Murder of Yusef Hawkins

Yusef Kirriem Hawkins (also spelled as Yusuf Hawkins, March 19, 1973 – August 23, 1989) was a 16-year-old black teenager from East New York, Brooklyn[1] who was shot to death on August 23, 1989, in Bensonhurst, a predominantly Italian-American working-class neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Hawkins, his younger brother, and two friends were attacked by a crowd of 10 to 30 white youths, with at least seven of them wielding baseball bats. One, armed with a handgun, shot Hawkins twice in the chest, killing him.[2][3] A decade and a half after Hawkins' murder, Mob turncoat Joseph D'Angelo confessed that he caused the racially motivated killing.[4]

Yusef Hawkins
Born(1973-03-19)March 19, 1973
DiedAugust 23, 1989 (1989-08-24) (aged 16)
Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, New York City, United States
OccupationStudent
Known forMurder victim

Incident
Al Sharpton leading the first protest march over the death of Yusef Hawkins in Bensonhurst, 1989.

Hawkins had gone to Bensonhurst that night with his brother and two of their friends to inquire about a used 1982 Pontiac automobile that was for sale. The group's attackers had been lying in wait for black youths that were expected to attend a party at the home of a teenage girl in the neighborhood.[5] Some say the girl had previously dated one of the killers and/or she had invited black youths to her neighborhood to taunt the neighborhood boys.[6] Hawkins and his friends walked onto the ambushers' block unaware that local residents were waiting to attack any group of black youths they saw. After the murder of Hawkins, police said that he had not in any way been involved with the neighborhood girl whom the killers believed Hawkins was dating.[2]

Hawkins' death was the third killing of a black male by white mobs in New York City during the 1980s; the other two victims were Willie Turks, who was killed on June 22, 1982, in Brooklyn, and Michael Griffith, who was accidentally struck by a car in Queens on December 20, 1986. The incident uncorked a torrent of racial tension in New York City in the ensuing days and weeks, culminating in a series of protest marches through the neighborhood led by the Reverend Al Sharpton.[7][8]

Trials

The two teenagers who led the mob that beat and chased Hawkins were tried separately. Joseph Fama, the man who fired the shots that killed Hawkins, was convicted of second-degree murder on May 17, 1990. The other main defendant in the case, Keith Mondello, was acquitted on May 18, 1990 on murder and manslaughter charges, but convicted of 12 lesser charges including riot, menacing, discrimination, unlawful imprisonment and criminal possession of a weapon.[9] The acquittal of Mondello on the most serious charges led to further protest marches through Bensonhurst led by Al Sharpton.[10]

On June 11, 1990, sentences were handed down in the Hawkins case. 19-year-old Fama received a sentence of 32⅓ years to life in prison. Mondello, also 19, received a sentence of 5⅓ to 16 years in prison.[11]

Other members of the gang that chased and beat Hawkins were tried as well. John Vento was convicted of unlawful imprisonment and received a sentence of 2 to 8 years in August 1990 and was released in 1998. A fourth man, Joseph Serrano, was convicted on the charge of unlawfully possessing a weapon and sentenced to 300 hours of community service on January 11, 1991. The acquittal of Vento on a murder charge, and the light sentence handed out to Serrano, sparked more protests by the African-American community in Bensonhurst.

Shortly before that march was set to begin on January 12, 1991, Al Sharpton was stabbed and seriously wounded by Michael Riccardi in a Bensonhurst schoolyard. Sharpton later recovered from his wounds.[12] Riccardi was convicted of first-degree assault and sentenced to 5 to 15 years in prison, despite a plea for leniency by Sharpton himself, who believed that distorted news coverage of his activities had influenced his attacker.[13]

Keith Mondello was said to be the "instigator and organizer" of the group and served 8 years in prison. Nearly 16 years after the shooting, mob turncoat Joseph D'Angelo admitted that the group behind Yusuf's murder was there on his orders and he caused the racially motivated killing. He also admitted he lied to police and asked a woman who knew many details to not tell police. [14]

Release of Mondello

After serving eight years in the Attica Correctional Facility, Keith Mondello was released on June 2, 1998. On January 22, 1999, Mondello and Hawkins' father, Moses Stewart, met in a NY1 television studio, where Mondello apologized for his role in the killing.[15] Stewart died at the age of 48 in 2003.[16][17] Fama is not eligible for parole until 2022, when he will be just over 50 years old.[16]

Memorials and tributes
  • A faded mural painted soon after Hawkins' death is still visible on the side of a building on Verona Place in Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn.[18] It was repainted in August 2011 by street artist Gabriel Specter.[19]
  • The lyrics for the song "Keep It in the Family" by Anthrax, included on their 1990 album Persistence of Time, was inspired by this event.
  • Spike Lee's film Jungle Fever is dedicated to the memory of Hawkins, and Hawkins's photograph appears at the beginning of the film.
  • HBO Documentary film Yusuf Hawkins: Storm Over Brooklyn premiered August 12, 2020, Directed by Muta'Ali Muhammad "tells the story of how 16 year old Yusuf was innocently killed on August 23, 1989 by an Italian mob in Bensonhurst Brooklyn sparking protests and deep racial divide. The film was released on the 30th anniversary of this tragedy and features actual footage and interviews through archival footage to highlight the systemic racism that still exists today".
  • The song "Snacks and Candy" by the band Miracle Legion was written about this event.
  • The song "Slipping into Darkness" by Queen Mother Rage was dedicated to Hawkins.
  • The song "Welcome to the Terrordome" by Public Enemy includes a dedication to Hawkins.
  • The song "Intro" on the album The Devil Made Me Do It by Paris includes a sample from a news broadcast referencing the shooting.
  • The song "Wrong Pot 2 Piss In" by The Goats includes the line: "My man Rodney King would love a swing / and if Yusuf Hawkins was walkin' he'd say the same thing".
  • The song "Treat 'em Right" by Chubb Rock refers to Hawkins in the first verse.
  • Tupac Shakur wrote a poem about Yusuf's death, "For Mrs. Hawkins". He also mentions him in the song "Tearz of a Clown" in the fourth verse.
  • The film Blind Faith was dedicated to the memory of Hawkins.
  • The song "Learn Truth" by R.A. the Rugged Man mentions Willie Turks, Michael Griffith, and Yusef Hawkins.
  • The song "Gas Face (remix)" by 3rd Bass refers to Hawkins in the second verse.
  • Kool G Rap's hit single "Erase Racism" (featuring Big Daddy Kane) referenced Hawkins where Kane performs the second half of the song.
  • Double XX Posse mentions Yusef on their first album Put Ya Boots On (1992), on the album's second track the Headcracker. The group gives a list of things that would be considered "Headcrackers" or very shocking and upsetting. Among other things they mention "Yusef Hawkins being murdered is a HEADCRACKER"
  • Brand Nubian's "Concerto in X Minor" mentions Hawkins.

References
  1. Danielle, Britni (June 20, 2018). "5 Things To Know About 'Storm Over Brooklyn,' A New Doc On Yusuf Hawkins". Essence. Retrieved February 25, 2019.
  2. Blumenthal, Ralph (August 25, 1989). "Black Youth Is Killed by Whites; Brooklyn Attack Is Called Racial". The New York Times. Retrieved September 15, 2007.
  3. Anderson, Lorrin; Tucker, William (June 25, 1990). "Cracks in the mosaic – Bensonhurst incident case". National Review. Archived from the original on September 9, 2009. Retrieved September 15, 2007.
  4. Smith, Kati Cornell (August 19, 2005). "Gotti Rat: My Thugs Were Behind '89 Yusuf Race Slay". New York Post.
  5. "Fama v. Commissioner of Correctional Services". FindLaw.
  6. Horton, Adrian (August 11, 2020). "Storm Over Brooklyn: retelling the devastating murder of Yusuf Hawkins". The Guardian.
  7. Ravo, Nick (August 27, 1989). "Marchers and Brooklyn Youths Trade Racial Jeers". The New York Times.
  8. Chan, Sewell (August 21, 2009). "The Death of Yusuf Hawkins, 20 Years Later". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 4, 2019. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
  9. Kurtz, Howard (May 19, 1990). "Bensonhurst Ringleader Acquitted on Murder Counts". The Washington Post.
  10. Kifner, John (May 20, 1990). "Bensonhurst Aftermath; After 2d Bensonhurst Verdict, A March Amid Cries for Calm". The New York Times.
  11. Kurtz, Howard (June 12, 1992). "Bensonhurst Defendants Receive Maximum Terms". The Washington Post.
  12. McFadden, Robert D. (January 13, 1991). "Sharpton Is Stabbed at Bensonhurst Protest". The New York Times.
  13. Daniels, Lee A. (March 17, 1992). "Attacker Of Sharpton Is Sentenced". The New York Times.
  14. Preston, Julia (August 19, 2005). "Gotti Witness Tells of Role in Bias Attack in Brooklyn". The New York Times.
  15. "2 Sides Meet in '89 Racial Killing". The New York Times. Associated Press. January 22, 1999.
  16. Fiorentino, Jen (December 10, 2012). "Twenty-three Years After a Notorious Murder, the Convicted Killer Speaks". The Brooklyn Ink. Retrieved July 16, 2020.
  17. "Deaths Elsewhere". The Baltimore Sun. June 10, 2003. Retrieved July 16, 2020.
  18. "Mural on Verona Place likely eulogizing 16-year-old Yusuf Hawkins". Forgotten NY. Archived from the original on October 17, 2006. Retrieved September 4, 2006.
  19. Marc (September 7, 2011). "Decaying Yusuf Hawkins memorial mural renewed by Gabriel Specter". Wooster Collective.
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