List of shipwrecks in 1885

The list of shipwrecks in 1885 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during 1885.

table of contents
1885
Jan Feb Mar Apr
May Jun Jul Aug
Sep Oct Nov Dec
Unknown date
References

January

3 January

List of shipwrecks: 3 January 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Mary Celeste  United States The brigantine was deliberately wrecked on the Rochelois Bank, off Gonâve Island, Haiti.

8 January

List of shipwrecks: 8 January 1885
ShipCountryDescription
René  France The barque struck the Helwick Bank, in the Bristol Channel and subsequently drove ashore at Overton, Glamorgan, United Kingdom with the loss of four of her nine crew. She was on a voyage from Cardiff, Glamorgan to Arcachon, Gironde.[1]

12 January

List of shipwrecks: 12 January 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Canoese  United Kingdom The Liverpool barque was wrecked on the Kentish Knock.[2]

14 January

List of shipwrecks: 14 January 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Eleanor  United Kingdom Two London and North Western Railway steamers Eleanor and Stanley collided in Holyhead harbour. Eleanor was nearly cut in two and drifted ashore. No lives were lost.[3]

15 January

List of shipwrecks: 15 January 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Admiral Moorsom  United Kingdom The passenger paddle steamer collided with Santa Clara (flag unknown) and sank in the Irish Sea off Arklow, Ireland.

16 January

List of shipwrecks: 16 January 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Cordella  United Kingdom The Penzance vessel went ashore and became a total wreck in St Bride's Bay, West Wales. The crew were saved.[4]
Olivia  United Kingdom The schooner was driven on to rocks and became a total wreck while entering Sunderland harbour.[5]

24 January

List of shipwrecks: 24 January 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Maryse  United Kingdom The fishing-boat was swamped in the North Sea about 3 miles (4.8 km) off Stonehaven, Scotland. Four of the six crew drowned.[6]

25 January

List of shipwrecks: 25 January 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Elise  Belgium The steamer ran aground at Killard Point, Ballyhornan, Ireland, and was wrecked.[7]

26 January

List of shipwrecks: 26 January 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Saapmeer The schooner was wrecked off the Backpools, near Banff, Scotland.[8]

29 January

List of shipwrecks: 29 January 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Wellington  Canada The Windsor, Nova Scotia barque grounded one mile (1.6 km) up the River Yealm, south Devon, while en route for New York from Havre with iron ore and empty petroleum oil barrels. The captain was "habitually drunk" and when 400 miles (640 km) from the Isles of Scilly shot two of the sixteen crew before being disarmed. The barque headed for the nearest port and while under tow by Scotia (flag unknown), broke the towline and drifted up river.[9][10]

Unknown date

List of shipwrecks: Unknown date in January 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Bordein Siege of Khartoum: the vessel was holed when she struck a rock in the River Nile and was abandoned. Men, guns and stores were all landed.[11]
St John  United Kingdom A telegram from Albany, estimates the loss of the steamer destroyed by fire is $200,000.[6]
Tellhoweiya Siege of Khartoum: the steamer sank between two rocks in the River Nile below Jebel Royan, Sudan. Guns, baggage, crew and soldiers were put on a large unmasted nuggar.[11]

February

1 February

List of shipwrecks: 1 February 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Petrellen  Norway The new Penzance lifeboat Dora ( Royal National Lifeboat Institution), on the lifeboat′s first rescue, took eight of the vessels crew off on 31 January and left her riding at anchor in ballast at Long Rock. The captain and mate remained on board. The crew returned the next day and the Porsgrunn barquentine beached near Chyandour, Mount's Bay, Cornwall.[12][13][14][15]

6 February

List of shipwrecks: 6 February 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Spanker  United Kingdom The Glasgow barque went ashore on Harlech beach, Wales and became a complete wreck. Four of the crew drowned.[16]

15 February

List of shipwrecks: 15 February 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Teng Ch'ing  Imperial Chinese Navy Sino-French War, Battle of Shipu: The sloop-of-war was sunk in Shipu Bay near Ningbo, China, by spar torpedoes employed by two torpedo boats from the ironclad Bayard ( French Navy).[17]
Yuyuen  Imperial Chinese Navy
French Navy torpedo boat attacking Yuyuen.
Sino-French War, Battle of Shipu: The frigate was sunk in Shipu Bay near Ningbo, China, by spar torpedoes employed by two torpedo boats from the ironclad Bayard ( French Navy).[18]

16 February

List of shipwrecks: 16 February 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Holmhurst  United Kingdom The cargo ship collided with Westerland ( Belgium) and foundered 7 nautical miles (13 km) south of the Eddystone Lighthouse with the loss of four of her crew.[19]

20 February

List of shipwrecks: 20 February 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Camilla  United Kingdom The Cork brigantine was wrecked in Tramore Bay. The crew of nine lost their lives.[20]
Rosendale  United Kingdom The schooner was driven on to Holyhead Breakwater and is expected to become a total wreck. The crew escaped.[20]
Unnamed  Austria-Hungary The barque was driven ashore on the Waterford coast with the loss of her crew of fifteen.[20]
Unnamed A large steamer was driven ashore on the bar at Creadenhead on the Waterford coast.[20]
Venus  United Kingdom The vessel went ashore and broke up on the Longcliff rocks, County Waterford, with the probable loss of the crew.[20]

22 February

List of shipwrecks: 22 February 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Vale of Calder  United Kingdom The Liverpool steamer, from its home port to Limerick with a general cargo, foundered 10 miles (16 km) west of Barnsey The seventeen crew and four passengers took to the ship's boat and were picked up by Cheerful (flag unknown) and landed at Falmouth, Cornwall.[21]

Unknown date

List of shipwrecks: Unknown date
ShipCountryDescription
Benwell Tower  United Kingdom The vessel left Baltimore on 20 January and foundered in the Atlantic Ocean. All the crew were saved except the second mate and one seaman.[22][23]
Mary Coad  United Kingdom The Padstow schooner sank after a collision off Hasborough while carrying coal for Pool from the Firth of Forth. The crew survived.[16]

March

4 March

List of shipwrecks: 4 March 1885
ShipCountryDescription
River Lagan  United Kingdom The barque was wrecked on Islas Año Nuevo, Argentina. Her eighteen crew survived.[24]
John Henry  United Kingdom The 31 ton lighter sank after striking the Rae, a sunken rock off the Lowlands, St Keverne, while carrying manure from Penryn to Porthleven. The crew took to the boat and reached Falmouth.[25]

5 March

List of shipwrecks: 5 March 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Tonquin  France The ocean liner, chartered to the French Government as a troop transport, sank off Málaga, Spain, after colliding with another French steamer. The master and 23 of the crew drowned.[26][27]

11 March

List of shipwrecks: 11 March 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Unknown vessel The Liverpool steamer Bear reported the funnel and two masts of a small steamer above water on a reef on the south-west corner Cumbrae head.[28]

13 March

List of shipwrecks: 13 March 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Kate Isle of Man The fishing lugger – registered in Peel, Isle of Man, owned by John Tear and others, and crewed by Scotsmen, the majority of them from Skye and unable to speak English – left Peel on the evening of 12 March heading to Kinsale, Ireland, to fish there, but sometime during the night collided with the steamer Caledonian ( United Kingdom – apparently bound for Silloth in Cumbria, England – some miles west of the Calf of Man. The force of the collision was so great that Kate sank in a few minutes, carrying down with her four of her crew. The remainder were picked up by Caledonian and landed at Silloth.[29]

20 March

List of shipwrecks: 20 March 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Hirondelle  United Kingdom The Brixham brigantine sank after a collision with the barquentine Mary Ann, north-east of Lundy. Hirondelle was carrying coal from Cardiff to Dakar and sank five minutes after the collision. The seven crew were landed at Cardiff by the Mary Ann.[30]
Rhondda  United Kingdom The crew of the Rhondda were landed at Cardiff, after their vessel sank following a collision with Brooklyn City between Holmes and the Lightship.[31]

28 March

List of shipwrecks: 28 March 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Lin Yun  Qing Dynasty The Chinese ferry-steamer was cut in two by the Ocean Steamship Company's steamer Oroates on the Huantupa River in China. The ferry was carrying about 100 passengers and twelve crew and all but 32 passengers and seven crew survived.[32]
Nan B  United States The 25.30-ton schooner sank sprang a leak while taking on ballast during a gale on the southeast point of Chernaburna Island (renamed Cherni Island in 1936) in the Gulf of Alaska off the Alaska Peninsula and sank. Her crew of three survived.[33]

29 March

List of shipwrecks: 29 March 1885
ShipCountryDescription
French Van Gilder  United States Carrying a cargo of granite paving stones, the 129-foot (39 m), 239-ton schooner was wrecked without loss of life on Tuckernuck Shoal in Nantucket Sound off the coast of Massachusetts at 41°24.1′N 070°13′W.[34]

Unknown date

List of shipwrecks: Unknown date 1885
ShipCountryDescription
No. 45  French Navy The torpedo boat sank in a storm.[35]
Queen of Devon  United Kingdom The Plymouth brig sank off Swansea after a collision with a steamer. The crew survived.[36]
Unnamed  France Three transports and an American barque sank during a severe gale at Tamatave, Madagascar. Seventeen lives were lost.[37]
Unnamed  United States The barque sank during a severe gale at Tamatave.[37]

April

6 April

List of shipwrecks: 6 April 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Ayrshire  United Kingdom The steamer was wrecked in Cloughay Bay while en route from Bilbao to Glasgow. One man drowned.[38]

14 April

List of shipwrecks: 14 April 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Rainbow  United States The whaling bark was crushed by ice off the Bering Sea coast of the Russian Empire near Cape Navarin (62.2778°N 179.0961°E / 62.2778; 179.0961 (Cape Chiniak)) and sank in 20 minutes.[39]

15 April

List of shipwrecks: 15 April 1885
ShipCountryDescription
J. R. Jolley  United States The steamer sank while tied up to the bank in Big Bayou Jessie. Two crew killed.[40]

17 April

List of shipwrecks: 17 April 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Ransome  United Kingdom The 85-ton steamer hit the Low Lee rocks off Mousehole, Cornwall, England. With pumps working on full, she sank just a few metres short of Penzance harbour, her captain′s home town. Within six days bad weather had destroyed the wreck.[13]

23 April

List of shipwrecks: 23 April 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Charles George  United Kingdom The 193-ton brigantine – owned by Charles Odell – collided with the 2,983-ton P&O liner Cathay ( United Kingdom) at 2:50 a.m. in the English Channel off Beachy Head, Sussex, England. She sank within four minutes with the loss of her captain William Thomas Odell (Charles Odell's brother), William Penn Odell (son of William Thomas Odell), crew members Henry Woodford and Ernest Adams, and a passenger, John Kearley; all the dead were from Newport, Isle of Wight. Three men were rescued; Fred Churchill of Sandown swam to Cathay and was picked up, James Wallace of Cowes and Henry Jennings of Landport were rescued by boats from Cathay.[41]

Unknown date

List of shipwrecks: Unknown date 1885
ShipCountryDescription
No. 46  French Navy The torpedo boat foundered while under tow.[35]

May

8 May

List of shipwrecks: 8 May 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Helvetia  Belgium The steamer sank in the Atlantic Ocean near Scatarie Island, Nova Scotia, Canada.[7]

10 May

List of shipwrecks: 10 May 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Thorsgere  United Kingdom The barque carrying timber for Whitehaven was driven ashore onto a sandbank in Whitehaven roads. The Whitehaven lifeboat rescued the crew.[42]

30 May

List of shipwrecks: 30 May 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Kate Moffatt  United States The tug ran aground in Lake Huron off Blur Point, three miles (4.8 km) above New Presque Isle Light, in dense fog. She then caught fire and burned to the waterline. Her machinery and boilers were salvaged in 1886.[43][44]
Teucer  United Kingdom The Liverpool vessel, carrying tobacco, was wrecked off Ushant while en route from Singapore to Amsterdam. The crew and passengers were saved.[45][46]

June

8 June

List of shipwrecks: 8 June 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Earl of Lonsdale  United Kingdom The Newcastle ship was carrying cotton seed from Alexandria, Egypt, to Portishead, Somerset, England, and was wrecked in Smith Sound, off the Troy Town maze, St Agnes, Isles of Scilly, in thick fog.[47][48] The master had thought his ship was to the west of, and ten miles south of, the Bishop Rock in the Isles of Scilly.[49]

11 June

List of shipwrecks: 11 June 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Montana  United States Carrying 73 passengers, a cargo of 500 tons of general merchandise, and a crew of 23, the 628-gross register ton bark was wrecked without loss of life on the Nushagak River in the Territory of Alaska due to an error by her pilot.[50]

24 June

List of shipwrecks: 24 June 1885
ShipCountryDescription
City of Tokio  United States The steamer was wrecked on rocks in thick weather near Sagama Light, 22 miles (35 km) from Yokohama, Japan. The vessel broke up in a typhoon a week later.[51][52]

25 June

List of shipwrecks: 25 June 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Conqueror  United Kingdom The barquentine collided with Alert ( United Kingdom) and sank in the Firth of Clyde 8 nautical miles (15 km) north north west of Sanda Island. She was on a voyage from Ardrossan, Ayrshire to Dublin.[53]

Unknown date

List of shipwrecks: Unknown date in June 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Renard  French Navy The sloop-of-war was wrecked off Aden.[54]
Slieve More  United Kingdom The full-rigged ship was destroyed by fire in the Indian Ocean.[55]
Speke Hall  United Kingdom The Hall Line steamer from Liverpool and Cardiff to Bombay sank during a cyclone in the Gulf of Aden. Only one crew out of 35 survived.[56]

July

20 July

List of shipwrecks: 22 July 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Cheerful The steamer sank 19 miles (31 km) north northwest of St Ives, Cornwall, UK. A mineral, abhurite, formed from the reaction between seawater and the cargo of tin ingot, has been found on the wreck.[57][58]

22 July

List of shipwrecks: 22 July 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Unidentified schooner The yawl Zephyr launched to the aid of a stranded schooner on the Lower Barber Sand by the crew of the Caister Lifeboat resulting in the loss of eight out of the fifteen crew.

23 July

List of shipwrecks: 23 July 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Corisco  United Kingdom The Elder Dempster 1,856 GRT passenger-cargo ship was wrecked at the mouth of the River Cess in Liberia.[59]

August

10 August

List of shipwrecks: 10 August 1885
ShipCountryDescription
George and Susan  United States During a gale, the 343-ton whaling bark dragged her anchor, collided with the whaling bark Mabel ( United States), and was driven ashore and wrecked at Wainwright Inlet on the Chukchi Sea coast of the Territory of Alaska. The revenue cutter USRC Thomas Corwin ( United States Revenue-Marine) rescued all but three members of the crews of George and Susan and Mabel.[60]
Mabel  United States After the whaling bark George and Susan ( United States) dragged her anchor during a gale and collided with Mabel – a 188-ton whaling bark with 35 crewmen aboard – Mabel also dragged her anchor and was driven ashore and wrecked at Wainwright Inlet on the Chukchi Sea coast of the Territory of Alaska. The revenue cutter USRC Thomas Corwin ( United States Revenue-Marine) rescued all but three members of the crews of George and Susan and Mabel.[50]

15 August

List of shipwrecks: 15 August 1885
ShipCountryDescription
City of Manatee  United States The vessel sank off Pickens Point, Pensacola, Florida.[61]

September

8 September

List of shipwrecks: 8 September 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Bob Hackett  United States The tug was sunk in a collision with St. Magnus ( United States) near the head of Bois Blanc Island in the Detroit River in 16 feet (4.9 m) of water. Her boiler and engine salvaged in May 1886, rest of the wreck was blown up with dynamite.[62][63]

16 September

List of shipwrecks: 16 September 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Unknown schooner  United States The wrecking schooner was sunk in a collision with the tug Fanny P. Sheer ( United States) in the harbor of New York City. Two crewmen reported missing.[64]

17 September

List of shipwrecks: 17 September 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Orient  United States The barge, under tow of Ranger ( United States), lost her towline off the bar at Galveston, Texas, went ashore and was wrecked. Five crew died.[65]

29 September

List of shipwrecks: 29 September 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Elizabeth Graham  United Kingdom The London barque grounded on the Seven Stones Reef between Cornwall, England, and the Isles of Scilly. She later was refloated.[49]

Unknown date

List of shipwrecks: Unknown date 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Sweepstakes  Canada
The wreck of Sweepstakes on 30 May 2009
The schooner sank at Big Tub Harbour, Tobermory, Ontario sometime in September following damage sustained at Cove Island in August 1885.[66]

October

6 October

List of shipwrecks: 6 October 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Amethyst  United States The 356.2-ton, 102-foot (31.1 m) whaling bark was last sighted in the Bering Sea north of Saint Lawrence Island bound for San Francisco, California. She was never heard from again. Her wreck was discovered on Castle Rock in the Territory of Alaska′s Shumagin Islands in September 1887, but the bodies of the 43 men who had been aboard – her crew of 38 and five survivors of the whaling bark Rainbow ( United States), which had been crushed by ice in the Arctic Ocean off Russia on 14 April 1885 – were never found.[67][39]

November

1 November

List of shipwrecks: 1 November 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Frank Moffatt  United States The tow steamer's boiler exploded at Sombra, Ontario and she was wrecked, sinking in the Saint Clair River. Her engine was salvaged on 1 December and the wreck was blown up with dynamite. Wreckage removed by Canadian Government in 1888. Five crewmen died.[68][69]
Unknown dredge  United States The steam dredge, under tow of C. C. Wait ( United States), sank, possibly from a boiler explosion, between New York City and Providence, Rhode Island. Lost with all five or six hands.[70]

6 November

List of shipwrecks: 6 November 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Mountain Girl  United States The steamer sank in a collision with James W. Gaff ( United States) in the Ohio River 2 12 miles (4.0 km) above Rising Sun, Indiana. Two passengers died.[71]

7 November

List of shipwrecks: 7 November 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Algoma Canada
The wreck of Algoma

The steamer was wrecked in Lake Superior off Isle Royale, Michigan, United States, with the loss of 46 lives. The vessel's machinery was removed and the wreck was blown up in July 1886.[72][73]

8 November

List of shipwrecks: 8 November 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Brooklyn  United Kingdom The steamer was wrecked on Anticosti Island, Quebec, with no loss of life.[74]

18 November

List of shipwrecks: 18 November 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Malta  United Kingdom The ship was wrecked near Sandy Hook, New Jersey, United States.[75]

19 November

List of shipwrecks: 19 November 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Guadaloupe  United States The ship was wrecked on Barnegat and crew was not rescued for 42 days.[76]

21 November

List of shipwrecks: 21 November 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Atlantic  United States The steamer burned and sank in the Ohio River near Neville, Ohio. Her fireman died.[77]
Iberian  United Kingdom The cargo ship ran aground and was wrecked on the south coast of Ireland.[78]

22 November

List of shipwrecks: 22 November 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Mary  United States The 18.26-ton, 48.4-foot (14.8 m) sloop dragged her anchors during a gale and was wrecked at Point Retreat (58°24′45″N 134°57′15″W), the northernmost point on Admiralty Island in the Alexander Archipelago in Southeast Alaska. Her entire crew of three survived.[50]

23 November

List of shipwrecks: 23 November 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Cornelius Grinnell  United States The barge, under tow by the tug America ( United States), was cut loose in a storm 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) below Highland Light off Cape Cod, Massachusetts. She and her entire crew of three were assumed to be lost.[79]

24 November

List of shipwrecks: 24 November 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Malta  United States The 1,600-ton iron-hulled sailing ship — a former steamer — was wrecked 100 yards (91 m) off Belmar, New Jersey, during a storm with the loss of one life. There were 23 survivors. Her wreck sank in 20 feet (6.1 m) of water.[80]

26 November

List of shipwrecks: 26 November 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Emma Graham  United States The steamer sank at Ripley Landing on the Ohio River below Parkersburg, West Virginia. Her fireman died.[81]

December

4 December

List of shipwrecks: 4 December 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Wakefield  United Kingdom The passenger-cargo ship collided with the passenger-cargo ship Chester ( United Kingdom) and sank. Her stewardess drowned.[49]

5 December

List of shipwrecks: 5 December 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Dorie Emory  United States The tug's boiler exploded off Fifty-Seventh Street, New York City in the North River. All four crew were killed.[82]
Oconto  United States The steamer was wrecked in a gale/snowstorm on Charity Island, Michigan. The ship's cook died of fright, while the rest of her crew and passengers were ferried to the island in her boat. She floated off on 6 April 1886, drifted 20 miles (32 km) and sank in Saginaw Bay near North Island in 14 feet (4.3 m) of water.[83][84]

14 December

List of shipwrecks: 14 December 1885
ShipCountryDescription
George Franklin  United States The lighter, under tow of Star ( United States), sank 34 mile (1.2 km) east south east of Robbin's Reef. Her captain drowned.[85]

17 December

List of shipwrecks: 17 December 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Sussex  United Kingdom The cargo ship was stranded on Seal Rock in the Isles of Scilly near the Maiden Bower while travelling at normal cruising speed in heavy fog. Her crew abandoned ship safely, and she broke up in heavy seas during the night of 4–5 January 1886.[49]

23 December

List of shipwrecks: 23 December 1885
ShipCountryDescription
West Jersey  United States The ferry boat, under tow of F. W. Vosburg ( United States), sank 15–18 miles (24–29 km) north of Barnegat, New Jersey. Her captain died.[86]

30 December

List of shipwrecks: 30 December 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Unidentified cutter  United Kingdom A local cutter capsized off Yellow Ledges in the Isles of Scilly with the loss of one life while on her way to the assist the stranded steamer Sussex ( United Kingdom) at Seal Rock.

Unknown date

List of shipwrecks: Unknown date 1885
ShipCountryDescription
Aggie  United States The steamboat sank in the Missouri River at Kansas City, Kansas.[87]
Alaska  United States The 138-ton two-masted schooner was lost in the Bering Sea.[67]
Gale  United States The 273-ton whaling bark was lost at Saint Lawrence Island in the Bering Sea.[60]
J.W.J.  United Kingdom The pilot vessel collided with Sea Fisher ( United Kingdom) in the Bristol Channel and sank. Sea Fisher rescued her four crew members.[1]
Napoleon  United States The 306-ton bark was lost in the Bering Sea.[33]
Peacedale Unknown The schooner was lost at Ocean Grove, New Jersey.[88]
Quebec  Canada The steamer sank in the Great Lakes sometime in 1885. Raised, repaired and returned to service in 1886.[89]
Rainier  United States The 51.55-ton bark was lost in the Arctic.[39]
Red Jacket  Portugal The clipper ship was driven ashore at the Madeira Islands in the Atlantic Ocean in a gale.[90]
Wallace New Zealand
Wallace
The ship was driven ashore at Greymouth, New Zealand.

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Ship events in 1885
Ship launches: 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890
Ship commissionings: 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890
Ship decommissionings: 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890
Shipwrecks: 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890
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