Mohanakalyani

Mohanakalyani is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a janya rāgam (derived scale) from the 65th melakarta scale Mechakalyani. It is a janya scale, as it does not have all the seven swaras (musical notes) in the ascending scale. It is a combination of the pentatonic scale Mohanam and the Melakarta raga scale Kalyani.[1] This ragam can be considered as a Prati Madhyamam equivalent of Bilahari, the janya of 29th Melakartha Dheerashankarabharanam. The equivalent of Mohanakalyani in Hindustani music is Bhoop Kalyan or Shuddha Kalyan.[2] Bhoop Kalyan belongs to the Kalyan thaat of Hindustani music. Similar to Mohanakalyani, Bhoop Kalyan is a combination of Bhoop and Kalyan.[2]

Mohanakalyani
ArohanamS R₂ G₃ P D₂ Ṡ
AvarohanamṠ N₃ D₂ P M₂ G₃ R₂ S
Carnatic music
Tanjavur-style Tambura
Concepts
Compositions
Instruments
Melody
Sarasvati Vīṇā
Veṇu
Nādasvaraṃ
Goṭṭuvādyaṃ (Citra Vīṇā)
Violin
Percussion
Mr̥daṅgaṃ
Ghaṭaṃ
Morsing
Kanjira
Thavil
Drone
Tambura
Shruti box

Structure and Lakshana
Ascending scale with shadjam at C, which is same as Mohanam scale
Descending scale with shadjam at C, which is same as Kalyani scale

Mohanakalyani is an asymmetric rāgam that does not contain madhyamam or nishādham in the ascending scale. It is an audava-sampurna rāgam (or owdava rāgam, meaning pentatonic ascending scale).[1][2] Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows:

The notes used in this scale are shadjam, chathusruthi rishabham, antara gandharam, panchamam and chathusruthi dhaivatham in ascending scale, with kakali nishadham and prati madhyamam included in descending scale. For the details of the notations and terms, see swaras in Carnatic music.

A few compositions have been set to Mohanakalyani rāgam. Here are some popular kritis composed in Mohanakalyani.

Film Songs

Language:Tamil
Song Movie Composer Singer
Amudhum Thaenum Thai Pirandhal Vazhi Pirakkum K. V. Mahadevan Seerkazhi Govindarajan
Masila Unmai Kathale Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum Susarla Dakshinamurthi A. M. Rajah,Bhanumathi
Ponnai Virumbum Aalayamani Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy T. M. Soundararajan
Chellakiligalam Paliyile Enga Mama M. S. Viswanathan
Chinna Chinna Kannile Then Nilavu A. M. Rajah A. M. Rajah, P. Susheela
Thanimaiyile Inimai Aadi Perukku
Kaalai Thendral Paadi Varum Uyarndha Ullam Illayaraja P. Susheela
Naan Sirithal Nayakan K. Jamuna Rani,M. S. Rajeswari
Pattu Thalaivan padinal Idaya Kovil S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki
Ohh Party Nalla Idhayam Malaysia Vasudevan
Muthal Mutham Puthir K.J. Yesudas, S. Janaki
Paarijatha Poove En Rasavin Manasile S. N. Surendar, K.S. Chitra
Oru Kanam Oru Yugamaga Nadodi Thendral Illayaraja, S. Janaki
Ninaikkatha Thangakkili Mano, S. Janaki
Vannila Thennila Kavithai Paadum Alaigal Mano, K.S. Chitra
Vaanmathiye Aranmanai Kili S. Janaki
Panneeril Nanaintha Uyire Unakkaga Laxmikant–Pyarelal
Ethirveetu Jannal Oor Mariyadhai Deva Malaysia Vasudevan,Krishnaraj
Dil Mera Loot Liya Azhagiya Theeye Ramesh Vinayakam Srinivas, Mathangi

This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Scale similarities
  • Mohanam has a symmetric pentatonic scale, with the notes same as the ascending scale of Mohanakalyani. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R2 G3 P D2 S : S D2 P G3 R2 S
  • Bilahari is a rāgam which has the shuddha madhyamam in descending scale (descending scale of Shankarabharanam) in place of the prati madhyamam. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R2 G3 P D2 S : S N3 D2 P M1 G3 R2 S

Notes
  1. Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani: S R G P D Ṡ
    • Western: C D E G A C
  2. Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani: Ṡ N D P M̄ G R S
    • Western: C B A G F♯ E D C

References
  1. Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications
  2. Raganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras
  3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXNt6Rw-RtI
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