Member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is an international alliance that consists of 8 member states and 3 observers from Eurasia. It was established on 26 April 1996 as Shanghai Five. Of the 8 member states and 3 observers, SCO currently also have 3 dialogue partners and 3 guest attendance entries.

  Members   Observers   Dialogue Partners   Observer applicants   Disputed territories

Member states

FlagCountry
Capital
Area
(km²)
Population
(2016)
Density
(/km²)
GDP per cap.
(PPP)
[1]
HDI[2]Currency
Official languagesLeadersAccession
India
Republic of India
New Delhi3,287,240a1,284,480,000364.48,4840.640Indian rupee ()
(INR)
Hindi (Devanagari script), English & 21 others.
Also see Languages of India
Head of State: Ram Nath Kovind
Head of Government: Narendra Modi
2017-06-09
Pakistan
Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Islamabad796,095b192,779,818214.34,7490.538Pakistani rupee
(PKR)
Urdu (National)
English
Head of State: Arif Alvi
Head of Government: Imran Khan
2017-06-09
China
People's Republic of China
Beijing9,640,011a1,374,820,000139.613,2240.727Renminbi (Chinese yuan, ¥)
(CNY)
Standard Chinese[3]
written in simplified characters[3]
see also languages of China
Head of State: Xi Jinping
Head of Government: Li Keqiang
1996-04-26
Kazakhstan
Republic of Kazakhstan
Astana2,724,900d17,670,9005.9424,1080.788Kazakhstani tenge (₸)
(KZT)
Kazakh (National)
Russian
Head of State: Nursultan Nazarbayev
Head of Government: Serik Akhmetov
1996-04-26
Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyz Republic
Bishkek199,900f6,008,60027.43,2620.655Kyrgyzstani som
(KGS)
Kyrgyz (National)
Russian
Head of State: Almazbek Atambayev
Head of Government: Temir Sariev
1996-04-26
Russia
Russian Federation
Moscow17,075,400b146,519,7598.324,4490.798Russian ruble (₽)
(RUB)
Russian
also see Languages of Russia
Head of State: Vladimir Putin
Head of Government: Dmitry Medvedev
1996-04-26
Tajikistan
Republic of Tajikistan
Dushanbe143,100e8,352,00048.62,6980.624Tajikistani somoni
(TJS)
Tajik PersianHead of State: Emomalii Rahmon
Head of Government: Oqil Oqilov
1996-04-26
Uzbekistan
Republic of Uzbekistan
Tashkent447,400c31,022,50061.45,6300.675Uzbekistani som
(UZS)
UzbekHead of State: Shavkat Mirziyoyev
Head of Government: Abdulla Oripov
2001-06-15

Military personnel

The following list is sourced from the 2018 edition of "The Military Balance" published annually by the International Institute for Strategic Studies.

Country Active military Reserve military Paramilitary Total Per 1000 capita
(total)
Per 1000 capita
(active)
China[4] 2,035,000 510,000 1,500,000 4,045,000 2.9 1.5
India[5] 1,440,000 2,096,000 1,585,950 5,121,950 4 1.1
Kazakhstan[6] 39,000 0 31,500 70,500 3.8 2.1
Kyrgyzstan[7] 10,900 0 9,500 20,400 3.5 1.9
Pakistan[8] 653,000 0 0 653,000 3.1 3.1
Russian Federation[9][Note 1] 1,013,628 2,572,500 2,310,859 5,896,987 41.5 7.1
Tajikistan[10] 8,800 0 7,500 16,300 1.9 1
Uzbekistan[11] 48,000 0 20,000 68,000 2.3 1.6

Observer states

Except for Afghanistan, the observers are due to be accorded full member status at the 2014 SCO summit.[12]

FlagCountry
Capital
Area
(km²)
Population
(2016)
Density
(/km²)
GDP per cap.
(PPP)
[1]
HDI[2]Currency
Official languagesLeadersStatus gained
Afghanistan
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Kabul652,230d27,101,36543.51,9440.465Afghan afghani
(AFN)
Pashto
Dari
Head of State and Government: Ashraf Ghani2012-06-07
Belarus
Republic of Belarus
Minsk207,595c9,498,70045.818,2460.798Belarusian ruble
(BYR)
Belarusian
Russian
Head of State: Alexander Lukashenko
Head of Government: Andrei Kobyakov
2010-04-28
Iran
Islamic Republic of Iran
Tehran1,648,195c79,011,70048.017,4430.766Iranian rial
(IRR)
PersianHead of State and Government:
Ali Khamenei & Hassan Rouhani
2005-06-23
MongoliaUlaanbaatar1,564,115e3,067,5501.7511,9190.727Mongolian tögrög (₮)
(MNT)
MongolianHead of State: Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj
Head of Government: Chimediin Saikhanbileg
2004-06-17
Notes
  1. The potential reserve personnel of Russia may be as high as 20 million, depending on how the figures are counted. However, an est. 2 million have seen military service within the last 5 years.

Dialogue partner entries

FlagCountry
Capital
Area
(km²)
Population
(2016)
Density
(/km²)
GDP per cap.
(PPP)
[1]
HDI[2]Currency
Official languagesLeadersStatus gained
Armenia
Republic of Armenia
Yerevan29,743c2,998,600102.08,1640.733Armenian dram
(AMD)
ArmenianHead of State: Serzh Sargsyan
Head of Government: Hovik Abrahamyan
2015-07-10
Azerbaijan
Republic of Azerbaijan
Baku86,600c9,696,800109.017,7610.751Azerbaijani manat
(AZN)
AzeriHead of State: Ilham Aliyev
Head of Government: Artur Rasizade
2015-07-10
Cambodia
Kingdom of Cambodia
Phnom Penh181,035c15,626,44484.03,2760.555Cambodian riel
(KHR)
KhmerMonarch: Norodom Sihamoni
Head of Government: Hun Sen
2015-07-10
Nepal
Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
Kathmandu147,181c28,431,500180.02,3880.548Nepalese rupee
(NPR)
NepaliHead of State: Bidhya Devi Bhandari
Head of Government: Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli
2015-07-10
Sri Lanka
Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte (Administrative)
Colombo (Commercial)
65,610c20,966,000309.010,4100.757Sri Lankan rupee
(LKR)
Sinhalese
Tamil
Head of State and Government: Maithripala Sirisena2009-06-16
Turkey
Republic of Turkey
Ankara783,562c78,741,053102.019,6980.761Turkish lira
(TRY)
TurkishHead of State: Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Head of Government: Binali Yildirim
2012-06-07

Future participation

Observer Iran has submitted an application for full membership.[13] Meanwhile, in 2012 Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, East Timor, Nepal and Sri Lanka applied for observer status within the organization.[14] Egypt[15] and Syria has also submitted an application for observer status,[13] while Egypt, Israel,[16] Maldives and Ukraine have applied for dialogue partner status.[17][18] Saudi Arabia,[19][20][21] Bahrain and Qatar has officially applied to join the SCO.[22][23]

Guest attendance entries

Notes

    References

    1. at purchasing power parity, per capita, in international dollars (rounded IMF 2012)
    2. at Human Development Index (New 2013 Estimates for 2012)
    3. Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language (Order of the President No.37)
    4. IISS 2018, pp. 249-250
    5. IISS 2018, pp. 260
    6. IISS 2018, pp. 188
    7. IISS 2018, pp. 190
    8. IISS 2018, pp. 291
    9. IISS 2018, pp. 192
    10. IISS 2018, pp. 207
    11. IISS 2018, pp. 214
    12. http://macedoniaonline.eu/content/view/25830/53/
    13. "Syria applies for observer status at Shanghai security bloc — Russian Foreign Ministry". Russian News Agency TASS. 2015-02-13. Retrieved 2015-07-11.
    14. "Azerbaijan asks to join a new alliance of China and Russia".
    15. "Syria, Egypt may join Shanghai Cooperation Organization as observers". Russian News Agency TASS. 2015-06-05. Retrieved 2015-12-21.
    16. "Syria, Israel, Egypt willing to join SCO's activity - president's special envoy". Interfax. 2016-06-23. Archived from the original on 2016-08-16. Retrieved 2016-06-24.
    17. "Egypt applies to become dialogue partner of Shanghai security bloc — Kremlin aide". Russian News Agency TASS. 2015-07-06. Retrieved 2015-08-15.
    18. "Azerbaijan intends to become SCO observer". 2015-02-10. Archived from the original on 2015-08-02. Retrieved 2015-08-15.
    19. "以色列和沙特提交加入上合组织的相关申请". 环球网. 2019-08-15. Retrieved 2019-11-03.
    20. "В МИД рассказали о странах, которые хотят участвовать в работе ШОС". RIA Novosti. 2019-08-15. Retrieved 2019-08-21.
    21. "Саудовская Аравия устремилась в ШОС". Abkhazian Network News Agency. 2018-10-18. Retrieved 2019-08-22.
    22. "Катар, Бахрейн и Израиль просят о приеме в ШОС". Мир 24. 2017-12-05. Retrieved 2019-08-22.
    23. "SCO receives membership requests from Qatar, Bahrain". Interfax. 2017-12-05. Archived from the original on 2017-12-07. Retrieved 2019-08-22.

    Bibliography

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