Black conservatism in the United States

One of the main characteristics of black conservatism is its emphasis on personal choice and responsibilities above socioeconomic status and institutional racism. In the tradition of African American politics and intellectual life, black conservatives tend to side with Booker T. Washington as contrasted with W. E. B. Du Bois.[2] For many black conservatives, the key mission is to bring repair and success to the black community by applying the following fundamental principles:

• The pursuit of educational and professional excellence as a means of advancement within the society;
• Policies that promote safety and security in the community beyond the typical casting of a criminal as a "victim" of societal racism;
• Not using the lens of race and the country's history of discrimination as justifications for not excelling to the best of your abilities;
• Local economic development through free enterprise rather than looking to the federal government for assistance;
• Empowerment of the individual via self-improvement (virtue), conscience, and supernatural grace.[3]

Black conservatives typically oppose affirmative action, which is supported by the vast majority of African-American communities. They tend to argue that efforts to obtain reparations for slavery are either misguided or counter-productive. Black conservatives tend to be self-critical of aspects of African-American culture that they believe have created poverty and dependency.[4] Moreover, black conservatives – especially black Republicans – are often accused of being Uncle Toms. Ebony in their May 2001 "100+ Most Influential Black Americans" issue, did not include a number of influential African Americans such as Thomas Sowell, Shelby Steele, Armstrong Williams, Walter Williams and, most notably, Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas. The Economist described the exclusion of Justice Thomas from the list as spiteful.[5] Black conservatives favor integration of African Americans into mainstream America and, consequently, disagree with black nationalism and separatism. Black conservatives are more inclined to support economic policies promoting globalization, free trade and tax cuts.

According to a 2004 study, 13.7% of blacks identified as "Conservative" or "Extremely Conservative"[6] with another 14.4% identifying as slightly conservative. However, the same study indicated that less than ten percent identified as Republican or Republican-leaning. Likewise, a 2007 Pew Research Center survey showed that 19% of blacks identified as Religious Right.[7] In 2004, the Pew Research Center indicated only 7% of blacks identified as Republican.[8]

A National Election Pool poll showed that support for California Proposition 8 (2008) (a state constitutional amendment defining marriage as an opposite-sex union) was strong among African-American voters; 70% of those interviewed in the exit poll—a higher percentage than any other racial group—stated that they voted in favor of Proposition 8.[9] Polls by both the Associated Press and CNN mirrored this data, reporting support among black voters to be at 70%[10] and 75%,[11] respectively. African American support was considered crucial to the Proposition's passage because African Americans made up an unusually large percentage of voters in 2008; the presence of African American presidential candidate Barack Obama on the ballot was believed to have increased African American voter turnout.[12]

From Reconstruction up until the New Deal, the black population tended to vote Republican. During that period, the Republican Party—particularly in the Southern United States—was seen as more racially liberal than the Democratic Party, primarily because of the role of the Southern wing of the Democratic Party as the party of racial segregation and the Republican Party's roots in the abolitionist movement (see Dixiecrats). Blacks started to shift in significant numbers to the Democrats with the election of Franklin D. Roosevelt[13] and continued with the election of John F. Kennedy. This shift was also influenced by Herbert Hoover's practice of firing loyal African-Americans from positions within the Republican Party, in order to increase his appeal to Southern white voters.[14] This can be considered an early example of a set of Republican Party methods that were later termed the Southern Strategy.

• Juan Chastang – Mobile County Commissioner (2005–2008)

• Sharon D. Jackson – Member of the Alaska House of Representatives (2018–present)
• David S. Wilson – Member of the Alaska Senate (2017–present)
• Walt Furnace – Member of the Alaska House of Representatives (1983–1991)
• Selwyn Carrol – Member of the Alaska House of Representatives (1973–1975)

• Walter Blackman – Member of the Arizona House of Representatives (2019–present)
• Vernon Parker – Mayor of Paradise Valley, Arizona (2008–2010) and U.S. House nominee (2012)

• Acquanetta Warren – Mayor of Fontana, California (2010–present)
• Damon Dunn – California Secretary of State Nominee (2010) and Dallas Cowboys football player
• H. Abram Wilson – Mayor of San Ramon, California (2002–2007)
• Ward Connerly – University of California Regent (1993–2005)
• Frederick Madison Roberts – State Assemblyman (1919–1934)
• Rosey Grier - Retired football player, minister, actor, candidate for Governor of California (2018)
• Larry G. Meeks Director of California Department of Health Services

(1981-1990)

• William Nickerson, Jr. - Businessman, candidate for presidential elector on Republican Dewey-Bricker ticket (1944)

• Darryl Glenn – U.S. Senate nominee (2016) and member of the El Paso County Board of Commissioners (2011–present)
• Ed Jones – Colorado State Senator (2001–2007)

• George Logan – Connecticut State Senator (2017–2021)
• Aundre Bumgardner – Connecticut State Representative (2015–2017)

• Donald Blakey – Delaware State Representative (2007–2015)
• William J. Winchester – Delaware State Representative (1947–1953)

• Byron Donalds – Florida State Representative (2017–2020), United States Representative for Florida's 19th congressional district (2021–present)
• Mike Hill – Florida State Representative (2013–2017 & 2019–present)
• Peter Boulware – Florida House of Representatives nominee (2008) and Baltimore Ravens football player[17]

• Melvin Everson – Georgia State Representative (2005–2011)
• Willie Talton – Georgia State Representative (2005–2015)
• Henrietta Canty – Georgia State Representative (1990-1998)
• Vernon Jones - Georgia State Representative (1993-2001 and since 2017), previously a Democrat, he switched to Republican in January 2021

• Erika Harold – Illinois Attorney General nominee (2018), U.S. House candidate (2012/2014) and Miss America (2003)
• John D. Anthony – Illinois State Representative (2013–2016)
• Tony Childress – Livingston County Sheriff (2014–2018)
• Archibald Carey, Jr. – Chicago City Council Alderman (1947–1955)
• Arthur W. Mitchell – Committeeman
• William L. Dawson – Chicago City Council Alderman (1933–1939)

• Curtis Hill – Attorney General of Indiana (2017–present)
• Roger Brown – Indianapolis City Councillor (1993–1997) and Indiana Pacers basketball player

• Tony Barton – Kansas State Representative (2015-2017)
• Willie Dove – Kansas State Representative (2013–present)
• George W. Haley – Kansas State Senator (1964–1968)
• Patrick Penn - Elected to Kansas House of Representatives in 2020, took office in January 2021

• Charles W. Anderson – Kentucky State Representative (1936–1948)
• Anna Simms Banks – Republican Delegate (1920)
• Daniel J. Cameron - Republican Attorney General (2020–present)
• Elisha Winfield Green - Minister, Vice-President Kentucky Negro Republican Party (1867)

• Elbert Guillory – Louisiana State Senator (2009–2015) and candidate for Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana (2015)

• Aris T. Allen – Maryland State Delegate (1967–1974 & 1991), Lieutenant Governor nominee (1978) and State Senator (1979–1982)

• Michael Steele, Former Maryland Lieutenant Governor, U.S. Senate Candidate, Chairman of Republican National Committee

• Frank Cousins – Massachusetts State Representative (1993–1996) and Essex County Sheriff (1996–2018)
• Althea Garrison – Massachusetts State Representative (1993–1995)

• Paul H. Scott – Michigan State Representative (2009–2011)
• Larry Deshazor – Michigan State Representative (2009–2011)
• Bill Hardiman – Michigan State Senator (2003–2011), Mayor of Kentwood, Michigan (1992–2002) and U.S. House candidate (2010)
• Keith Butler – Detroit Councilman (1989–1993) and U.S. Senate candidate (2006)
• William Lucas – Wayne County Sheriff (1969–1982) and Governor of Michigan nominee (1986)

• Ray O. Pleasant – Minnesota State Representative (1973–1981)

• Angela McGlowan – Miss District of Columbia USA (1994) and U.S. House candidate (2010)
• Nic Lott – Chairman for the Mississippi Young Republicans
• Yvonne Brown – Mayor of Tchula, Mississippi (2001–2009) and U.S. House nominee (2006)
• Charles Evers – Mayor of Fayette, Mississippi (1969–1981 & 1985–1989)

• Shamed Dogan – Missouri State Representative (2015–present)
• Neal E. Boyd – 2008 Winner of America's Got Talent and nominee/candidate for the Missouri House of Representatives (2012/2014)
• Sherman Parker – Missouri State Representative (2002–2008)
• Carson Ross – Missouri State Representative (1989–2002) and Mayor of Blue Springs, Missouri (2008–present)

• Dinah Abrahamson – Nebraska State Central Committeewoman (2005–2013)

• Niger Innis – Director of Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) and U.S. House candidate (2014)
• Maurice Washington – Nevada State Senator (1994–2010)
• Lynette Boggs – Miss Oregon (1989), Las Vegas City Council (1999–2004), Clark County Commission (2004–2006) and U.S. House nominee (2002)

• Jim Lawrence – New Hampshire State Representative (2004–2010) and U.S. House nominee (2016)

• Antwan McClellan – State Assemblyman for the 1st Legislative District (2020–present)
• Garry Cobb – U.S. House nominee (2014) and Dallas Cowboys football player
• Bruce Harris – Mayor of Chatham Borough, New Jersey (2012–2019), member of the New Jersey State Planning Commission (2020–present)[18]
• Martin G. Barnes – Mayor of Paterson, New Jersey (1997–2002)
• Ralph L. Bradley – Mayor of East Windsor, New Jersey (1992–1995)
• James L. Usry – Mayor of Atlantic City, New Jersey (1984–1990)
• Matthew G. Carter – Mayor of Montclair, New Jersey (1968–1972)
• Walter G. Alexander – State Assemblyman (1920–1924) and Speaker of the Assembly (1921)

• Conrad James – New Mexico State Representative (2010–2012 & 2014–2016)
• Jane Powdrell-Culbert – New Mexico State Representative (2002–present)

• Rubén Díaz Sr. – New York City Councilman (2017–present), New York State Senator (2003-2017)
• Michel Faulkner – U.S. House nominee (2010) and New York Jets football player
• Roy Innis – Chairman of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) & a member of the National Rifle Association's governing board.[19][20]
• Richard E. Jackson – Commissioner of Motor Vehicles (1995–2000)
• James Garner – Mayor of Hempstead (1988–2005) and U.S. House nominee (2004)
• Edward A. Johnson – New York State Assemblyman (1918–1920)
• Joseph Holland - New York State Commissioner of Communities and Urban Renewal under George Pataki
• Randy Daniels - New York State Secretary of State
• Chris Moss- County Executive of Chemung County, former Sheriff of Chemung County, 2014 Republican nominee for Lieutenant Governor
• Keith Wofford- Attorney, 2018 Republican nominee for Attorney General
• William F. Butler - Founder of the Negro Republican Party formed after the Civil War, member, New York delegation to Republican National Convention (1872)

• Thomas Stith – Governor of North Carolina Pat McCrory's Chief of Staff (2013–2016)
• Dr. Ada Fisher – NC Republican National Committeewoman (2008–present) and U.S. House nominee (2006 & 2008)

• Robert C. Henry – Mayor of Springfield, Ohio (1966–1968)
• Jeremiah A. Brown - Elected to Ohio House of Representatives 1885
• Benjamin W. Arnett - Elected to Ohio General Assembly 1885

• T.W. Shannon – Oklahoma State Representative (2007–2015) and Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives (2013–2014)
• A. C. Hamlin – Oklahoma State Representative (1908–1910)
• J.C. Watts – US Representative (1995–2003)

• Jackie Winters – Oregon State Senator (2002–2019)

• Harry Lewis Jr. – Pennsylvania State Representative (2014–2018)
• Lynn Swann – Governor of Pennsylvania Nominee (2006) and Pittsburgh Steelers football player[21]
• Renee Amoore – Pennsylvania's Republican State Committeewoman (1992–2000)
• Timothy DeFoor - Pennsylvania Auditor General (2021-Present)

• Samuel Rivers Jr. – South Carolina State Representative (2012–2018)
• Charmeka Childs – Deputy Superintendinent of Education (2010–2014)
• Tim Scott - United States Senator (2013-present), United States Representative (2011-2013), South Carolina State Representative (2009-2011)

• Tony Randolph – South Dakota State Representative (2018–present)

• Charles Drew – Tennessee State Representative (1983–1988)

• Scott Turner – Texas State Representative (2013–2017) and Denver Broncos football player
• Stefani Carter – Texas State Representative (2011–2015)
• James White – Texas State Representative (2011–present)
• Michael L. Williams – Commissioner of the Texas Education Agency (2012–2015), Chairman of the Texas Railroad Commission (1999–2011) and U.S. House candidate (2012)
• Robin Armstrong – Vice Chairman of the Republican Party of Texas (2006–2010)
• Ron Givens – Texas State Representative (1985–1989)
• Clay Smothers – Texas State Representative (1977–1981)

• Alvin B. Jackson – Utah State Senator (2013–2016)
• Burgess Owens – United States Representative for Utah's 4th congressional district (2021–present)
• James Evans – Utah State Senator (2002–2004) and Chairman of the Utah Republican Party (2013–2017)

• E.W. Jackson – Lieutenant Governor of Virginia Nominee (2013)
• Octavia Johnson - Sheriff of Roanoke (2005-2013)
• Winsome Sears – Virginia State Delegate (2002–2004) and U.S. House nominee (2004)
• Paul Clinton Harris – Virginia State Delegate (1998–2002)
• Noel C. Taylor – Mayor of Roanoke, Virginia (1975–1992)

• Michael Ross – Washington State Representative (1971–1973)
• Charles Stokes – Washington State Representative (1951–1959)

• Caleb Hanna – West Virginia State Delegate (2018–present)
• Jill Upson – West Virginia State Delegate (2014–2018)

• Lynn Hutchings – Wyoming State Representative (2012–2014) & Wyoming State Senator (2018–present)

• Angela Tucker – Texas District Court Judge (2012–present)
• Clarence Thomas – Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (1991–present)
• Dale Wainwright – Associate Justice of the Texas Supreme Court (2003–2012)
• David W. Williams – Judge of the United States District Court for the Central District of California (1969–2000)
• George C. Hanks, Jr. – Justice on the Texas state First Court of Appeals (2010–2015) & Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas (2015–present)
• Janice Rogers Brown – Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of California (1996–2005) & U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (2005–2017)
• Jerome Holmes – United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit
• Kevin A. Ross – Judge of the Los Angeles County Superior Court (1996–2005) & Judge on America's Court with Judge Ross (2010–present)
• Kurtis T. Wilder – Justice of the Michigan Supreme Court (2017–2018)
• Lynn Toler – Arbitrator on the court series Divorce Court (2001–present)[22]
• Robert P. Young, Jr. – Justice of the Michigan Supreme Court (1999–2017) & Chief Justice of the Michigan Supreme Court (2011–2017)
• Sarah J. Harper – Ohio Court of Appeals (1990–2003)[23]
• Wallace Jefferson – Associate Justice of the Texas Supreme Court (2001–2004) & Chief Justice of the Texas Supreme Court (2004–2013)
• Barrington D. Parker - United States District Judge, United States District Court for the District of Columbia (1969-1985)

• Edward J. Perkins – United States Ambassador to the United Nations (1992–1993)
• Eric M. Bost – United States Ambassador to South Africa (2006–2009)
• George Washington Williams – United States Ambassador to Haiti (1885, never served)
• Mifflin Wistar Gibbs – American Consul to Madagascar (1897–1901)
• Archibald Grimke - Lawyer, journalist, diplomat, American Consul to Dominican Republic (1894-1898), Vice-president, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and president of the Washington, D.C. chapter

• Anthony Brian Logan - Commentator and professional speaker.
• Amy Holmes – News anchor and political contributor on CNN
• Armond White – Film critic for National Review and Out Magazine
• Armstrong Williams – Author of Beyond Blame and TV host of On Point[24]
• Brandon Tatum - Commentator and professional speaker.
• Candace Owens – Writer and commentator
• Carol M. Swain – television personality and professor of political science and law at Vanderbilt University
• Charles Blain – Activist, writer, and commentator[25][26][27][28][29]
• Charles Payne – Fox News and Fox Business journalist
• CJ Pearson – Journalist
• C.L. Bryant – TV host
• Deneen Borelli – Author, columnist, and Fox News contributor
• Diamond and Silk (Lynnette Hardaway and Rochelle Richardson) – Live-stream video bloggers, political activists and Newsmax TV hosts
• George Schuyler – Journalist
• Philippa Schuyler - Pianist, author, journalist
• Hallie Quinn Brown – Author
• Harris Faulkner – Television host for Fox News
• James Golden – Producer for The Rush Limbaugh Show (under the alias "Bo Snerdley")
• Reverend Jesse Lee Peterson – President of the Brotherhood Organization of a New Destiny[30]
• Jason Riley – Journalist
• Katrina Pierson – Tea Party activist, communications consultant and a regular CNN contributor
• Larry Elder – Author of 10 Things You Can't Say in America and radio host[31]
• Lawrence B. Jones – Radio host, contributor to TheBlaze, and author
• Lenny McAllister – Author of Diary of a Mad Black PYC (Proud Young Conservative) and radio talk-show host from WVON-AM Chicago[32]
• Lester Holt – News anchor at NBC News, a registered Republican since 2003[33]
• Michael King – Emmy Award-winning television producer
• Michelle Bernard – Journalist
• Nannie Helen Burroughs – Author
• Paris Dennard – Commentator on CNN and NPR, and the Senior Director of Strategic Communications for the Thurgood Marshall College Fund
• Raynard Jackson – Columnist and TV political analyst
• Shelby Steele – Author
• Shirley Husar – Writer
• Samantha Marika - Political commentator
• Tamera Mowry-Housley – Actress best known for co-starring in the sitcom Sister, Sister
• Tommy Sotomayor – Radio and internet talk show host, YouTube personality, men's rights activist and film producer[34]
• Tony Brown – Journalist and host of Tony Brown's Journal
• Ben Kinchlow - Evangelist, television and radio personality
• Jason Whitlock - Sports Journalist, radio personality, commentator and writer.
• Lawrence Dennis - Mixed-race, diplomat, consultant, author

• Lieutenant Colonel Frances Rice – Chairwoman of the National Black Republican Association
• Major General Mary J. Kight – Adjutant General of California (2010–2011)[35][36][37]
• Lieutenant General Russel L. Honoré[38]

• Deroy Murdock – National Review columnist
• Ken Hamblin – Denver Post columnist
• Robert A. George – Columnist for the New York Post
• Stephen L. Carter – Christianity Today columnist, author of The Culture of Disbelief
• Sophia A. Nelson – Chair of PoliticalIntersection.com and politicalintersection.blogspot.com
• Star Parker – President of the Coalition on Urban Renewal and Education, columnist & author
• Thomas Sowell – Hoover Institute fellow and Author of Basic Economics
• Walter E. Williams – Author of More Liberty Means Less Government

• Bo Jackson – NFL Football player and MLB Baseball player
• Bryan Clay – Decathlete
• Burgess Owens – NFL Football player
• Cowboy Troy – Country rapper[39]
• David Tyree – NFL Football player
• Don King – Boxing promoter
• Ernie Banks – MLB baseball player[40]
• Greg Anthony – NBA Basketball player
• Herschel Walker – NFL Football player
• Kevin and Keith Hodge – Prominent YouTube commentators, comedians, and trainers.
• Jackie Robinson – MLB Baseball player
• James Brown – Musician. Openly endorsed Richard Nixon at the 1972 presidential election and named Strom Thurmond as one of his heroes during a 1999 interview with Rolling Stone.[41][42]
• Jimmie Walker – Actor
• Joe Louis – Professional Boxer
• Johnny Mathis – Singer
• Joseph C. Phillips – Actor[43]
• Joy Villa – Singer. Promoted and supported Donald Trump's presidency in 2017.[44]
• Kanye West – Rapper and record producer. Endorsed Donald Trump subsequently to the 2016 presidential election. Met President Trump in the Oval Office on 11 October 2018.
• Karl Malone – Olympic Gold medallist and basketball player[45]
• Kenny Washington – First black player to join the National Football League after it lifted its thirteen-year ban on black players in 1946
• Lil Wayne - Rapper
• Mike Jones – WWF wrestler
• Nolan Carroll – NFL Football player and son of Jennifer Carroll, Lieutenant Governor of Florida
• Pearl Bailey – Actress and singer
• Ronnie Lott – NFL Football player
• Sheryl Underwood – Comedian
• Stacey Dash – Actress
• Thurman Thomas – NFL Football player[46]
• Tony Dungy – NFL Football player and coach
• Wilt Chamberlain – NBA Basketball player
• Lionel Hampton - Musician, delegate to several Republican National Conventions

• Alveda King – Niece of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and senior fellow at the Alexis de Tocqueville Institution
• Arthur Fletcher – Academic
• Booker T. Washington – Academic
• Chris Darden - Attorney
• George Washington Carver – Inventor
• Herman Cain – Former CEO of Godfather's Pizza, talk show host and one-time presidential candidate
• Joshua I. Smith – Businessman
• Marvin Scott – Academic
• Michelle Bernard – President and CEO of the Independent Women's Forum
• Dr. Mildred Fay Jefferson – First African American to graduate from Harvard Medical School
• Samuel B. Fuller – Businessman
• Stephen N. Lackey – Businessman
• Vernon Robinson – Academic
• Vern S. Williams – Member of the National Mathematics Advisory Panel

• Eldridge Cleaver – Leader of the Black Panther Party who later became a Conservative Republican.
• James Meredith – Civil rights campaigner, who served as domestic adviser to Jesse Helms
• James Weldon Johnson – Activist, served as treasurer of Colored Republican Club
• Octavius Catto – Civil rights activist
• Scipio Africanus Jones – Activist
• Dr. T. R. M. Howard – Leader in the Civil Rights Movement
• Bayard Rustin - Civil Rights activist who became neoconservative in later life
• Michael the Black Man - Maurice Woodside, activist
• James David Manning - Pastor, activist
• Bishop Eddie Long - Pastor, activist
• Enrique Tarrio - Henry "Enrique" Tarrio, identifies as Afro-Cuban, activist
• Frederick Douglass - Abolitionist, editor, orator, statesman