Member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is an international alliance that consists of 8 member states and 3 observers from Eurasia. It was established on 26 April 1996 as Shanghai Five. Of the 8 member states and 3 observers, SCO currently also have 3 dialogue partners and 3 guest attendance entries.
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Members Observers Dialogue Partners Observer applicants Disputed territories
Member states
| Flag | Country | Capital | Area (km²) | Population (2016) | Density (/km²) | GDP per cap. (PPP)[1] | HDI[2] | Currency | Official languages | Leaders | Accession |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | India Republic of India | New Delhi | 3,287,240 | 1,284,480,000 | 364.4 | 8,484 | 0.640 | Indian rupee (₹) (INR) | Hindi (Devanagari script), English & 21 others. Also see Languages of India | Head of State: Ram Nath Kovind Head of Government: Narendra Modi | 2017-06-09 |
 | Pakistan Islamic Republic of Pakistan | Islamabad | 796,095 | 192,779,818 | 214.3 | 4,749 | 0.538 | Pakistani rupee (PKR) | Urdu (National) English | Head of State: Arif Alvi Head of Government: Imran Khan | 2017-06-09 |
 | China People's Republic of China | Beijing | 9,640,011 | 1,374,820,000 | 139.6 | 13,224 | 0.727 | Renminbi (Chinese yuan, ¥) (CNY) | Standard Chinese[3] written in simplified characters[3] see also languages of China | Head of State: Xi Jinping Head of Government: Li Keqiang | 1996-04-26 |
 | Kazakhstan Republic of Kazakhstan | Astana | 2,724,900 | 17,670,900 | 5.94 | 24,108 | 0.788 | Kazakhstani tenge (₸) (KZT) | Kazakh (National) Russian | Head of State: Nursultan Nazarbayev Head of Government: Serik Akhmetov | 1996-04-26 |
 | Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyz Republic | Bishkek | 199,900 | 6,008,600 | 27.4 | 3,262 | 0.655 | Kyrgyzstani som (KGS) | Kyrgyz (National) Russian | Head of State: Almazbek Atambayev Head of Government: Temir Sariev | 1996-04-26 |
 | Russia Russian Federation | Moscow | 17,075,400 | 146,519,759 | 8.3 | 24,449 | 0.798 | Russian ruble (₽) (RUB) | Russian also see Languages of Russia | Head of State: Vladimir Putin Head of Government: Dmitry Medvedev | 1996-04-26 |
 | Tajikistan Republic of Tajikistan | Dushanbe | 143,100 | 8,352,000 | 48.6 | 2,698 | 0.624 | Tajikistani somoni (TJS) | Tajik Persian | Head of State: Emomalii Rahmon Head of Government: Oqil Oqilov | 1996-04-26 |
 | Uzbekistan Republic of Uzbekistan | Tashkent | 447,400 | 31,022,500 | 61.4 | 5,630 | 0.675 | Uzbekistani som (UZS) | Uzbek | Head of State: Shavkat Mirziyoyev Head of Government: Abdulla Oripov | 2001-06-15 |
Military personnel
The following list is sourced from the 2018 edition of "The Military Balance" published annually by the International Institute for Strategic Studies.
| Country | Active military | Reserve military | Paramilitary | Total | Per 1000 capita (total) |
Per 1000 capita (active) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
China[4] | 2,035,000 | 510,000 | 1,500,000 | 4,045,000 | 2.9 | 1.5 |
|
India[5] | 1,440,000 | 2,096,000 | 1,585,950 | 5,121,950 | 4 | 1.1 |
|
Kazakhstan[6] | 39,000 | 0 | 31,500 | 70,500 | 3.8 | 2.1 |
|
Kyrgyzstan[7] | 10,900 | 0 | 9,500 | 20,400 | 3.5 | 1.9 |
|
Pakistan[8] | 653,000 | 0 | 0 | 653,000 | 3.1 | 3.1 |
|
Russian Federation[9][Note 1] | 1,013,628 | 2,572,500 | 2,310,859 | 5,896,987 | 41.5 | 7.1 |
|
Tajikistan[10] | 8,800 | 0 | 7,500 | 16,300 | 1.9 | 1 |
|
Uzbekistan[11] | 48,000 | 0 | 20,000 | 68,000 | 2.3 | 1.6 |
Observer states
Except for Afghanistan, the observers are due to be accorded full member status at the 2014 SCO summit.[12]
| Flag | Country | Capital | Area (km²) | Population (2016) | Density (/km²) | GDP per cap. (PPP)[1] | HDI[2] | Currency | Official languages | Leaders | Status gained |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Afghanistan Islamic Republic of Afghanistan | Kabul | 652,230 | 27,101,365 | 43.5 | 1,944 | 0.465 | Afghan afghani (AFN) | Pashto Dari | Head of State and Government: Ashraf Ghani | 2012-06-07 |
 | Belarus Republic of Belarus | Minsk | 207,595 | 9,498,700 | 45.8 | 18,246 | 0.798 | Belarusian ruble (BYR) | Belarusian Russian | Head of State: Alexander Lukashenko Head of Government: Andrei Kobyakov | 2010-04-28 |
 | Iran Islamic Republic of Iran | Tehran | 1,648,195 | 79,011,700 | 48.0 | 17,443 | 0.766 | Iranian rial (IRR) | Persian | Head of State and Government: Ali Khamenei & Hassan Rouhani | 2005-06-23 |
 | Mongolia | Ulaanbaatar | 1,564,115 | 3,067,550 | 1.75 | 11,919 | 0.727 | Mongolian tögrög (₮) (MNT) | Mongolian | Head of State: Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj Head of Government: Chimediin Saikhanbileg | 2004-06-17 |
- Notes
- The potential reserve personnel of Russia may be as high as 20 million, depending on how the figures are counted. However, an est. 2 million have seen military service within the last 5 years.
Dialogue partner entries
| Flag | Country | Capital | Area (km²) | Population (2016) | Density (/km²) | GDP per cap. (PPP)[1] | HDI[2] | Currency | Official languages | Leaders | Status gained |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Armenia Republic of Armenia | Yerevan | 29,743 | 2,998,600 | 102.0 | 8,164 | 0.733 | Armenian dram (AMD) | Armenian | Head of State: Serzh Sargsyan Head of Government: Hovik Abrahamyan | 2015-07-10 |
 | Azerbaijan Republic of Azerbaijan | Baku | 86,600 | 9,696,800 | 109.0 | 17,761 | 0.751 | Azerbaijani manat (AZN) | Azeri | Head of State: Ilham Aliyev Head of Government: Artur Rasizade | 2015-07-10 |
 | Cambodia Kingdom of Cambodia | Phnom Penh | 181,035 | 15,626,444 | 84.0 | 3,276 | 0.555 | Cambodian riel (KHR) | Khmer | Monarch: Norodom Sihamoni Head of Government: Hun Sen | 2015-07-10 |
 | Nepal Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal | Kathmandu | 147,181 | 28,431,500 | 180.0 | 2,388 | 0.548 | Nepalese rupee (NPR) | Nepali | Head of State: Bidhya Devi Bhandari Head of Government: Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli | 2015-07-10 |
 | Sri Lanka Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka | Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte (Administrative) Colombo (Commercial) | 65,610 | 20,966,000 | 309.0 | 10,410 | 0.757 | Sri Lankan rupee (LKR) | Sinhalese Tamil | Head of State and Government: Maithripala Sirisena | 2009-06-16 |
 | Turkey Republic of Turkey | Ankara | 783,562 | 78,741,053 | 102.0 | 19,698 | 0.761 | Turkish lira (TRY) | Turkish | Head of State: Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Head of Government: Binali Yildirim | 2012-06-07 |
Future participation
Observer Iran has submitted an application for full membership.[13] Meanwhile, in 2012 Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, East Timor, Nepal and Sri Lanka applied for observer status within the organization.[14] Egypt[15] and Syria has also submitted an application for observer status,[13] while Egypt, Israel,[16] Maldives and Ukraine have applied for dialogue partner status.[17][18] Saudi Arabia,[19][20][21] Bahrain and Qatar has officially applied to join the SCO.[22][23]
Guest attendance entries
Notes
References
- at purchasing power parity, per capita, in international dollars (rounded IMF 2012)
- at Human Development Index (New 2013 Estimates for 2012)
- Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language (Order of the President No.37)
- IISS 2018, pp. 249-250
- IISS 2018, pp. 260
- IISS 2018, pp. 188
- IISS 2018, pp. 190
- IISS 2018, pp. 291
- IISS 2018, pp. 192
- IISS 2018, pp. 207
- IISS 2018, pp. 214
- http://macedoniaonline.eu/content/view/25830/53/
- "Syria applies for observer status at Shanghai security bloc — Russian Foreign Ministry". Russian News Agency TASS. 2015-02-13. Retrieved 2015-07-11.
- "Azerbaijan asks to join a new alliance of China and Russia".
- "Syria, Egypt may join Shanghai Cooperation Organization as observers". Russian News Agency TASS. 2015-06-05. Retrieved 2015-12-21.
- "Syria, Israel, Egypt willing to join SCO's activity - president's special envoy". Interfax. 2016-06-23. Archived from the original on 2016-08-16. Retrieved 2016-06-24.
- "Egypt applies to become dialogue partner of Shanghai security bloc — Kremlin aide". Russian News Agency TASS. 2015-07-06. Retrieved 2015-08-15.
- "Azerbaijan intends to become SCO observer". 2015-02-10. Archived from the original on 2015-08-02. Retrieved 2015-08-15.
- "以色列和沙特提交加入上合组织的相关申请". 环球网. 2019-08-15. Retrieved 2019-11-03.
- "В МИД рассказали о странах, которые хотят участвовать в работе ШОС". RIA Novosti. 2019-08-15. Retrieved 2019-08-21.
- "Саудовская Аравия устремилась в ШОС". Abkhazian Network News Agency. 2018-10-18. Retrieved 2019-08-22.
- "Катар, Бахрейн и Израиль просят о приеме в ШОС". Мир 24. 2017-12-05. Retrieved 2019-08-22.
- "SCO receives membership requests from Qatar, Bahrain". Interfax. 2017-12-05. Archived from the original on 2017-12-07. Retrieved 2019-08-22.
Bibliography
- International Institute for Strategic Studies (3 February 2010). The Military Balance 2010. London: Routledge. ISBN 1857435575.
- International Institute for Strategic Studies (2 March 2011). The Military Balance 2011. London: Routledge. ISBN 1857436067.
- International Institute for Strategic Studies (7 March 2012). The Military Balance 2012. London: Routledge. ISBN 1857436423.
- International Institute for Strategic Studies (14 March 2013). The Military Balance 2013. London: Routledge. ISBN 1857436806.
- International Institute for Strategic Studies (3 February 2014). The Military Balance 2014. London: Routledge. ISBN 9781857437225.
- International Institute for Strategic Studies (14 February 2018). The Military Balance 2018. London: Routledge. ISBN 9781857439557.
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