List of longest rivers of Canada

Among the longest rivers of Canada are 47 streams of at least 600 km (370 mi). In the case of some rivers such as the Columbia, the length listed in the table below is solely that of the main stem. In the case of others such as the Mackenzie, it is the combined lengths of the main stem and one or more upstream tributaries, as noted. Excluded from the list are rivers such as the Dauphin, a short connecting link between lakes Manitoba and Winnipeg, with main stems of 100 km (62 mi) or less. Also excluded are rivers such as the Mississippi, the main stems of which do not enter Canada even though some of their tributaries do.

Rivers on this list shown on a map of Canada

The Mackenzie River is the longest stream in Canada if measured from its mouth on the Beaufort Sea to the headwaters of the Finlay River, a major upstream tributary. The main stem, a much shorter segment of the Mackenzie, is marked in dark blue.

Nine rivers in this list cross international boundaries or form them. Four—the Yukon, Columbia, Porcupine, and Kootenay—begin in Canada and flow into the United States. Five—the Milk, Pend d'Oreille, Saint Lawrence, Red, and Saint John—begin in the United States and flow into Canada. Of these, the Milk and the Kootenay cross the international border twice, the Milk leaving and then re-entering the United States, the Kootenay leaving and then re-entering Canada.[1] The drainage basins of these nine rivers extend into both countries; in addition, the drainage basins of six others—the Fraser, Assiniboine, South Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Nelson, and Winnipeg—extend into the United States even though their main stems flow entirely within Canada.

Sources report hydrological quantities with varied precision. Biologist and author Ruth Patrick, describing a table of high-discharge rivers, wrote that data on discharge, drainage area, and length varied widely among authors whose works she consulted. "It seems," she said, "that the wisest course is to regard data tables such as the present one as showing the general ranks of rivers, and not to place too much importance on minor (10–20%) differences in figures."[2]

Table

The primary source for data in the table below is The Atlas of Canada; other sources are as noted. Discharge refers to the flow at the mouth except as noted. U.S. states appear in italics. Abbreviations are as follows: "km" for "kilometre", "mi" for "mile", "s" for "second", "m" for "metre", and "ft" for "foot".

Key
River is not entirely within Canada.
Watershed is not entirely within Canada.

Longest rivers of Canada
#	Name	Mouth	Length[3]	Source[n 1]	Watershed area[3]	Discharge[3][5]	Provinces, states	Image
1	Mackenzie River	Beaufort Sea 69°21′59″N 133°54′10″W[6]	4,241 km 2,635 mi [n 2]	Thutade Lake 56°44′00″N 127°31′00″W	1,805,200 km² 697,000 mi²	9,700 m³/s 340,000 ft³/s	Northwest Territories
2	Yukon River	Bering Sea 62°35′55″N 164°48′00″W[8]	3,185 km 1,979 mi [n 3]	Teslin Lake 59°37′00″N 132°09′00″W	839,200 km² 324,000 mi² [n 4]	6,340 m³/s 224,000 ft³/s[9]	British Columbia, Yukon, Alaska
3	Saint Lawrence River	Gulf of Saint Lawrence 49°40′00″N 64°30′00″W[10]	3,058 km 1,900 mi [n 5]	Seven Beaver Lake 47°30′04″N 91°49′51″W[11]	1,344,200 km² 519,000 mi² [n 6]	9,850 m³/s 348,000 ft³/s	Minnesota, Wisconsin, Ontario, Michigan, Ohio, New York, Quebec
4	Nelson River	Hudson Bay 57°04′05″N 92°30′08″W[12]	2,575 km 1,600 mi [n 7]	Bow Glacier 51°40′00″N 116°27′00″W	892,300 km² 344,500 mi² [n 8]	2,370 m³/s 84,000 ft³/s	Manitoba
5	Slave River	Great Slave Lake 61°18′00″N 113°40′04″W[13]	2,338 km 1,453 mi [n 9]	Thutade Lake 56°44′00″N 127°31′00″W	616,400 km² 238,000 mi²	3,437 m³/s 121,400 ft³/s[14]	Alberta, Northwest Territories
6	Columbia River	Pacific Ocean 46°14′39″N 124°03′29″W[15]	2,000 km 1,243 mi [n 10]	Columbia Lake 50°09′53″N 115°50′19″W	671,300 km² 259,200 mi² [n 11]	7,730 m³/s 273,000 ft³/s[16]	British Columbia, Washington, Oregon
7	Saskatchewan River	Lake Winnipeg 53°11′20″N 99°15′18″W[17]	1,939 km 1,205 mi [n 12]	Bow Glacier 51°40′00″N 116°27′00″W	335,900 km² 129,700 mi² [n 13]	700 m³/s 25,000 ft³/s	Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba
8	Peace River	Slave River 59°00′01″N 111°24′47″W[18]	1,923 km 1,195 mi [n 14]	Thutade Lake 56°44′00″N 127°31′00″W	302,500 km² 116,800 mi²	2,118 m³/s 74,800 ft³/s[19]	British Columbia, Alberta
9	Churchill River (Hudson Bay)	Hudson Bay 58°47′45″N 94°12′15″W[20]	1,609 km 1,000 mi [n 15]	Churchill Lake 55°49′02″N 108°22′52″W	281,300 km² 108,600 mi²	1,200 m³/s 42,000 ft³/s	Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba
10	South Saskatchewan River	Saskatchewan River 53°15′00″N 105°05′02″W[21]	1,392 km 865 mi [n 16]	Bow Glacier 51°40′00″N 116°27′00″W	146,100 km² 56,400 mi² [n 17]	280 m³/s 9,900 ft³/s	Alberta, Saskatchewan
11	Fraser River	Strait of Georgia 49°07′00″N 123°10′59″W[22]	1,375 km 854 mi	Fraser Pass 52°32′01″N 118°19′39″W	233,100 km² 90,000 mi² [n 18]	3,540 m³/s 125,000 ft³/s	British Columbia
12	North Saskatchewan River	Saskatchewan River 53°15′00″N 105°05′02″W[23]	1,287 km 800 mi	Saskatchewan Glacier 52°14′33″N 117°09′05″W	122,800 km² 47,400 mi²	245 m³/s 8,700 ft³/s	Alberta, Saskatchewan
13	Ottawa River	Saint Lawrence River 45°33′59″N 74°23′11″W[24]	1,271 km 790 mi	Laurentian Mountains 47°36′00″N 75°43′40″W	146,300 km² 56,500 mi²	1,950 m³/s 69,000 ft³/s	Quebec, Ontario
14	Athabasca River	Lake Athabasca 58°59′05″N 110°51′23″W[25]	1,231 km 765 mi	Columbia Icefield 52°11′14″N 117°28′27″W	95,300 km² 36,800 mi² [n 19]	783 m³/s 27,700 ft³/s[26]	Alberta
15	Liard River	MacKenzie River 61°50′55″N 121°18′35″W[27]	1,115 km 693 mi[28]	Saint Cyr Range 61°11′08″N 131°45′36″W	277,100 km² 107,000 mi²	2,446 m³/s 86,400 ft³/s[29]	Yukon, British Columbia, Northwest Territories
16	Assiniboine River	Red River 49°53′09″N 97°07′41″W[30]	1,070 km 660 mi	near Hazel Dell 52°15′53″N 103°08′48″W	182,000 km² 70,000 mi² [n 20]	45 m³/s 1,600 ft³/s	Saskatchewan, Manitoba	A muddy river floods a wooded urban area with boat docks and riverside seating.
17	Milk River	Missouri River 48°03′26″N 106°19′07″W[31]	1,005 km 625 mi [n 21]	Blackfeet Indian Reservation 48°51′20″N 113°01′10″W[31]	61,200 km² 23,600 mi² [n 22]	18.9 m³/s 670 ft³/s[33]	Alberta, Montana
18	Albany River	James Bay 52°17′00″N 81°30′59″W[34]	982 km 610 mi [n 23]	Cat Lake 51°45′00″N 91°53′00″W	135,200 km² 52,200 mi²	251 m³/s 8,900 ft³/s [n 24]	Ontario
19	Severn River	Hudson Bay 56°03′22″N 87°34′36″W[36]	982 km 610 mi [n 25]	Deer Lake 52°37′00″N 94°40′00″W	102,800 km² 39,700 mi²	645 m³/s 22,800 ft³/s [n 26]	Ontario
20	Back River	Chantrey Inlet 67°16′00″N 95°15′00″W[39]	974 km 605 mi [n 27]	near Aylmer Lake 64°25′00″N 108°27′00″W	106,500 km² 41,120 mi²	612 m³/s 21,600 ft³/s[40]	Northwest Territories, Nunavut
21	Thelon River	Baker Lake 64°16′30″N 96°04′35″W[41]	904 km 562 mi	Lynx Lake 62°20′36″N 106°02′18″W	142,400 km² 55,000 mi²	840 m³/s 30,000 ft³/s	Northwest Territories, Nunavut
22	La Grande River	James Bay 53°50′03″N 79°03′20″W[42]	893 km 555 mi	Lac Nichicun 53°12′30″N 70°56′00″W	97,600 km² 37,700 mi²	1,690 m³/s 60,000 ft³/s	Quebec
23	Red River	Lake Winnipeg 50°23′47″N 96°48′39″W[43]	890 km 545 mi [n 28]	Wahpeton and Breckinridge 46°15′52″N 96°35′55″W[45]	287,500 km² 111,000 mi² [n 29]	236 m³/s 8,300 ft³/s[46]	North Dakota, Minnesota, Manitoba
24	Koksoak River	Ungava Bay 58°32′11″N 68°09′29″W[47]	874 km 543 mi [n 30]	Lake Sevestre 52°32′23″N 68°01′15″W	133,400 km² 51,500 mi²	2,800 m³/s 99,000 ft³/s	Quebec
25	Churchill River (Atlantic)	Atlantic Ocean 53°20′58″N 60°10′39″W[48]	856 km 532 mi [n 31]	Ashuanipi Lake 52°59′20″N 66°14′28″W	79,800 km² 30,800 mi²	1,580 m³/s 56,000 ft³/s	Newfoundland and Labrador
26	Coppermine River	Coronation Gulf 67°49′09″N 115°03′50″W[49]	845 km 525 mi	Lac de Gras 64°35′02″N 111°11′24″W	50,800 km² 19,600 mi²[50]	262 m³/s 9,300 ft³/s [n 32]	Northwest Territories, Nunavut
27	Dubawnt River	Thelon River 64°32′59″N 100°06′00″W[51]	842 km 523 mi	Abitau Lake 60°21′00″N 107°09′00″W	57,500 km² 22,200 mi²	366 m³/s 12,900 ft³/s [n 33]	Northwest Territories, Nunavut
28	Winnipeg River	Lake Winnipeg 50°37′54″N 96°19′13″W[53]	813 km 505 mi [n 34]	Trap Lake 49°12′42″N 90°26′58″W	135,800 km² 52,400 mi² [n 35]	850 m³/s 30,000 ft³/s[54]	Ontario, Manitoba
29	Kootenay River	Columbia River 49°19′0″N 117°39′0″W[55]	780 km 485 mi	Beaverfoot Range 51°03′21″N 116°21′55″W	50,300 km² 19,400 mi² [n 36]	850 m³/s 30,000 ft³/s	British Columbia, Montana, Idaho
30	Nottaway River	James Bay 51°22′33″N 78°55′45″W	776 km 482 mi [n 37]	Lake Gilles 48°07′00″N 75°38′00″W	65,800 km² 25,400 mi²	1,190 m³/s 42000 ft³/s	Quebec
31	Rupert River	James Bay 51°29′35″N 78°45′01″W[56]	763 km 474 mi [n 38]	north of Lake Mistassini 52°13′11″N 71°32′19″W	43,400 km² 16,800 mi²	900 m³/s 32,000 ft³/s	Quebec
32	Eastmain River	James Bay 52°14′30″N 78°33′38″W[57]	756 km 470 mi	Lac Bréhat 52°31′30″N 70°52′00″W	46,400 km² 17,900 mi²	930 m³/s 33,000 ft³/s	Quebec
33	Attawapiskat River	James Bay 52°57′12″N 82°17′43″W[58]	748 km 465 mi [n 39]	Attawapiskat Lake 52°10′00″N 87°37′00″W	50,500 km² 19,500 mi²	263 m³/s 9,300 ft³/s [n 40]	Ontario
34	Kazan River	Thelon River 64°02′30″N 95°29′04″W[60]	732 km 455 mi [n 41]	Ennadai Lake 60°55′00″N 101°20′00″W	71,500 km² 27,600 mi²	540 m³/s 19,000 ft³/s	Nunavut
35	Red Deer River	South Saskatchewan River 50°58′05″N 110°00′00″W[61]	724 km 450 mi	Sawback Range 51°32′19″N 116°02′46″W	45,100 km² 17,400 mi²	70 m³/s 2,500 ft³/s	Alberta
36	Great Whale River	Hudson Bay 55°15′58″N 77°47′04″W[62]	724 km 450 mi	Lake Saint-Lusson 54°49′30″N 70°32′17″W	42,700 km² 16,500 mi²	680 m³/s 24,000 ft³/s	Quebec
37	Porcupine River	Yukon River 66°35′42″N 145°18′32″W[63]	721 km 448 mi	Ogilvie Mountains 66°32′10″N 138°22′16″W	117,900 km² 45,500 mi² [n 42]	414 m³/s 14,600 ft³/s[64]	Yukon, Alaska
38	Pend d'Oreille River	Columbia River 48°59′59″N 117°37′00″W[65]	703 km 437 mi [n 43]	near Butte 46°04′32″N 112°27′56″W[69]	66,900 km² 25,800 mi² [n 44]	820 m³/s 29,000 ft³/s[70]	Idaho, Washington, British Columbia
39	Hay River	Great Slave Lake 60°51′50″N 115°44′04″W[71]	702 km 436 mi	near Zama Lake 58°14′14″N 118°51′34″W	48,200 km² 18,600 mi²	113 m³/s 4,000 ft³/s[72]	Alberta, Northwest Territories	A medium-sized river flows in bright sunlight through a forest.
40	Saguenay River	Saint Lawrence River 48°07′59″N 69°43′59″W[73]	698 km 434 mi [n 45]	near Otish Mountains 52°16′17″N 70°48′38″W	88,000 km² 34,000 mi²	1,750 m³/s 62,000 ft³/s	Quebec
41	Anderson River	Beaufort Sea 69°43′00″N 129°00′09″W[74]	692 km 430 mi	northwest of Great Bear Lake 66°57′00″N 124°36′00″W		142 m³/s 5,000 ft³/s [n 46]	Northwest Territories
42	Peel River	Mackenzie River 67°41′49″N 134°31′58″W[75]	684 km 425 mi [n 47]	Gill Lake 65°19′00″N 139°49′00″W	73,600 km² 28,400 mi²	103 m³/s 3,600 ft³/s[76]	Yukon, Northwest Territories
43	Saint John River	Bay of Fundy 45°16′00″N 66°04′00″W	673 km 418 mi	Somerset County 46°33′47″N 69°53′05″W	55,200 km² 21,300 mi² [n 48]	1,130 m³/s 40,000 ft³/s	Maine, New Brunswick
44	Stewart River	Yukon River 63°17′30″N 139°24′42″W[77]	644 km 400 mi	Selwyn Mountains 64°06′35″N 131°42′25″W	51,000 km² 20,000 mi²	675 m³/s 23,800 ft³/s[78]	Yukon
45	Horton River	Franklin Bay 69°56′00″N 126°48′09″W[79]	618 km 384 mi	Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut 67°51′00″N 120°33′00″W	26,680 km² 10,300 mi²[80]		Nunavut, Northwest Territories
46	English River	Winnipeg River 50°12′04″N 95°00′12″W[81]	615 km 382 mi	near Marmion Lake 49°06′00″N 91°16′00″W	52,300 km² 20,200 mi²		Ontario
47	Pelly River	Yukon River 62°46′46″N 137°20′13″W[82]	608 km 378 mi	Mackenzie Mountains 62°49′00″N 129°53′00″W	51,000 km² 20,000 mi²	410 m³/s 14,000 ft³/s	Yukon

Notes and references

Notes

Except as noted, source coordinates were derived via a topographic map search engine embedded in The Atlas of Canada.[4]
To the head of the Finlay River.[7]
To the head of the Nisutlin River. Of the total length of 3,185 km (1,979 mi), 1,149 km (714 mi) (about 36 percent) are in Canada.[7]
Split between 323,800 km² (125,000 mi²), about 39 percent, in Canada and 515,400 km² (199,000 mi²), about 61 percent, in the United States.[7]
To the head of the Saint Louis River in Minnesota.[7]
Split between 839,200 km² (324,000 mi²) (about 62 percent) in Canada and 505,000 km² (195,000 mi²) (about 38 percent) in the United States.[7]
To the head of the Bow River.[7]
Split between 690,900 square kilometres (266,800 sq mi), about 77 percent, in Canada and 201,400 square kilometres (77,800 sq mi), about 23 percent, in the United States. The totals for the two countries were derived by adding the U.S. watershed subtotals for the Assiniboine, Red, Winnipeg, and Saskatchewan rivers, which feed into the Nelson.[7]
Derived by adding the length of the Peace River (measured from its mouth to the headwaters of the Finlay River) to the length of the main stem of the Slave River.[7]
About 801 km (498 mi), 40 percent of the total, are in Canada.[7]
Split between 102,800 km² (39,700 mi²) (about 15 percent) in Canada and 568,500 km² (219,500 mi²) (about 85 percent) in the United States.[7]
To the head of the Bow River.[7]
Split between 334,100 km² (129,000 sq mi) (about 99.5 percent) in Canada and 1,800 km² (690 sq mi) (about 0.5 percent) in the United States.[7]
To the head of the Finlay River.[7]
To the head of Churchill Lake.[7]
To the head of the Bow River.[7]
Split between 144,300 km² (55,700 sq mi) (about 99 percent) in Canada and 1,800 km² (690 sq mi) (about 1 percent) in the United States.[7]
Split between 232,300 km² (89,700 sq mi) (about 99.7 percent) in Canada and 800 km² (310 sq mi) (about 0.3 percent) in the United States.[7]
Rivers of North America lists a basin size of 154,880 square kilometres (59,800 sq mi), but this includes Lake Athabasca, the Peace–Athabasca Delta, and the basins of the Fond du Lac River and some of the other streams flowing into the lake.[26]
Split between 160,600 km² (62,000 mi²) (about 88 percent) in Canada and 21,400 km² (8,300 mi²) (about 12 percent) in the United States.[7]
According to the Milk River Watershed Council, a 180-km (110 mi) stretch of the river flows through Canada. This amounts to about 18 percent of the river's total length.[32]
Split between 21,600 km² (8,300 mi²) (about 35 percent) in Canada and 39,600 km² (15,300 mi²) (about 65 percent) in the United States.[7]
To the head of the Cat River.[7]
Based on data from the years 1968–69, 73, and 75–84 at Hat Island,[35] about 200 kilometres (120 mi) from the mouth. Distance from mouth estimated with a measurement tool embedded in The Atlas of Canada topographic maps.[4]
To the head of the Black Birch River.[7]
Based on data from the years 1973–74, 77–79, and 83–84 at Limestone Rapids,[37] about 40 kilometres (25 mi) from the mouth.[38]
To the head of Muskox Lake.[7]
Split between 255 kilometres (158 mi) or about 29 percent in Canada and 635 kilometres (395 mi) or about 71 percent in the United States.[44]
Split between 138,600 km² (53,500 sq mi) (about 48 percent) in Canada and 148,900 km² (57,500 sq mi) (about 52 percent) in the United States.[7]
To the head of the Caniapiscau River.[7]
To the head of the Ashuanipi River.[7]
This is the mean discharge for a point about 100 kilometres (62 mi) from the mouth rather than at the mouth.[50]
Measured by a gauge at the outlet of Marjorie Lake, about 50 kilometres (31 mi) from the mouth. Flow derived by converting km³/yr to m³/s.[52] Distance from mouth estimated with a measurement tool embedded in The Atlas of Canada topographic maps.[4]
To the head of the Firesteel River.[7]
Split between 106,500 square kilometres (41,100 sq mi) in Canada, about 78 percent, and 29,300 square kilometres (11,300 sq mi), about 22 percent, in the United States.[7]
Split between 37,700 square kilometres (14,600 sq mi), about 52 percent, in Canada and 12,600 square kilometres (4,900 sq mi), about 48 percent, in the United States.
To the head of the Megiscane River.[7]
To the head of the Temiscamie River.[7]
To the head of Attawapiskat Lake.[7]
Based on data from the years 1967–80 and 82–84 at the source, Attawpiskat Lake, rather than at the mouth.[59]
To the head of Ennadai Lake.[7]
Split between 61,400 square kilometres (23,700 sq mi) in Canada, about 52 percent, and 56,500 square kilometres (21,800 sq mi), about 48 percent, in the United States.[7]
To the head of the Silver Bow Creek. Length derived by adding the distance from the mouth to the head of Pend Oreille Lake, shown on topo maps as about 220 kilometres (140 mi)[66] to the length (about 480 kilometres (300 mi) of the Clark Fork River and its headwater tributary, Silver Bow Creek.[67] Of this total, only 22 km (14 mi), about 3 percent, are in Canada.[68]
Split between 1,600 square kilometres (620 sq mi) in Canada, about 2 percent, and 65,000 square kilometres (25,000 sq mi), about 98 percent, in the United States.[68]
To the head of the Peribonka River.[7]
Measured by a gauge below the Carnwath River, about 150 kilometres (93 mi) from the Anderson River mouth. Flow derived by converting km³/yr to m³/s.[52] Distance from mouth estimated with a measurement tool embedded in The Atlas of Canada topographic maps.[4]
To the head of the Ogilvie River.[7]
Split between 35,000 square kilometres (14,000 sq mi) (about 63 percent) in Canada and 19,700 square kilometres (7,600 sq mi) (about 37 percent) in the United States.[7]

References

The Road Atlas. Chicago, Illinois: Rand McNally & Company. 2008. ISBN 978-0-528-93961-7.
Patrick, Ruth (1995). Rivers of the United States: Volume II: Chemical and Physical Characteristics. New York: John Wiley & Sons. p. 24. ISBN 0-471-10752-2.
From The Atlas of Canada unless otherwise noted
"The Atlas of Canada, Advanced Search". Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on August 25, 2011. Retrieved May 18, 2011.
Measured at the mouth unless otherwise noted
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Benke and Cushing, p. 843
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Benke and Cushing, p. 815
Benke and Cushing, p. 842
"Assiniboine River, Manitoba". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Missing or empty |url= (help)
"Milk River". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey (USGS). April 4, 1980. Retrieved February 5, 2011.
"Milk River State of the Watershed Report, Part 3" (PDF). Milk River Watershed Council. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 30, 2018. Retrieved February 19, 2011.
Benke and Cushing, p. 475
"Albany River, Ontario". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on June 8, 2011. Retrieved May 16, 2011.
SAGE: Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (February 13, 2010). "Severn". River Discharge Database. University of Wisconsin. Archived from the original on July 23, 2011. Retrieved May 23, 2011.
"Severn River, Ontario". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on October 10, 2012. Retrieved May 22, 2011.
SAGE: Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (February 13, 2010). "Severn". River Discharge Database. University of Wisconsin. Archived from the original on July 23, 2011. Retrieved May 23, 2011.
Dymond, J.R.; Scott, W.B. (November 21, 1941). "Fishes of the Patricia Portion of the Kenora District, Ontario". Copeia. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. 1941 (4): 243. doi:10.2307/1437471. JSTOR 1437471.
"Back River, Nunavut". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on June 8, 2011. Retrieved May 4, 2011.
Marsh, James. "Back River". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Dominion Institute. Archived from the original on June 8, 2011. Retrieved May 3, 2011.
"Thelon River, Nunavut". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 5, 2011.
"La Grande Rivière" (in French). Gouvernement du Québec. Retrieved May 16, 2011.
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"Red River of the North: A Water Trail Guide" (PDF). Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. 2010. Retrieved May 29, 2011.
"Red River of the North". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey (USGS). January 1, 2000. Retrieved May 29, 2011.
Benke and Cushing, p. 896
"Rivière Koksoak" (in French). Gouvernement du Québec. Retrieved May 16, 2011.
"Churchill River, Newfoundland and Labrador". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on August 17, 2011. Retrieved May 13, 2011.
"Coppermine River, Nunavut". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
"Coppermine River: Overview of the Hydrology and Water Quality" (PDF). Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. July 13, 2010. pp. 1–5. Retrieved May 3, 2011.
"Dubawnt River, Nunavut". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved May 22, 2011.
"List of Arctic RIMS Discharge Stations". University of New Hampshire. Retrieved May 22, 2011.
"Winnipeg River, Manitoba". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 15, 2011.
Benke and Cushing, p. 898
"Kootenay River, British Columbia". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved May 19, 2011.
"Rivière Rupert". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
"Rivière Eastmain". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on July 7, 2012. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
"Attawapiskat River, Ontario". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Missing or empty |url= (help)
SAGE: Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (February 13, 2010). "Attawapiskat". River Discharge Database. University of Wisconsin. Archived from the original on July 23, 2011. Retrieved May 23, 2011.
"Kazan River, Nunavut". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Missing or empty |url= (help)
"Red Deer River, Alberta". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved May 27, 2011.
"Grande rivière de la Baleine, Quebec". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on July 7, 2012. Retrieved May 27, 2011.
"Porcupine River". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. January 1, 2000. Retrieved May 21, 2011.
Benke and Cushing, p. 802
"Pend-d'Oreille River, British Columbia". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on December 3, 2012. Retrieved June 6, 2011.
United States Geological Survey. "Hope, Idaho, quadrangle". TopoQuest. Retrieved June 6, 2011.
Merriam Webster's Geographical Dictionary (3rd ed.). Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, Inc. 1998. p. 258. ISBN 0-87779-546-0.
Swain, L.G. (August 2007). "Canada–British Columbia Water Quality Monitoring Agreement: Water Quality Assessment of Pend d'Oreille River at Waneta (1980–2006)" (PDF). British Columbia Ministry of Environment. p. 1. Retrieved June 6, 2011.
"Silver Bow Creek". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. April 4, 1980. Retrieved June 6, 2011.
"Waneta Hydroelectric Expansion Project EAC Application" (PDF). Government of British Columbia. May 2006. p. 12. Retrieved June 8, 2011.
"Hay River, Northwest Territories". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved May 29, 2011.
Benke and Cushing, p. 848
"Saguenay River, Quebec". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved May 23, 2011.
"Anderson River, Northwest Territories". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved May 22, 2011.
"Peel River, Northwest Territories". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved May 19, 2011.
Benke and Cushing, p. 850
"Stewart River, Yukon". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved May 25, 2011.
Benke and Cushing, p. 800
"Horton River, Northwest Territories". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved May 22, 2011.
Giberson, Donna J.; Shaverdo, Helena V. (Fall 2003). "Update on the survey of aquatic insects from Keewatin and Mackenzie project: The predaceous water beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Dytiscidae and Gyrinidae)". Newsletter of the Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods). University of Alberta. 22 (2). Retrieved May 27, 2011.
"English River, Ontario". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved May 22, 2011.
"Pelly River, Yukon". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. April 2, 2004. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved May 18, 2011.

Works cited

Benke, Arthur C., ed., and Cushing, Colbert E., ed. Rivers of North America. Burlington, Massachusetts: Elsevier Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-088253-1.

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[5] Except as noted, source coordinates were derived via a topographic map search engine embedded in The Atlas of Canada.[4]

[9] To the head of the Finlay River.[7]

[11] To the head of the Nisutlin River. Of the total length of 3,185 km (1,979 mi), 1,149 km (714 mi) (about 36 percent) are in Canada.[7]

[12] Split between 323,800 km² (125,000 mi²), about 39 percent, in Canada and 515,400 km² (199,000 mi²), about 61 percent, in the United States.[7]

[15] To the head of the Saint Louis River in Minnesota.[7]

[17] Split between 839,200 km² (324,000 mi²) (about 62 percent) in Canada and 505,000 km² (195,000 mi²) (about 38 percent) in the United States.[7]

[19] To the head of the Bow River.[7]

[20] Split between 690,900 square kilometres (266,800 sq mi), about 77 percent, in Canada and 201,400 square kilometres (77,800 sq mi), about 23 percent, in the United States. The totals for the two countries were derived by adding the U.S. watershed subtotals for the Assiniboine, Red, Winnipeg, and Saskatchewan rivers, which feed into the Nelson.[7]

[22] Derived by adding the length of the Peace River (measured from its mouth to the headwaters of the Finlay River) to the length of the main stem of the Slave River.[7]

[25] About 801 km (498 mi), 40 percent of the total, are in Canada.[7]

[26] Split between 102,800 km² (39,700 mi²) (about 15 percent) in Canada and 568,500 km² (219,500 mi²) (about 85 percent) in the United States.[7]

[29] To the head of the Bow River.[7]

[30] Split between 334,100 km² (129,000 sq mi) (about 99.5 percent) in Canada and 1,800 km² (690 sq mi) (about 0.5 percent) in the United States.[7]

[32] To the head of the Finlay River.[7]

[35] To the head of Churchill Lake.[7]

[37] To the head of the Bow River.[7]

[38] Split between 144,300 km² (55,700 sq mi) (about 99 percent) in Canada and 1,800 km² (690 sq mi) (about 1 percent) in the United States.[7]

[40] Split between 232,300 km² (89,700 sq mi) (about 99.7 percent) in Canada and 800 km² (310 sq mi) (about 0.3 percent) in the United States.[7]

[45] Rivers of North America lists a basin size of 154,880 square kilometres (59,800 sq mi), but this includes Lake Athabasca, the Peace–Athabasca Delta, and the basins of the Fond du Lac River and some of the other streams flowing into the lake.[26]

[50] Split between 160,600 km² (62,000 mi²) (about 88 percent) in Canada and 21,400 km² (8,300 mi²) (about 12 percent) in the United States.[7]

[53] According to the Milk River Watershed Council, a 180-km (110 mi) stretch of the river flows through Canada. This amounts to about 18 percent of the river's total length.[32]

[54] Split between 21,600 km² (8,300 mi²) (about 35 percent) in Canada and 39,600 km² (15,300 mi²) (about 65 percent) in the United States.[7]

[57] To the head of the Cat River.[7]

[59] Based on data from the years 1968–69, 73, and 75–84 at Hat Island,[35] about 200 kilometres (120 mi) from the mouth. Distance from mouth estimated with a measurement tool embedded in The Atlas of Canada topographic maps.[4]

[61] To the head of the Black Birch River.[7]

[64] Based on data from the years 1973–74, 77–79, and 83–84 at Limestone Rapids,[37] about 40 kilometres (25 mi) from the mouth.[38]

[66] To the head of Muskox Lake.[7]

[72] Split between 255 kilometres (158 mi) or about 29 percent in Canada and 635 kilometres (395 mi) or about 71 percent in the United States.[44]

[74] Split between 138,600 km² (53,500 sq mi) (about 48 percent) in Canada and 148,900 km² (57,500 sq mi) (about 52 percent) in the United States.[7]

[77] To the head of the Caniapiscau River.[7]

[79] To the head of the Ashuanipi River.[7]

[82] This is the mean discharge for a point about 100 kilometres (62 mi) from the mouth rather than at the mouth.[50]

[85] Measured by a gauge at the outlet of Marjorie Lake, about 50 kilometres (31 mi) from the mouth. Flow derived by converting km³/yr to m³/s.[52] Distance from mouth estimated with a measurement tool embedded in The Atlas of Canada topographic maps.[4]

[87] To the head of the Firesteel River.[7]

[88] Split between 106,500 square kilometres (41,100 sq mi) in Canada, about 78 percent, and 29,300 square kilometres (11,300 sq mi), about 22 percent, in the United States.[7]

[91] Split between 37,700 square kilometres (14,600 sq mi), about 52 percent, in Canada and 12,600 square kilometres (4,900 sq mi), about 48 percent, in the United States.

[92] To the head of the Megiscane River.[7]

[94] To the head of the Temiscamie River.[7]

[97] To the head of Attawapiskat Lake.[7]

[99] Based on data from the years 1967–80 and 82–84 at the source, Attawpiskat Lake, rather than at the mouth.[59]

[101] To the head of Ennadai Lake.[7]

[105] Split between 61,400 square kilometres (23,700 sq mi) in Canada, about 52 percent, and 56,500 square kilometres (21,800 sq mi), about 48 percent, in the United States.[7]

[111] To the head of the Silver Bow Creek. Length derived by adding the distance from the mouth to the head of Pend Oreille Lake, shown on topo maps as about 220 kilometres (140 mi)[66] to the length (about 480 kilometres (300 mi) of the Clark Fork River and its headwater tributary, Silver Bow Creek.[67] Of this total, only 22 km (14 mi), about 3 percent, are in Canada.[68]

[113] Split between 1,600 square kilometres (620 sq mi) in Canada, about 2 percent, and 65,000 square kilometres (25,000 sq mi), about 98 percent, in the United States.[68]

[118] To the head of the Peribonka River.[7]

[120] Measured by a gauge below the Carnwath River, about 150 kilometres (93 mi) from the Anderson River mouth. Flow derived by converting km³/yr to m³/s.[52] Distance from mouth estimated with a measurement tool embedded in The Atlas of Canada topographic maps.[4]

[122] To the head of the Ogilvie River.[7]

[124] Split between 35,000 square kilometres (14,000 sq mi) (about 63 percent) in Canada and 19,700 square kilometres (7,600 sq mi) (about 37 percent) in the United States.[7]

[maps-1] The Road Atlas. Chicago, Illinois: Rand McNally & Company. 2008. ISBN 978-0-528-93961-7.

[2] Patrick, Ruth (1995). Rivers of the United States: Volume II: Chemical and Physical Characteristics. New York: John Wiley & Sons. p. 24. ISBN 0-471-10752-2.

[ReferenceA-3] From The Atlas of Canada unless otherwise noted

[advanced_search-4] "The Atlas of Canada, Advanced Search". Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on August 25, 2011. Retrieved May 18, 2011.

[6] Measured at the mouth unless otherwise noted

[7] "Mackenzie River, Northwest Territories". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved May 18, 2011.

[Canada_Atlas-8] "Rivers". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on February 2, 2007. Retrieved May 15, 2011.

[GNIS_1981-10] "Yukon River". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. March 31, 1981. Retrieved February 4, 2011.

[13] Benke and Cushing, p. 796

[14] "Saint Lawrence River". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved February 3, 2011.

[16] "Saint Louis River". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey (USGS). January 11, 1980. Retrieved May 19, 2011.

[18] "Nelson River, Manitoba". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on June 8, 2011. Retrieved May 16, 2011.

[21] "Slave River, Northwest Territories". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved May 30, 2011.

[23] Benke and Cushing, p. 843

[gnis_Columbia_River-24] "Columbia River". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. November 28, 1980. Retrieved August 5, 2010.

[27] Benke and Cushing, p. 646

[28] "Saskatchewan River, Manitoba". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 16, 2011.

[31] "Peace River, Alberta". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 16, 2011.

[33] Benke and Cushing, p. 844

[34] "Churchill River, Manitoba". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 8, 2011.

[36] "South Saskatchewan River, Saskatchewan". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 7, 2011.

[39] "Fraser River, British Columbia". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved May 25, 2011.

[41] "North Saskatchewan River, Saskatchewan". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 16, 2011.

[42] "Ottawa River, Ontario". Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 16, 2011.

[43] "Athabasca River, Alberta". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 16, 2011.

[Benke_845-44] Benke and Cushing, p. 845

[46] "Liard River, Northwest Territories". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 12, 2011.

[Benke_815-47] Benke and Cushing, p. 815

[48] Benke and Cushing, p. 842

[49] "Assiniboine River, Manitoba". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Missing or empty |url= (help)

[gnis_Milk-51] "Milk River". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey (USGS). April 4, 1980. Retrieved February 5, 2011.

[52] "Milk River State of the Watershed Report, Part 3" (PDF). Milk River Watershed Council. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 30, 2018. Retrieved February 19, 2011.

[55] Benke and Cushing, p. 475

[56] "Albany River, Ontario". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on June 8, 2011. Retrieved May 16, 2011.

[58] SAGE: Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (February 13, 2010). "Severn". River Discharge Database. University of Wisconsin. Archived from the original on July 23, 2011. Retrieved May 23, 2011.

[60] "Severn River, Ontario". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on October 10, 2012. Retrieved May 22, 2011.

[62] SAGE: Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (February 13, 2010). "Severn". River Discharge Database. University of Wisconsin. Archived from the original on July 23, 2011. Retrieved May 23, 2011.

[63] Dymond, J.R.; Scott, W.B. (November 21, 1941). "Fishes of the Patricia Portion of the Kenora District, Ontario". Copeia. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. 1941 (4): 243. doi:10.2307/1437471. JSTOR 1437471.

[65] "Back River, Nunavut". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on June 8, 2011. Retrieved May 4, 2011.

[67] Marsh, James. "Back River". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Dominion Institute. Archived from the original on June 8, 2011. Retrieved May 3, 2011.

[68] "Thelon River, Nunavut". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 5, 2011.

[69] "La Grande Rivière" (in French). Gouvernement du Québec. Retrieved May 16, 2011.

[70] "Red River". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved January 17, 2011.

[71] "Red River of the North: A Water Trail Guide" (PDF). Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. 2010. Retrieved May 29, 2011.

[73] "Red River of the North". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey (USGS). January 1, 2000. Retrieved May 29, 2011.

[75] Benke and Cushing, p. 896

[76] "Rivière Koksoak" (in French). Gouvernement du Québec. Retrieved May 16, 2011.

[78] "Churchill River, Newfoundland and Labrador". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on August 17, 2011. Retrieved May 13, 2011.

[80] "Coppermine River, Nunavut". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved May 25, 2011.

[Coppermine_Overview-81] "Coppermine River: Overview of the Hydrology and Water Quality" (PDF). Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. July 13, 2010. pp. 1–5. Retrieved May 3, 2011.

[83] "Dubawnt River, Nunavut". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved May 22, 2011.

[RIMS_list-84] "List of Arctic RIMS Discharge Stations". University of New Hampshire. Retrieved May 22, 2011.

[86] "Winnipeg River, Manitoba". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved May 15, 2011.

[89] Benke and Cushing, p. 898

[90] "Kootenay River, British Columbia". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved May 19, 2011.

[93] "Rivière Rupert". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved May 26, 2011.

[95] "Rivière Eastmain". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on July 7, 2012. Retrieved May 26, 2011.

[96] "Attawapiskat River, Ontario". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Missing or empty |url= (help)

[98] SAGE: Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (February 13, 2010). "Attawapiskat". River Discharge Database. University of Wisconsin. Archived from the original on July 23, 2011. Retrieved May 23, 2011.

[100] "Kazan River, Nunavut". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Missing or empty |url= (help)

[102] "Red Deer River, Alberta". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved May 27, 2011.

[103] "Grande rivière de la Baleine, Quebec". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on July 7, 2012. Retrieved May 27, 2011.

[GNIS_2000-104] "Porcupine River". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. January 1, 2000. Retrieved May 21, 2011.

[106] Benke and Cushing, p. 802

[107] "Pend-d'Oreille River, British Columbia". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on December 3, 2012. Retrieved June 6, 2011.

[108] United States Geological Survey. "Hope, Idaho, quadrangle". TopoQuest. Retrieved June 6, 2011.

[109] Merriam Webster's Geographical Dictionary (3rd ed.). Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, Inc. 1998. p. 258. ISBN 0-87779-546-0.

[water_agreement-110] Swain, L.G. (August 2007). "Canada–British Columbia Water Quality Monitoring Agreement: Water Quality Assessment of Pend d'Oreille River at Waneta (1980–2006)" (PDF). British Columbia Ministry of Environment. p. 1. Retrieved June 6, 2011.

[GNIS_1980-112] "Silver Bow Creek". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. April 4, 1980. Retrieved June 6, 2011.

[114] "Waneta Hydroelectric Expansion Project EAC Application" (PDF). Government of British Columbia. May 2006. p. 12. Retrieved June 8, 2011.

[115] "Hay River, Northwest Territories". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved May 29, 2011.

[116] Benke and Cushing, p. 848

[117] "Saguenay River, Quebec". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved May 23, 2011.

[119] "Anderson River, Northwest Territories". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved May 22, 2011.

[121] "Peel River, Northwest Territories". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved May 19, 2011.

[123] Benke and Cushing, p. 850

[125] "Stewart River, Yukon". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved May 25, 2011.

[126] Benke and Cushing, p. 800

[127] "Horton River, Northwest Territories". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved May 22, 2011.

[128] Giberson, Donna J.; Shaverdo, Helena V. (Fall 2003). "Update on the survey of aquatic insects from Keewatin and Mackenzie project: The predaceous water beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Dytiscidae and Gyrinidae)". Newsletter of the Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods). University of Alberta. 22 (2). Retrieved May 27, 2011.

[129] "English River, Ontario". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved May 22, 2011.

[130] "Pelly River, Yukon". The Atlas of Canada. Natural Resources Canada. April 2, 2004. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved May 18, 2011.

List of longest rivers of Canada

Table

See also

Notes and references

Works cited