Mafenide

Mafenide (INN; usually as mafenide acetate, trade name Sulfamylon) is a sulfonamide-type medication used as an antibiotic. It was approved by the FDA in 1948.

Mafenide
Clinical data
Trade namesSulfamylon
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
Routes of
administration		Topical
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.004.843
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC7H10N2O2S
Molar mass186.23 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
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Uses

Mafenide is used to treat severe burns.[1][2] It is used topically as an adjunctive therapy for second- and third-degree burns. It is bacteriostatic against many gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Some sources state that mafenide is more appropriate for non-facial burns, while chloramphenicol/prednisolone or bacitracin are more appropriate for facial burns.[3]

Mechanism of action

Mafenide works by reducing the bacterial population present in the avascular tissues of burns and permits spontaneous healing of deep partial-thickness burns.

Adverse reactions

Adverse reactions can include superinfection, pain or burning upon application, rash, pruritus, tachypnea, or hyperventilation. Mafenide is metabolized to a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, which could potentially result in metabolic acidosis.

Drug interactions

There are no significant interactions.

Contraindications

Mafenide is contraindicated in those with sulfonamide hypersensitivity or renal impairment.

Dosage

For use as adjunctive therapy for second- and third-degree burns to prevent infection, adults and children should apply topically to a thickness of approximately 1.6 mm to cleaned and debrided wound once or twice per day with a sterile gloved hand. The burned area should be covered with cream at all times.

References
  1. Siuda J. F.; Cihonski C. D. (1972). "New compounds: carbamate derivatives of mafenide (homosulfanilamide)". J. Pharm. Sci. 61 (11): 1856–1857. doi:10.1002/jps.2600611143. PMID 4652670.
  2. Haynes B. (1971). "Mafenide acetate in Burn Treatment". New England Journal of Medicine. 284 (23): 1324. doi:10.1056/NEJM197106102842310. PMID 5576444.
  3. Haik J, Ashkenazy O, Sinai S, et al. (November 2005). "Burn care standards in Israel: lack of consensus". Burns. 31 (7): 845–9. doi:10.1016/j.burns.2005.04.012. PMID 15967581.
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