List of the largest trading partners of Canada

This is a list of the largest trading partners of Canada. Canada is considered to be a trading nation as its total trade is worth more than two-thirds of its GDP (the second highest level in the G7 after Germany).[1][2][3]

NAFTA leaders Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper, Mexican President Peña Nieto, and U.S. President Barack Obama, 2014.

Historically, the issue of Canada's largest trade partners, and dependence on particular markets, has been a major political issue. At the time of Confederation in 1867, the United Kingdom was by far Canada's largest trading partner, reflecting the close historical, cultural, and institutional ties within the British Empire. Over time, more and more of Canada's trade was proportionally done with the United States. Various governments hoped to strengthen or reverse this trend, by changing tariff policy either to one of Imperial Preference with the British, Reciprocity with the National Policy of internal development. The 1891 and 1911 elections were fought partly over the issue of closer trade relationships with the British. Following the Civil War, the United States emerged as Canada's largest trading partner. By the time the United Kingdom joined the European Economic Community in 1973, the idea of the UK as an alternative to the USA as Canada's largest market was no longer viable. Canada and the United States signed the Free Trade Agreement in 1988 (which was expanded into NAFTA by the addition of Mexico in 1994). Since that time the United States has dominated Canadian trade by an overwhelming degree. After the Wars, trade with Asia began to expand, especially China. After the opening of Canada–People's Republic of China relations in 1970, trade with China has expanded rapidly.

The 20 largest trade partners of Canada represent 94.0% of Canada's exports, and 91.9% of Canada's imports as of December 2016.[4] These figures do not include services or foreign direct investment.

The largest partners of Canada with their total trade (sum of imports and exports) in millions of Canadian Dollars for calendar year 2019 are as follows:[5]

Rank	Territory	Exports	Imports	Total trade	Trade balance
-	World	592,552.8	601,303.7	1,193,856.5	-8,750.9
1	United States	446,950.5	304,845.3	751,795.8	+142,105.2
-	European Union	48,196.4	77,197.9	125,394.3	-29,001.5
2	China	23,249.1	74,992.7	98,241.9	-51,743.6
3	Mexico	7,319.4	36,911.9	44,231.3	-29,592.5
4	Japan	12,522.8	16,518.1	29,040.8	-3,995.3
5	United Kingdom	19,807.5	9,191.9	28,999.5	+10,615.6
6	Germany	6,293.1	19,224.4	25,517.6	-12,931.3
7	South Korea	5,485.0	9,620.0	15,105.0	-4,135.0
8	Italy	3,241.0	9,452.6	12,693.5	-6,211.6
9	France	3,636.1	8,687.8	12,323.9	-5,051.7
10	India	4,782.1	5,457.1	10,239.3	-675.0
11	Netherlands	5,183.5	4,663.7	9,847.3	+519.8
12	Belgium	3,118.2	4,963.1	8,081.3	-1,844.9
13	Taiwan	2,040.6	5,968.0	8,008.6	-3,927.4
14	Vietnam	993.1	6,986.0	7,979.1	-5,992.9
15	Brazil	2,254.0	5,398.1	7,652.1	-3,144.1
16	Switzerland	1,434.4	4,946.0	6,380.4	-3,511.6
17	Saudi Arabia	2,819.1	3,294.6	6,113.7	-475.5
18	Spain	1,503.8	3,477.5	4,981.3	-1,973.7
19	Thailand	895.1	3,744.1	4,639.2	-2,849.0
20	Australia	2,257.5	2,337.0	4,594.5	-79.5
-	Rest of the world	36,766.9	60,623.8	97,390.4	-23,856.9