List of massacres in Romania
The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in the territory of present-day Romania (numbers may be approximate):
Name | Date | Present location | Deaths | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Siculeni massacre | 7 January 1764 | Siculeni, Harghita County | 400 Székelys | Memorial plaque unveiled on the spot in 1899 mentions 200 victims. |
Revolt of Horea, Cloșca and Crișan | late 1784 | primarily Hunedoara County, Alba County, and Arad County, to a lesser extent also Brașov County, Sibiu County, Cluj County, Timiș County | About 4000 victims. | Mostly Hungarian nobles and Hungarian civilians in towns were targeted in a total of 133 settlements. Further thousands were forcedly converted to Romanian Orthodoxy.[1] |
Mihalț massacre | 2 June 1848 | Mihalț, Alba County | 12 armed Romanian peasants | After an illegal attack on a noble estate in the village, thousands of armed peasants from Obreja, Cistei, and Crăciunelu de Jos gathered to refuse the entry of the imperial investigative committee, and the entry of the official regiment sent by Anton von Puchner, commander in chief of the Austrian troops in Transylvania. The resulting armed clash killed 12 Romanian peasants and 1 Hungarian soldier. This was the first Transylvanian armed conflict in 1848 and played a major role in the exacerbation of political-ethnic differences in the region. |
Geoagiu massacre | October 1848 | Geoagiu, Hunedoara County | 85 ethnic Hungarians[2] | Mostly civilians |
Bucerdea Vinoasă massacre | October 1848 | Bucerdea Vinoasă, Alba County | 73 ethnic Hungarians[3] | Mostly civilians |
Stremț massacre | October 1848 | Stremț, Alba County | 25 ethnic Hungarians[4] | Local noble families |
Alba Iulia massacre | October 1848 | Alba Iulia, Alba County | 42 ethnic Hungarians | Civilians[5] |
Grindeni massacre | October 1848 | Grindeni, Mureş County | 200 ethnic Hungarians | Civilians[6] |
Lunca Mureşului massacre | October 1848 | Lunca Mureşului, Mureş County | 60 ethnic Hungarians | Civilians[7] |
Haţeg massacre | October 1848 | Haţeg, Hunedoara County | 15 ethnic Hungarians | Civilians massacred on the order of the Romanian Orthodox priest.[8] |
Ocna Mureş massacre | October 1848 | Ocna Mureş, Alba County | 90 ethnic Hungarians | Civilians living in the town[9] |
Micăsasa massacre | October 1848 | Micăsasa, Sibiu County | 150 ethnic Hungarians | All locals except for one family were massacred[10] |
Sângătin massacre | 14 October 1848 | Sângătin, Sibiu County | 140–175 ethnic Hungarians | Mostly civilians |
Zlatna massacre | 22–24 October 1848 | Zlatna, Alba County | 8–10 Romanian spearmen 700 ethnic Hungarians | All the Hungarian civilians fled from the town but were raided near the village Presaca Ampoiului and were all massacred. The town was completely destroyed[11][12][13] |
Ighiu massacre | 29 October 1848 | Ighiu, Alba County | 200 ethnic Hungarians | The entire Hungarian population of the village, except for the Hungarian priest was massacred.[14] |
Bochia massacre | 30 October 1848 | Bochia, Arad County | 30 ethnic Hungarians[15] | Mostly civilians |
Unirea massacre | 13 November 1848 | Unirea, Alba County | 200 ethnic Hungarians[16] | The whole village was destroyed and most civilians massacred |
Aiud massacre | 8–17 January 1849 | Aiud, Alba County | 800–1,000 ethnic Hungarians | Mostly civilians. The whole city with the ancient Bethlen College was burned and destroyed.[17] Mass rape and torture.[18] |
Iara massacre | 15 and 17 January 1849 | Iara, Cluj County | 150 ethnic Hungarians and 33 ethnic Romanians | Civilians[19] |
Benic massacre | January 1849 | Benic, Alba County | 400 ethnic Hungarians[20] | By the order of the Romanian Greek Catholic priest, the entire Hungarian population was wiped out[21] |
Heria massacre | January 1849 | Heria, Alba County | 18 ethnic Hungarians | |
Abrud massacre | 9 and 17 May 1849 | Abrud, Alba County | 1100–1200 ethnic Hungarians | Mass torture and rape. Casualties were mostly miners and officers and their families.[22] |
Buceşi massacre | 9 May 1849 | Buceş, Hunedoara County | 200 ethnic Hungarians | |
Massacres during the Peasants' Revolt | March-April 1907 | Western Moldavia and southern Wallachia | cca. 11,000 peasants | Peasants rebelling against economic conditions killed in various places across the country |
Galați massacre (1916) | 13 June 1916 | Galați, Galați County | 9 workers | Workers participating in an anti-war demonstration shot by the army |
Lăzarea massacre | 22 September 1916 | Lăzarea, Harghita County | 8 Hungarian civilians | The leadership of the village was shot in a mass grave without trial, further 57 civilians only escaped because a high-ranking officer arrived and stopped the massacre.[23] |
Theater's Square massacre | 13 Decembrie 1918 | Bucharest | up to 102 workers | Striking workers shot by the army |
Tărcaia and Grădinari massacres | 19 Apr 1919 | Tărcaia and Grădinari, Bihor County | 108 ethnic Hungarians | All civilians.[24] |
Lupeni massacre | 6 August 1929 | Lupeni, Hunedoara County | 22 workers | Striking workers shot by the army and the gendarmerie |
Grivița massacre | 16 February 1933 | Bucharest | 7 workers | Striking workers shot by the army and the gendarmerie |
Galați massacre (1940) | 30 June 1940 | Galați, Galați County | 80 to 400 Bessarabian and Jewish refugees | Bessarabians returning home and Jewish Romanians wanting to escape the anti-Semitic regime shot while waiting to cross into the Soviet Union |
Dorohoi pogrom | 1 July 1940 | Dorohoi, Botoșani County | 53 | Jewish community in Dorohoi claims the death toll between 165 and 200.[25] |
Nușfalău massacre | 8 September 1940 | Nușfalău, Sălaj County | 11 | |
Treznea massacre | 9 September 1940 | Treznea, Sălaj County | 93 | |
Ip massacre | 14 September 1940 | Ip, Sălaj County | 157 | 158, including an unborn child[26] |
Jilava massacre | 26 November 1940 | Jilava, Ilfov County | 64 | |
Bucharest pogrom | 22 January 1941 | Bucharest | 120 | Other five Jews were missing and presumed dead.[27] |
Iași pogrom | 29 June - 6 July 1941 | Iași, Iași County | 13,266 Jews | Under the direction of Marshal Ion Antonescu, one third of the city's Jewish population was exterminated |
Aita Seacă massacre | 4 September 1944 | Aita Seacă, Covasna County | 13–100 ethnic Romanians and 13 ethnic Hungarians | |
Luduș massacre | 5–13 September 1944 | Luduș, Mureș County | 13 Jews | |
Sărmașu massacre | 17 September 1944 | Sărmașu, Mureș County | 126 Jews | |
Hărcana massacre | 24 September 1944 | Hărcana, Cluj County | 18 ethnic Romanians | |
Various massacres by the Maniu Guard | September–October 1944 | Northern Transylvania | 49 ethnic Hungarians | Mihăileni, Gheorgheni, Sândominic, Zimbor, Aghireş, Huedin |
Moisei massacre | 14 October 1944 | Moisei, Maramureș County | 29 | Two men were also seriously injured.[28] |
Eugen Grigore case | July 1974 | Ciurea, Iași County | 24 Gypsies | Around 50 other people were also injured.[29] |
Romanian Revolution of 1989 | 16–25 December 1989 | Main Romanian cities | 1,104 | |
Ethnic clashes of Târgu Mureș | 19–21 March 1990 | Târgu Mureș, Mureș County | 5 | Hundreds of people were also wounded. |
June 1990 Mineriad | 13–15 June 1990 | Bucharest | 6–100 | |
September 1991 Mineriad | 25–28 September 1991 | Bucharest | 4 | |
Hădăreni riots | 20 September 1993 | Hădăreni, Mureș County | 3 | |
Săpoca Hospital massacre | 18 August 2019 | Săpoca | 8 | A 38-year-old man hospitalised at The Săpoca Hospital killed 5 people and hurt 8 with an infusion stand |
References
- Dr. Kosztin Árpád, Az Erdélyben elkövetett magyarellenes román kegyetlenkedések időrendje és leltára, Budapest, 2000, pp. 13.
- Gracza György, History of the 1848-49 Hungarian War of Independence, Budapest, 1894, Volume II, pp. 424.
- Gracza György, History of the 1848-49 Hungarian War of Independence, Budapest, 1894, Volume II, pp. 424.
- Verzeichniss der, während der jüngsten Revolution im Kronlande Siebenbürgen auf verschiedene Weise gefallenes Menschenopfer. Wien, 1851, 24–25. o.
- Gracza György, History of the 1848-49 Hungarian War of Independence, Budapest, 1894, Volume II, pp. 337.
- Gracza György, History of the 1848-49 Hungarian War of Independence, Budapest, 1894, Volume II, pp. 424.
- Gracza György, History of the 1848-49 Hungarian War of Independence, Budapest, 1880, pp. 424.
- Gracza György, History of the 1848-49 Hungarian War of Independence, Budapest, 1894, Volume II, pp. 376.
- Gracza György, History of the 1848-49 Hungarian War of Independence, Budapest, 1894, Volume II, pp. 376.
- Jakab Elek, The War of Independence, Budapest, 1894, Volume II, pp. 385.
- Gracza György, History of the 1848-49 Hungarian War of Independence, Budapest, 1894, Volume II, pp. 420.
- Jancsó Benedek, History and Current State of Romanian Irredentist Movements, Budapest, 1896, Volume II, pp. 682.
- Horváth Mihály, History of the War of Independence of Hungary, Budapest, 1894, Volume II, pp. 405.
- Gracza György, History of the 1848-49 Hungarian War of Independence, Budapest, 1894, Volume II, pp. 420.
- Gracza György, History of the 1848-49 Hungarian War of Independence, Budapest, 1894, Volume II, pp. 424.
- Gracza György, History of the 1848-49 Hungarian War of Independence, Budapest, 1894, Volume II, pp. 424.
- Jancsó Benedek, History and Current State of Romanian Irredentist Movements, Budapest, 1896, Volume II, pp. 682.
- Kemény Gábor, Nagy-Enyednek és vidékének veszedelme 1848-49-ben : történeti vázlat, Pest, 1863, pp. 347-348.
- Gracza György, History of the 1848-49 Hungarian War of Independence, Budapest, 1894, Volume III, pp. 433.
- Gracza György, History of the 1848-49 Hungarian War of Independence, Budapest, 1894, Volume II, pp. 424.
- Jancsó Benedek, History and Current State of Romanian Irredentist Movements, Budapest, 1896, Volume II, pp. 695.
- Gracza György, History of the 1848-49 Hungarian War of Independence, Budapest, 1894, Volume IV, pp. 433.
- Láng Melinda: Szépapám rossz időben rossz helyen... Az 1916-os gyergyószárhegyi tragédia http://www.muvelodes.ro/index.php/Cikk?id=1178
- Eva Nyari, Le Moment de L'éternite, Paris, 2014, pp. 18.
- I. Scurtu, C-tin Mocanu, Doina Smarcea, Documente privind istoria României între anii 1918–1944, Didactic and Pedagogical Publishing House, Bucharest, 1995, pp. 529–530
- Dr. Petre Țurlea, Ip și Trăznea: Atrocități maghiare și acțiune diplomatică, Encyclopedic Publishing House, Bucharest, 1996
- Iaacov Geller, Rezistența spirituală a evreilor români în timpul Holocaustului, pp. 430–431, Hasefer Publishing House, 2004
- Gheorghe Coman, Pe urmele eroilor de la Moisei, Limes Publishing House, Cluj-Napoca, 2000
- "Cine a fost, de fapt, Eugen Grigore? Povestea nefardată a criminalului omagiat de galeria Stelei" [Who was, in fact, Eugen Grigore? The unadulterated story of the murderer honored by Steaua's gallery] (in Romanian). Gsp.ro. 28 September 2012. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
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