List of majority-minority United States congressional districts

A majority-minority district is an electoral district, such as a United States congressional district, in which the majority of the constituents in the district are racial or ethnic minorities (as opposed to white non-Hispanics in the U.S.). Whether a district is majority-minority is usually ascertained using United States Census data.

Majority-minority districts may be created to avoid or remedy violations of the Voting Rights Act of 1965's prohibitions on drawing redistricting plans that diminish the ability of a racial or language minority to elect its candidates of choice. In some instances, majority-minority districts may result from affirmative racial gerrymandering. The value of drawing district lines to create majority-minority districts is a matter of dispute both within and outside of minority communities. Some view majority-minority districts as a way to dilute the voting power of minorities and analogous to racial segregation; others favor majority-minority districts as ways to effectively ensure the election of minorities to legislative bodies, including the House of Representatives. Majority-minority districts have been the subject of legal cases examining the constitutionality of such districts, including Shaw v. Reno (1993), Miller v. Johnson (1995), and Bush v. Vera (1996).

Districts with an African-American majority

Population data are from 2015 Census American Community Survey One-Year Estimates.[1] Districts in the table below reflect the 114th Congress.

There is only one African American majority congressional district that is represented by a Congressman who is not African American, Rep. Steve Cohen (TN). While Cohen has made his desire to join the Congressional Black Caucus publicly known, he has not pursued membership over objections of the one of the founding members of the group.[2] All members of the Congressional Black Caucus (CBC) except one are Democratic. Although the bylaws do not specify that membership is open only to black members of Congress, prominent members of the CBC have publicly stated that they will not welcome non-black members. The only Republican African-American United States Senator, Tim Scott has chosen not to join the CBC. Stacey Plaskett, the non-voting delegate representing the Virgin Islands, is also a member of the Congressional Black Caucus.

Congressional Districts with African American Majorities or African American Members of Congress
RankPerc.StateDistrict116th Congressional Black CaucusTotal 2015Afric. Amer.
166.3%Mississippi2Bennie G. Thompson724,075480,259
265.2%Tennessee9Steve Cohen (non-member)705,879460,533
363.6%Alabama7Terri A. Sewell667,721424,814
460.5%Louisiana2Cedric Richmond791,393478,785
559.4%Georgia4Henry C. "Hank" Johnson, Jr. - Secretary746,519443,473
658.4%Georgia13David Scott755,256441,129
757.8%Georgia5Kwanza Hall736,978425,941
857.6%South Carolina6James E. Clyburn661,521381,321
957.6%Pennsylvania3Dwight Evans725,418418,109
1057.1%Virginia3Robert C. "Bobby" Scott738,228421,775
1156.5%Illinois2Robin Kelly702,674396,854
1256.1%Michigan14Brenda Lawrence -Second vice-chair695,410390,402
1355.5%Michigan13Rashida Tlaib679,235376,665
1455.2%Florida24Frederica Wilson745,862411,387
1554.0%Maryland7Kweisi Mfume729,001393,457
1653.7%Florida20Alcee L. Hastings767,766412,471
1752.9%Maryland4Anthony G. Brown745,629394,713
1852.7%New York8Hakeem Jeffries769,795405,603
1952.7%Ohio11Marcia L. Fudge704,489370,986
2052.6%Georgia2Sanford D. Bishop, Jr.683,888359,884
2152.4%North Carolina1G.K. Butterfield728,488381,897
2251.0%Illinois1Bobby L. Rush717,447366,000
2350.3%New Jersey10Donald Payne, Jr.764,684384,341
2449.7%New York9Yvette D. Clark – Member-At-Large759,225377,346
2549.6%Florida5Al Lawson743,735368,715
2649.4%North Carolina12Alma Adams793,964392,085
2749.3%New York5Gregory W. Meeks779,896384,325
2849.2%Missouri1William "Lacy" Clay, Jr.736,055361,855
2948.9%Illinois7Danny K. Davis721,321352,801
3047.4%District of ColumbiaAt largeEleanor Holmes Norton (non-voting member)672,228318,813
3143.6%Texas30Eddie Bernice Johnson754,382329,176
3238.0%Texas9Al Green782,554297,672
3436.4%Texas18Sheila Jackson Lee764,622278,538
4133.4%Wisconsin4Gwen Moore716,998239,546
4332.7%Ohio3Joyce Beatty - First vice-chair767,295250,694
5029.1%Indiana7André Carson749,776218,178
5128.8%New York13Adriano Espaillat790,434227,395
6623.7%California37Karen Bass - Chair722,781171,348
6822.6%California43Maxine Waters744,444168,304
7221.9%Missouri5Emanuel Cleaver757,920165,779
9118.2%New Jersey12Bonnie Watson Coleman751,650137,082
9717.4%California13Barbara Lee755,776131,230
10616.4%Texas33Marc Veasey740,323121,258

Districts with an Asian Pacific Islander majority, plurality, or significant minority

There are currently 45 members in the United States Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus (CAPAC). Unlike its sister groups, the Congressional Black Caucus and Congressional Hispanic Caucus, CAPAC includes members who are of API descent or represent large API populations.

The following table was lists the top 20 districts of API population.

Top 20 Congressional Districts ranked by people identified as Asian on census form
RankPerc.StateDistrictMemberTotal 2015Asian Amer.
152.9%California17Ro Khanna760,444402,466
249.5%Hawaii1Ed Case709,286[3]351,660[3]
340.4%New York6Grace Meng744,562300,927
438.2%California27Judy Chu733,239279,772
533.9%California14Jackie Speier757,062256,559
633.8%California15Eric Swalwell771,800260,823
732.5%California12Nancy Pelosi749,688243,713
831.0%California39Gil Cisneros731,324226,345
927.1%California19Zoe Lofgren765,143207,126
1025.2%Hawaii2Tulsi Gabbard725,830183,186
1124.5%California45Katie Porter771,550189,250
1222.8%California18Anna G. Eshoo738,774168,606
1322.2%Washington9Adam Smith728,262161,938
1422.0%California47Alan Lowenthal718,339158,377
1520.3%California13Barbara Lee755,776153,406
1619.6%California34Jimmy Gomez735,150144,019
1719.6%New York10Jerrold Nadler728,323142,560
1819.2%California52Scott Peters755,498145,039
1919.0%New Jersey6Frank Pallone, Jr.753,711143,071
2018.6%New York7Nydia M. Velázquez753,292140,170

Districts with a Hispanic/Latino majority

Congress has two groups for Hispanic congressmen. The Congressional Hispanic Caucus for Democrats, and Congressional Hispanic Conference for Republicans. Both groups permit delegates from territories and Senators as well as Congressmen. The Republican Conference also permits Associate members, for Representatives who are not Hispanic themselves, but have significant numbers of Hispanics in their districts. The Democratic Caucus does not permit similar associate members.

Congresswoman Loretta Sánchez has withdrawn from the Democratic caucus. Her sister Linda T. Sánchez, also a representative, withdrew temporarily, but has since rejoined.

The population data is for the 2010 census, but the congress will redistrict prior to the 2012 election. The percentages will no longer be accurate and new Hispanic Majority districts may be created.

When a non-Hispanic congressmen represents a Hispanic majority district, their name and when they began their term of service in congress is indicated. In some cases like Judy May Chu and Maxine Waters they are members of a significant non-Hispanic nonwhite group inside the district. In other cases like Jaime Herrera Beutler or Gene Green the representative is simply a different ethnicity than many of their constituents.

Congressional Districts with Hispanic Majorities or Hispanic Congressmen
RankPerc.StateDistrictCongressional Hispanic C…Total 2010Hispanic
182.5%Texas15Vicente González787,124649,297
281.5%Texas16Veronica Escobar757,427617,465
378.9%Texas28Henry Cuellar851,824672,129
478.7%California34Jimmy Gomez654,303515,167
576.0%Texas29Sylvia Garcia677,032514,861
675.6%Florida21Lois Frankel693,501524,005
775.4%California38Linda Sánchez641,410483,490
873.5%Illinois4Jesús "Chuy" García601,156442,018
973.2%Texas27Michael Cloud741,993543,306
1071.6%Florida25Mario Díaz-Balart807,176577,998
1171.5%Texas20Joaquin Castro711,705509,208
1270.4%California20Jimmy Panetta744,350523,705
1369.4%California43Maxine Waters735,581510,693
1468.5%California51Juan Vargas757,891473,224
1568.2%California31Pete Aguilar611,336417,183
1667.6%California47Alan Lowenthal631,422426,869
1766.9%Florida18Brian Mast712,790476,672
1866.5%California39Gil Cisneros643,115427,353
1966.4%Texas23Will Hurd847,651562,913
2066.1%New York15José E. Serrano731,101483,258
2162.6%California32Grace Napolitano642,236412,275
2261.6%Arizona3Raúl Grijalva698,314446,159
2357.5%California28Howard Berman (Jan 3, 2003)660,194379,697
2456.0%Arizona7Caucus (Democrat)855,769479,014
2554.5%California35Maxine Waters (Jan 3, 1991)662,413360,796
2652.7%California18Caucus (Democrat)723,607381,039
2751.8%New Mexico2Conference (Republican) Associate663,956343,856
2851.2%California21Conference (Republican)784,176401,194
2950.6%New Jersey13Caucus (Democrat)684,965346,294
3050.4%California17Sam Farr (Jun 8, 1993)664,240334,955
3545.2%California45Conference (Republican) Associate914,209413,441
3644.6%New York12Caucus (Democrat)672,358299,572
4042.4%Texas32Conference (Republican) Associate640,419271,442
4639.0%New Mexico3Caucus (Democrat)693,284270,117
5733.8%Texas19Conference (Republican) Associate698,137235,973
10720.8%Arizona2Conference (Republican) Associate972,839202,001
2139.9%Idaho1Conference (Republican)841,93083,326
2557.4%Washington3Conference (Republican)779,34857,604

Districts with an African-American plurality

Districts with a Hispanic/Latino plurality

Districts with a white plurality (majority-minority)

See also

References

  1. "2015 American Community Survey".
  2. Bacon Jr, Perry (July 20, 2010). "Black Caucus lines up for white Steve Cohen over black rival". The Washington Post.
  3. US Census Data: 2018 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=15&cd=01
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