Maxim (magazine)

Maxim was founded by Felix Dennis in 1995[4] and expanded to the United States in 1997.[5]

Maxim has expanded into many other countries, including Australia.

In 1999, MaximOnline.com (now maxim.com) was created.[6] It contains content not included in the print version, and focuses on the same general topics, along with exclusive sections such as the "Girls of Maxim" galleries and the "Joke of the Day". "Maxim Video" contains video clips of interviews, music videos, photo shoots, and original content.

On April 2002, Editorial Televisa published the Spanish-language edition of Maxim magazine for Latin America and the Hispanic communities of the United States, its first cover was Chilean actress Leonor Varela.

On February 5, 2005, Maxim Radio, featuring male-oriented talk programming, debuted on Sirius Satellite Radio. Following the Sirius-XM merger in late 2008, the Maxim brand was dropped, and the channel is now known as Sirius XM Stars Too.

On June 5, 2006, the magazine announced plans to build a casino on the Las Vegas Strip north of Circus Circus, but the casino plan failed after local condominium owners complained that the proposed casino would ruin their view. The land was sold to MGM Mirage.[7]

On June 15, 2007, private equity firm Quadrangle Group, along with long-time media executive Kent Brownridge, announced the acquisition of the parent company of Maxim, Blender, Stuff, and MaximOnline.com in the United States, under the name Alpha Media Group. As of April 23, 2009, Dennis Publishing has announced that it will no longer produce a print edition of Maxim in the UK, though the website for the UK version will remain.

In July 2009, Maxim partnered with the UFC for the first-ever Maxim UFC Octagon Girl Search at the UFC Fan Expo;[8] 40 girls participated in the contest, and the winner was Natasha Wicks.[9]

Quadrangle Group gave up on its investment in Alpha Media Group in August 2009, making Cerberus Capital Management the majority partner. In 2013, Alpha announced the sale of Maxim to the newly created Darden Media Group, but Darden was unable to raise the money.[10][11] Calvin Darden, Jr. was later charged with fraud relating to the transaction.[12]

Between 2010 and 2012, Maxim eliminated two issues, going from 12 issues a year to 10, and decreased its circulation numbers by 20%, from a reported 2.5 million to only 2.0 million.[13]

Maximum Warrior debuted in 2011, as an online reality competition that tests 10 of America's most elite military operators in 10 military-inspired challenges. The videos are available online and on the Maxim app on Xbox Live.[14] Several episodes feature Dakota Meyer, Maxim's military advisor.[15] Maximum Warrior is produced by Grand Street Media.[16]

On February 27, 2014, entrepreneur Sardar Biglari, the founder of Biglari Holdings and Biglari Capital, purchased Maxim. "We plan to build the business on multiple dimensions," he said at the time, "thereby energizing our readership and viewership." In September 2014, he hired Kate Lanphear, former style director of Elle and T: The New York Times Fashion Magazine, as editor, in an attempt to remake it as a luxury, lifestyle, and fashion journal, at an annual salary that was thought to be more than $700,000.[17] During Lanphear's tenure, the September 2015 issue featured actor Idris Elba on its cover, marking the first time that the magazine did not have a woman on the cover.[18] Lanphear left the magazine in November 2015.[19]

In January 2016, Biglari officially took over as editor-in-chief of Maxim, though a Maxim staffer said that the new masthead title just formalizes what has always been clear; Biglari exercises full editorial control over Maxim. At one point last year, the staffer said, Biglari decided to throw out a nearly complete version of the December issue to completely redesign the magazine.[20] On January 13, 2016, Gilles Bensimon joined Biglari as a special creative director. "What drew me to Maxim was Sardar's vision for the brand," said Bensimon.[21]

In 2019, shortly after being acquired by Biglari, Maxim (Alpha Media Group) has stopped paying vendor invoices, and all contact information for their finance/accounting/legal teams has been removed. Maxim currently has several lawsuits pending, including cCity marshals currently trying to track them down, for large amounts of unpaid fees due to vendors and contract workers.

The Black Crowes

In 2004, the Gender Issues Centre, an on-campus feminist organization at Lakehead University in Thunder Bay, Ontario, protested an on-campus "Thunder Bay Boob Idol" event sponsored by Maxim and Coors Light. The Centre described Maxim as consisting of "sexist bravado and racist imagery".[22] In 2006, Alok Jha of The Guardian criticized Maxim for encouraging excessive alcohol consumption and sexual objectification of women.[23]

In June 2007, Israeli diplomat David Saranga invited Maxim to the country. In what came to be known as "beers and babes", the magazine did photo shoots of near-naked Israeli women who serve in the army. The campaign drew an angry reaction from lawmaker Colette Avital, a former diplomat who served as Israel's consul-general in New York City in the 1990s.[24] Prof. John H. Brown of Georgetown University described the spread as the first event in a new branch of public diplomacy.[25]

In February 2008, Maxim was criticized by The Black Crowes for rating their upcoming CD, Warpaint, without hearing the entire album.[26] Black Crowes manager Pete Angelus said, "Maxim's actions seem to completely lack journalistic integrity and intentionally mislead their readership." According to Crowes, the magazine stated in an email, "Of course, we always prefer to [sic] hearing music, but sometimes there are big albums that we don’t want to ignore that aren’t available to hear, which is what happened with the Crowes. It’s either an educated guess preview or no coverage at all, so in this case we chose the former." The magazine's editorial director James Kaminsky later apologized, stating, "It is Maxim's editorial policy to assign star ratings only to those albums that have been heard in their entirety. Unfortunately, that policy was not followed in the March 2008 issue of our magazine and we apologize to our readers."[27] Facing more criticism over rating albums without listening to them, Maxim magazine maintains it was previewing CDs in its March 2008 issue, not reviewing them, and the mistake was to include star ratings.[28]

In December 2019, Presto Media Productions, criticized the "Maxim Cover Girl 2019" competition with an independent documentary created by model, actress, and producer Valentina Lucia Faltoni. Her documentary is visible on Vimeo and it is titled: "The Ugly $ide of Beauty Conte$t$"[29]

Maxim has launched international editions of its magazines since 1995. Most recently, it has launched its 26th and 27th international[30] editions in Serbia and Greece, where it is published by Attica Media. Notably, the magazine has been circulating editions in South Korea, Indonesia, India (defunct), Japan, Portugal (as Maxmen), the United States, Thailand, France (as Maximal), Russia,[31][32] Turkey, Serbia, Greece,[33] Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Argentina, Canada, Poland, Brazil, Germany, Australia,[34] Mexico, and the Philippines (defunct).

Each year since 2000, Maxim has released the Maxim Hot 100. The winners and their corresponding ages and the year in which the magazine was released are listed below. The winners of the Hot 100 are often a contested matter, since individual tastes regarding attractiveness vary widely from person to person.

Year	Choice	Age	Occupation	Notes
2000	Estella Warren	21	Actress/model	[36]
2001	Jessica Alba	20	Actress	Youngest winner.[37]
2002	Jennifer Garner	30	Actress	First time anyone has debuted on the list at number one.[38]
2003	Christina Aguilera	22	Singer	[39]
2004	Jessica Simpson	24	Singer/Actress	[40]
2005	Eva Longoria	30	Actress	[41]
2006	Eva Longoria	31	Actress	First and only woman to win twice (in a row). / Oldest winner.[42]
2007	Lindsay Lohan	21	Actress/Singer	[43]
2008	Marisa Miller	29	Model	Second time anyone has debuted on the list at number one.[44]
2009	Olivia Wilde	25	Actress	[45]
2010	Katy Perry	25	Singer	[46]
2011	Rosie Huntington-Whiteley	24	Model/Actress	Third time anyone has debuted on the list at number one.[47]
2012	Bar Refaeli	26	Model	[48]
2013	Miley Cyrus	20	Actress/Singer	[49]
2014	Candice Swanepoel	25	Model
2015	Taylor Swift	25	Singer
2016	Stella Maxwell	25	Model	Fourth time anyone has debuted on the list at number one.[50]
2017	Hailey Baldwin	20	Model
2018	Kate Upton	25	Model/Actress
2019	Olivia Culpo	27	Fashion influencer

From 2000 until 2015, Maxim released the rest of the Hot 100 in order. Since 2016, Maxim released the rest of the hot 100 in random order. These are the rest of the Top 10 each year.

• Glamour photography
• List of men's magazines
• Maxim Radio
• Dennis Digital

• zimbio.com

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Maxim (magazine).

• Maxim U.S. site
• Maxim U.K. site