List of massacres in Azerbaijan

The following lists are of massacres that have occurred in Azerbaijan (numbers may be approximate).

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Before 1988
Name Year Date Location Deaths Targeted group Notes
Battle of Ganja (1804) 1804 February Ganja 3,000[1] – 7,000[2] Azerbaijani inhabitants of Ganja Civilians were massacred during the capture of the city by the Russians; some of the captured soldiers were executed[3]
Armenian–Tatar massacres of 1905–1907 1905–1907 February Baku; Nakhichevan; Shusha; Tiflis 3,000–10,000 Armenians, Azerbaijanis
Shamkhor Massacre 1918 January Şəmkir 1,000 armed Russian soldiers Russian soldiers killed by Azerbaijani nationalists[4][5][6]
March Days 1918 March 30–April 2 Azerbaijan 12,000–25,000 Azerbaijanis Azerbaijanis and other Muslim civilians were killed by members of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation and Bolsheviks.[8]
September Days 1918 September Baku 10,000–15,000 Armenians Armenians killed by the Army of Islam;[9][10]
Khaibalikend Massacre 1919 June 5–7 Nagorno-Karabakh 600–700 Armenians Armenians killed by armed ethnic Azerbaijani and Kurdish irregulars and Azerbaijani soldiers;[11] Villages of Khaibalikend, Jamillu, Karkujahan and Pahliul were destroyed[12][13]
Agulis Massacre 1919 December 24-25 Yuxarı Əylis 1,400 (Per Armenian government claim)[14] Armenians Early 20th century Anti-Armenian massacre of the Armenian population of Agulis by the Turkish army accompanied by the Azerbaijani refugees from Zangezur which resulted in the destruction of the town of Agulis.[15] [16]
Shusha pogrom 1920 March 22–26 Shusha 500–20,000[17][18] Armenians Armenians killed by Azerbaijanis;
1920 Ganja Revolt 1920 June Ganja 15,000 Azerbaijanis Bolsheviks slaughtered civilians including women and children after the capture of rebel Ganja. Many women were raped and Koran were burnt.[19][20]

Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict

The following is a list of massacres and pogroms, which took place in the course of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War between Armenians and Azerbaijanis.

Name Year Date Location Deaths Targeted group Notes
Sumgait pogrom 1988 February 27–March 1 Sumgait 32 (26 Armenians and 6 Azerbaijanis)[21] Armenians Armenians killed by Azerbaijanis; 20 ambulances were destroyed,[22] and reports detail widespread rape,[23] mutilation, robberies, and disembowling of fetuses[24][25]
Violence in Shusha and Stepanakert 1988 September 18–20 Shusha, Stepanakert 1 Armenians, Azerbaijanis Violence in Shusha & Stepanakert and expulsion of the Azerbaijani minority in Stepanakert & Armenian minority in Shusha. 33 Armenians and 16 Azerbaijanis were wounded, more than 30 houses had been set on fire, and a 61-year-old Armenian was killed.[26][27][28]
Kirovabad pogrom 1988 November Kirovabad 7 (3 Soviet soldiers, 3 Azerbaijanis and 1 Armenian)[29]
 Armenians Azeri-led pogrom directed against Armenian inhabitants of Kirovabad (now Ganja)
Baku Pogrom 1990 January 13 Baku 90 Armenians Armenians killed by Azerbaijanis; many incidents of rape, robbery, and torture;[30] 700 injured.[31][32]
Black January 1990 January 19–20 Baku, Azerbaijan 133–137 Peaceful protesters of the Azerbaijani national independence movement Killed by Soviet troops; ambulance workers rushing to help the wounded and random by-passers, including women and children, among the dead
Bağanis Ayrum massacre 1990 March 26 Bağanis Ayrum 11 Azerbaijanis Azerbaijanis killed by Armenian Troops[33]
Malibeyli and Gushchular Massacre 1992 February 10–12 Malibeyli, Ashaghi Gushchular, Yukhari Gushchular villages of Shusha District 8 (per Helsinki Watch)[34]
15-50 (per Azerbaijani sources)[35]		 Azerbaijanis Azerbaijanis killed by Armenian irregular armed units.[34]
Garadaghly Massacre 1992 February 17 Garadaghly 20–90 Azerbaijanis Azerbaijanis killed by Armenian Troops[36]
Khojaly Massacre 1992 February 25–26 Khojaly, Azerbaijan At least 200+[37][38] (per Human Rights Watch)

613[39] (per Azerbaijan)

 Azerbaijanis Azerbaijanis killed by Armenian Troops.
Agdaban massacre 1992 April 8 Agdaban 30+ Azerbaijanis Azerbaijanis killed and over a hundred tortured by the Armenian army[40]
Maraga Massacre 1992 April 10 Maraga 40–100 Armenians Armenians killed (many decapitated); corpses buried in a mass grave outside the village.[41]
Capture of Shusha 1992 May 8–9 Shusha 193 (per Azerbaijan)[42] Azerbaijanis Azerbaijanis killed by Armenians
Bombardment of Stepanakert 2020 September 27–November 9 Stepanakert 13 Armenians Armenians killed by Azerbaijanis, 51 injured
Bombardment of Tartar 2020 September 28–November 10 Tartar District 17 Azerbaijanis Azerbaijanis killed by Armenians, 63 injured
Ganja missile attacks 2020 October 4–17 Ganja 26 Azerbaijanis Azerbaijanis killed by Armenians, 125 injured
Barda missile attacks 2020 October 27–28 Barda 26 Azerbaijanis Azerbaijanis killed by Armenians, 83 injured

References
  1. Peter Avery; William Bayne Fisher, Gavin Hambly, Charles Melville (1991-10-25). The Cambridge history of Iran: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic. Cambridge University Press. p. 332. ISBN 978-0-521-20095-0.
  2. Mansoori, Firooz (2008). "17". Studies in History,Language and Culture of Azerbaijan (in Persian). Tehran: Hazar-e Kerman. p. 245. ISBN 978-600-90271-1-8.
  3. THE SIEGE AND ASSAULT OF FORTRESS GANJA ,(in Russian)
  4. The formation of the Soviet Union: communism and nationalism, 1917-1923 By Richard Pipes - page 103
  5. the Modern encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet history, Volume 39 by Joseph L. Wieczynski - page 170
  6. Wladimir S. Woytinsky: La Democratie. p. 113
  7. Michael Smith. "Pamiat' ob utratakh i Azerbaidzhanskoe obshchestvo/Traumatic Loss and Azerbaijani. National Memory". Azerbaidzhan i Rossiia: obshchestva i gosudarstva (Azerbaijan and Russia: Societies and States) (in Russian). Sakharov Center. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
  8. "New Republics in the Caucasus". The New York Times Current History. 11 (2): 492. March 1920.
  9. Hovannisian. Armenia on the Road to Independence, p. 227.
  10. Human Rights Watch. Playing the "Communal Card": Communal Violence and Human Rights. New York: Human Rights Watch, 1995.
  11. Hovannisian, Richard. The Republic of Armenia: Vol. I, The First Year, 1918-1919. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971, pp. 176-177, notes 51-52.
  12. (in Armenian) Vratsian, Simon. Հայաստանի Հանրապետութիւն (The Republic of Armenia). Paris: H.H.D. Amerikayi Publishing, 1928, pp. 286-87.
  13. Hovannisian. Republic of Armenia, Vol. I, p. 181.
  14. Hovannisian, Richard G. (1982). The Republic of Armenia, Vol. II: From Versailles to London, 1919-1920. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 207–238. ISBN 0-520-04186-0.
  15. Bert Vaux (2008). Zok: The Armenian dialect of Agulis (PDF). In between Paris and Fresno: Armenian studies in honor of Dickran Kouymjian. pp. 283–301. city of Agulis, located in southeastern Nakhichevan. Following the massacre of the Armenian population of Agulis by the Turkish army in 1919
  16. Mikail Mamedov (20 November 2018). "Reading the novel Stone Dreams on the 100th anniversary of the "Great Catastrophe"". Cambridge University Press. The novel also refers to the massacre committed by Turkish troops on Christmas of 1919 in the midst of the Armenian Genocide, 1915–1923. At that time, Turkish commander Adif-bey ordered the mass execution of the Armenian population in the author's home village Aylis (Agulis in Armenian). Almost all Armenians were killed, with the exception of a few young girls who by the late 1980s had turned into gray-haired women
  17. Richard G. Hovannisian. The Republic of Armenia, Vol. III: From London to Sèvres, February–August 1920
  18. Thomas de Waal. Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan through Peace and War. ISBN 0-8147-1944-9
  19. The I.L.P.'s ALLIES. Soviet Massacre in the Caucasus // Western Gazette. — 1920. — 1 June. — page 12.
  20. 15,000 massacred // Cheltenham Chronicle. — 1920. — 2 June. — page 4
  21. "The Nagorny Karabakh conflict: origins, dynamics and misperceptions". c-r.org. Archived from the original on 5 July 2010.
  22. (in Russian) "Сумгаит, Один месяц поздно" ("Sumgait, One Month Later"). Moskovskiye Novosti. April 13, 1988.
  23. Shahmuratian. Sumgait Tragedy, Interview with Levon Akopyan, p. 227.
  24. Lee, Gary. "Eerie Silence Hangs Over Soviet City." Washington Post. September 4, 1988. p. A33. Retrieved August 24, 2012.
  25. Ein Volk, ein Land. DER SPIEGEL 13/1988
  26. "Карабах: хронология конфликт" [Karabakh: Chronology of the conflict]. BBC Russian (in Russian). BBC. August 29, 2005. Archived from the original on July 11, 2012. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
  27. Gha-ra-bagh!: The Emergence of the National Democratic Movement in Armenia, By Mark Malkasian, Wayne State University Press, 1996, pp. 143-144
  28. Thomas de Waal: "Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War". New York University Press, p. 46, 2003.
  29. Parks, Michael (November 27, 1988). "Soviet Tells of Blocking Slaughter of Armenians: General Reports His Soldiers Have Suppressed Dozens of Massacre Attempts by Azerbaijanis". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  30. Committee on the elimination of discrimination against women
  31. Europa World Year: Book 1 - Page 638, Taylor & Francis Group
  32. Thomas de Waal: Black Garden - Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War. New York University Press, 2003, p. 90
  33. Qazaxın işğal altında olan 7 kəndi haqqında nə bilirik? - (FOTOLAR+İLK DƏFƏ)
  34. Denber, Rachel; Goldman, Robert K. (1992). Bloodshed in the Caucasus: escalation of the armed conflict in Nagorno Karabakh. Praeger Publishers. pp. 24–27. ISBN 0-275-96241-5. Retrieved 2010-12-20. Kalbajar.
  35. Denber, Rachel; Goldman, Robert K. (1992). Bloodshed in the Caucasus: escalation of the armed conflict in Nagorno Karabakh. Praeger Publishers. pp. 24–27. ISBN 0-275-96241-5. Retrieved 20 December 2010.
  36. "Letter dated 20 May 2005 from the Permanent Representative of Azerbaijan to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 May 2009. Retrieved August 24, 2012.
  37. "Human Rights Watch World Report 1993 – The Former Soviet Union". Hrw.org. Archived from the original on 18 February 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
  38. Human Rights Watch/Helsinki (Organization : U.S.) (1994). Azerbaijan : Seven years of conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh. Panico, Christopher., Rone, Jemera., Human Rights Watch (Organization). New York: Human Rights Watch. ISBN 1-56432-142-8. OCLC 32207851.
  39. "United Nations Security Council: Letter Dated 7 October 2001 from the Permanent Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations Addressed to the President of the Security Council". International Legal Materials. 40 (5): 1281. September 2001. doi:10.1017/s0020782900020878. ISSN 0020-7829.
  40. "Kəlbəcər - dağların əhatəsindəki zəngin rayon". bbc.com. BBC Azerbaijani service. 25 November 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
  41. Cox, Caroline and John Eibner. Ethnic Cleansing in Progress: War in Nagorno Karabakh. Zurich and Washington D.C.: Institute for Religious Minorities in the Islamic World, p. 58, 1993.
  42. Rafiqoğlu, Aqşin (6 May 2010). "Şuşanın işğalı ilə bağlı beynəlxalq təşkilatlara bəyanat ünvanlanıb" [A statement was made to international organizations on the occupation of Shusha] (in Azerbaijani). ANS Press. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
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