000-250,100+ | Largest and deadliest volcanic eruption in recorded history. Caused the "Year Without a Summer" in 1816. |
| 4 | Raung | 1817 | ||
| 4 | Volcán de Colima | 1818 | ||
| 4 | Mount Usu | 1822 | ||
| 5 | Mount Galunggung | 1822 | 4,000 | |
| 4 | Isanotski Peaks | 1825 | ||
| 4 | Kelud | 1826 | ||
| 4 | Avachinsky | 1827 | ||
| 4 | Klyuchevskaya Sopka | 1829 | ||
| 4 | Babuyan Claro Volcano | 1831 | ||
| 5 | Cosigüina | 1835 | ||
| 5 | Mount Agung | 1843 | ||
| 4 | Hekla | 1845 | ||
| 4 | Fonualei | 1846 | ||
| 4 | Mount Usu | 1853 | ||
| 5 | Shiveluch | 1854 | ||
| 4 | Hokkaido Koma-ga-take | 1856 | ||
| 4 | Volcán de Fuego | 1857 | ||
| 4 | Katla | 1860 | ||
| 4 | Makian | 1861 | ||
| 3 | Ceboruco | 1870 | ||
| 4 | Sinarka | 1872 | ||
| 4 | Mount Merapi | 1872 | ||
| 4 | Grímsvötn | 1873 | ||
| 5 | Askja | 1875 | ||
| 4 | Suwanosejima | 1877 | ||
| 4 | Cotopaxi | 1877 | ||
| 4 | Volcán de Fuego | 1880 | ||
| 6 | Krakatoa | 1883 | 36,417 | Produced the loudest sound ever heard in recorded history, and was heard 3,000 miles (4,800 km) away. Caused a 5-year volcanic winter. The island had three volcanoes. Perboewatan (410 ft) and Danan (1,480 ft) were destroyed during the eruption, and Rakata (2,667 ft) was half destroyed and the surviving half remains above sea level. In 1928, a new volcano called Anak Krakatoa (1,063 ft) grew above sea level, forming a new island by Rakata's island. |
| 4 | Augustine Volcano | 1883 | ||
| 4 | Tungurahua | 1886 | ||
| 5 | Mount Tarawera | 1886 | 108+ | Largest historical eruption in New Zealand. |
| 4 | Niuafo'ou | 1886 | ||
| 4 | Mount Bandai | 1888 | 477+ | |
| 4 | Suwanosejima | 1889 | ||
| 4 | Volcán de Colima | 1890 | ||
| 4 | Calbuco | 1893 | ||
| 4 | Mayon Volcano | 1897 | Mayon's longest uninterrupted eruption occurred on June 23, 1897 | |
| 4 | Doña Juana | 1899 |
See also
External links
- VEI glossary entry from a USGS website
- How to measure the size of a volcanic eruption, from The Guardian
- The size and frequency of the largest explosive eruptions on Earth, a 2004 article from the Bulletin of Volcanology
- List of Large Holocene Eruptions (VEI > 4) from the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program
- VEI (Volcanic Explosivity Index) from the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
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