National pavilions at the Venice Biennale

The national pavilions host each participant nation's official representation during the Venice Biennale, an international art biennial exhibition held in Venice, Italy. Some countries own pavilion buildings in the Giardini della Biennale while others rent buildings throughout the city, but each country controls its own selection process and production costs.

Crowds near the British pavilion in 2011

Background

The Venice Biennale is an international art biennial exhibition held in Venice, Italy. Often described as "the Olympics of the art world", participation in the Biennale is a prestigious event for contemporary artists. The festival has become a constellation of shows: a central exhibition curated by that year's artistic director, national pavilions hosted by individual nations, and independent exhibitions throughout Venice. The Biennale parent organization also hosts regular festivals in other arts: architecture, dance, film, music, and theater.[1]

Outside of the central, international exhibition, individual nations produce their own shows, known as pavilions, as their national representation. Nations that own their pavilion buildings, such as the 30 housed on the Giardini, are responsible for their own upkeep and construction costs as well. Nations without dedicated buildings create pavilions in venues throughout the city.[1]

Giardini national pavilions
Nation Location First exhibition Year of construction[2]
AustriaGiardini1934
AustraliaGiardini1988
BelgiumGiardini1907
BrazilGiardini1964
CanadaGiardini1957
Central PavilionGiardini1895
Czech Republic and SlovakiaGiardini1926
DenmarkGiardini1932
EgyptGiardini1932
FinlandGiardini1956
FranceGiardini1912
GermanyGiardini(1909) 1938
Great BritainGiardini1909
GreeceGiardini1934
HungaryGiardini1909
IsraelGiardini1952
JapanGiardini1956
the NetherlandsGiardini(1912) 1953
Nordic countries (Sweden/Norway/Finland)Giardini1962
PolandGiardini1932
RomaniaGiardini1932
RussiaGiardini1914
SerbiaGiardini1932–38
South KoreaGiardini1995
SpainGiardini1922
SwitzerlandGiardini1952
United StatesGiardini1930
UruguayGiardini1962
VenezuelaGiardini1956
VeniceGiardini1932

Pavilions outside Giardini

Albania

List of exhibitors in the Albanian Pavilion:

  • 1999 — Alban Hajdinaj, Besnik & Flutura Haxhillari, Edi Hila, Lala Meredith-Vula, Gazmend Muka, Adrian Paci, Edi Rama, Anri Sala, Astrit Vatnikaj, Sislej Xhafa. (Curator: Edi Muka)
  • 2005 — Sislej Xhafa. (Commissioner and Curator: Andi Tepelena and Cecilia Tirelli)
  • 2007 — Helidon Gjergji, Genti Gjokola, Alban Hajdinaj, Armando Lulaj, Heldi Pema. (Commissioner: Rubens Shima. Curator: Bonnie Clearwater)
  • 2009 — Anila Rubiku, Orion Shima, Gentian Shkurti, Eltjon Valle, Driant Zeneli. (Commissioner: Parid Tefereçi. Curator: Riccardo Caldura)
  • 2015 — Armando Lulaj. (Curator: Marco Scotini)
  • 2017 — Leonard Qylafi. (Curator: Vanessa Joan Müller)

Argentina

In 1901, Argentina was the first Latin American nation to participate in the Biennale. In 2011, it was granted a pavilion in the Sale d'Armi, which it will restore.[3]

List of exhibitors in the Argentine Pavilion:

Bosnia and Herzegovina

List of exhibitors in the Bosnian Pavilion:

  • 2003 — Maja Bajevic, Jusuf Hadžifejzovic, Edin Numankadic, Nebojša Šeric-Šoba
  • 2013 — Mlаden Miljаnović
  • 2017 — Radenko Milak (Curators : Christopher Yggdre, Sinziana Ravini, Fredrik Svensk, Anna van der Vliet) [5]
  • 2019 — Danica Dakić (Curators: Anja Bogojević, Amila Puzić, Claudia Zini)

Central Asia

The first Central Asian Pavilion was an initiative of Victor Miziano in 2005. The second pavilion was organized by Yulia Sorokina (Almaty) and the third by Beral Madra (Istanbul). Each of these was different in format and approach. The first one – Art from Central Asia. A Contemporary Archive – aimed at placing Central Asia on the 'map' of international art. Along the works of invited artists, there were many video compilations of films, performance and happenings presented by Central Asian artists from the end of the 1990s and beginning of 2000.

List of exhibitors in the Central Asia Pavilion:

  • 2005 — Said Atabekov, Vyacheslav Akhunov & Sergey Tychina, Maksim Boronilov & Roman Maskalev, Elena Vorobyeva & Viktor Vorobyev, Kasmalieva & Djumaliev, Sergey Maslov, Almagul Menlibaeva, Erbossyn Meldibekov, Alexander Nikolaev, Rustam Khalfin & Yulia Tikhonova (Curators: Viktor Misiano, Commissioner: Churek Djamgerchinova)
  • 2007 — Roman Maskalev, Almagul Menlibaeva & German Popov, Gulnur Mukazhanova, Alexander Nikolaev, Aleksey Rumyantsev, Alexander Ugay, Asia Animation, Said Atabekov, Vyacheslav Akhunov, Alla Girik & Oksana Shatalova, Digsys, Natalia Dyu, Zadarnovsky Brothers, Gaukhar Kiyekbayeva, Vyacheslav Useinov, Jamol Usmanov, Aytegin Muratbek Uulu, Jamshed Kholikov, ZITABL (Commissioner and curator: Yulia Sorokina)
  • 2009 — Ermek Jaenish, Jamshed Kholikov, Anzor Salidjanov, Oksana Shatalova, Elena Vorobyeva & Viktor Vorobyev (Curator: Beral Madra, Commissioner: Vittorio Urbani)
  • 2011 — Natalia Andrianova, Said Atabekov, Artyom Ernst, Galim Madanov and Zauresh Terekbay, Yerbossyn Meldibekov, Alexander Nikolaev, Marat Raiymkulov, Aleksey Rumyantsev and Alla Rumyantseva, Adis Seitaliev (Curators: Boris Chukhovich, Georgy Mamedov, Oksana Shatalova, Commissioners: Asel Akmatova, Andris Brinkmanis)

Chile

List of exhibitors in the Chilean Pavilion:

  • 2009 — Iván Navarro (Curators: Antonio Arévalo, Justo Pastor Mellado)
  • 2011 — Fernando Prats (Curator: Fernando Castro Flórez)
  • 2013 — Alfredo Jaar (Curator: Madeleine Grynsztejn)
  • 2015 — Paz Errázuriz, Lotty Rosenfeld (Curator: Nelly Richard)
  • 2017 — Bernardo Oyarzún (Curator: Ticio Escobar)

Croatia

List of exhibitors in the Croatian Pavilion:[6]

  • 1993 — Milivoj Bijelić, Ivo Deković, and Željko Kipke
  • 1995 — Martina Kramer, Goran Petercol, Mirko Zrinščak, Ivan Faktor, Nina Ivančić, Damir Sokić, Mladen Stilinović, Dean Jokanović Toumin, Goran Trbuljak, Gorki Žanić
  • 1997 — Dalibor Martinis
  • 1999 — Zlatan Vrkljan
  • 2001 — Julije Knifer
  • 2003 — Boris Cvjetanović and Ana Opalić
  • 2007 — Ivana Franke (curator: Branko Franceschi, Željko Kipke)
  • 2010 — Saša Begović, Marko Dabrović, Igor Franić, Tanja Grozdanić, Petar Mišković, Silvije Novak, Veljko Oluić, Helena Paver Njirić, Lea Pelivan, Toma Plejić, Goran Rako, Saša Randić, Turato Idis, Pero Vuković e Tonči Žarnić
  • 2013 — Kata Mijatović (Curator: Branko Franceschi)
  • 2015 — Damir Očko (Curator: Marc Bembekoff)
  • 2017 — Tina Gverović, Marko Tadić (Curator: Branka Benčić)
  • 2019 — Igor Grubić (Curator: Katerina Gregos)

Estonia

The expositions at the Estonian Pavilion are regularly commissioned by the Estonian Centre for Contemporary Art.

List of exhibitors in the Estonian Pavilion:

  • 2003 — Kaido Ole
  • 2005 — Mark Raidpere (Curator: Hanno Soans)
  • 2007 — Marko Mäetamm (Curator: Mika Hannula)
  • 2009 — Kristina Norman (Curator: Marko Laimre)
  • 2011 — Liina Siib
  • 2013 — Dénes Farkas
  • 2015 — Jaanus Samma (Curator: Eugenio Viola)
  • 2017 — Katja Novitskova (Curator: Kati Ilves)[7]
  • 2019 — Kris Lemsalu[8]

Gabon

Gabon first participated in the Venice Biennale in 2009.

List of exhibitors in the Gabonese Pavilion:

  • 2009 — Owanto (Curator: Fernando Frances)

Georgia

List of exhibitors in the Georgian Pavilion:

  • 2009 — Koka Ramishvili (Curator: Khatuna Khabuliani)
  • 2013 — Bouillon Group, Thea Djordjadze, Nikoloz Lutidze, Gela Patashuri with Ei Arakawa and Sergei Tcherepnin, Gio Sumbadze (Commissioner: Marine Mizandari, curator: Joanna Warsza)
  • 2015 — Rusudan Khizanishvili, Irakli Bluishvili, Dimitri Chikvaidze, Joseph Sabia, Ia Liparteliani, Nia Mgaloblishvili, Sophio Shevardnadze (Curator: Nia Mgaloblishvili)
  • 2017 — Vajiko Chachkhiani (Curator: Julian Heynen)
  • 2019 — Anna K.E. (Curator: Margot Norton)[9]

Ghana

In 2019, Ghana will officially participate in the Venice Biennale for the first time.[10]

List of exhibitors in the Ghanaian Pavilion:

Grenada

In 2017, Grenada participated in the Venice Biennale at an exclusive space in Zattere, Dorsoduro, all allocated for the exhibition entitled The Bridge, where international artists from nations with sea outlets explored the collective idea of "own identity".

  • 2017 — Alexandre Murucci, Khaled Hafez, Jason de Caires Taylor, Asher Mains, Milton Williams, Rashid Al Kahlifa, Zena Assi and Mahmoud Obaidi (Curator: Omar Donia)

Hong Kong

List of exhibitors in the Hong Kong Pavilion:

  • 2009 — Pak Sheung Chuen (Curator: Tobias Berger)
  • 2011 — Kwok Mang Ho (known as Frog King)
  • 2013 — Lee Kit (Curators: Lars Nittve, Yung Ma)
  • 2015 — Tsang Kin-wah (Curators: Doryun Chong, Stella Fong)[11]
  • 2017 — Samson Young (Curator: Ying Kwok)
  • 2019 — Shirley Tse (Curator: Christina Li)[12]

Holy See
  • 2013 — Studio Azzurro, Lawrence Carroll, Josef Koudelka
  • 2015 — Monika Bravo, Elpida Hadzi-Vasileva, Mário Macilau (Curator: Micol Forti)

Iceland

In 1984, as Finland had joined Norway and Sweden in the Nordic Pavilion, Iceland was given the opportunity to rent the Finnish pavilion until 2006.[13] The Icelandic Art Center commissions the Icelandic Pavilion at the Venice Biennale.[14]

List of exhibitors in the Icelandish Pavilion:[15]

India

In 2011, India was represented for the first time after 116 years, with the support of the culture ministry and the organizational participation of the Lalit Kala Akademi.[17] Biennale organizers had reportedly invited the country in past years, but the government had declined, a decision attributed to a lack of communication between the culture ministry and the country's National Gallery of Modern Art.[17]

Indonesia

List of exhibitors in the Indonesian Pavilion:

  • 2003: Arahmaiani , Dadang Christanto, Tisna Sanjaya, Made Wianta (Curator: Amir Sidharta)
  • 2005: Krisna Murti, Noor Ibrahim, Entang Wiharso, and Yani Mariani Sastranegara (Curator: Dwi Marianto)
  • 2013: Albert Yonathan Setyawan, Sri Astari, Eko Nugroho, Entang Wiharso, and Titarubi (Curators: Carla Bianpoen and Rifky Effendy)
  • 2015: Heri Dono (Curators: Carla Bianpoen, Restu Imansari Kusumaningrum, and Asmudjo Jono Irianto)
  • 2017: Tintin Wulia (Curator: Agung Hujatnikajennong)
  • 2019: Handiwirman Saputra and Syagini Ratna Wulan (Curator: Asmudjo Jono Irianto)

Iran
  • 1958 - Monir Shahroudy Farmanfarmaian[19]
  • 2003 - Behrouz Daresh, Hossein KhoroJerdi, and Ahmad Nadalian[20]
  • 2015 - Furat al Jamil (b. 1965) Lida Abdul, Bani Abidi, Adel Abidin, Amin Agheai, Ghodratollah Agheli, Shahriar Ahmadi, Parastou Ahovan, Farhad Ahrarnia, Rashad Alakbarov, Nazgol Ansarinia, Reza Aramesh, Alireza Astaneh, Sonia Balassanian, Mahmoud Bakhshi Moakhar, Wafaa Bilal, Mehdi Farhadian, Shadi Ghadirian, Shilpa Gupta, Ghasem Hajizadeh, Shamsia Hassani, Sahand Hesamiyan, Sitara Ibrahimova, Pouran Jinchi, Amar Kanwar, Babak Kazemi, Ryas Komu, Farideh Lashai, Farokh Mahdavi, Ahmad Morshedloo, Mehrdad Mohebali, Huma Mulji, Azad Nanakeli, Jamal Penjweny, Imran Qureshi, Sara Rahbar, Rashid Rana, Atefeh Samaei, T.V. Santhosh, Walid Siti, Monir Shahroudy Farmanfarmaian, Mohsen Taasha Wahidi, Mitra Tabrizian, Parviz Tanavoli, Newsha Tavakolian, Sadegh Tirafkan, Hema Upadhyay, Saira Wasim
  • 2017 - Bizhan Bassiri[21]
  • 2019 - Samira Alikhanza, Ali Mir-Azimi, and Reza Lavasani [22]

Iraq

In 2011, Iraq returned to the Biennale for the first time after a 35-year absence. The title of the Iraq Pavilion was "Acqua Ferita" (translated as "Wounded Water"). Six Iraqi artists from two generations interpreted the theme of water in their works, which made up the exhibition.

  • 2011 — Adel Abidin, Halim Al Karim, Ahmed Alsoudani, Ali Assaf, Azad Nanakeli, Walid Siti
  • 2013 — 'Welcome to Iraq', curated by Jonathan Watkins, commissioned by Ruya Foundation. Artists: Abdul Raheem Yassir (b. 1951), Akeel Khreef (b. 1979), Ali Samiaa (b. 1980), Bassim Al-Shaker (b. 1986), Cheeman Ismaeel (b. 1966), Furat al Jamil (b. 1965), Hareth Alhomaam (b. 1987), Jamal Penjweny (b. 1981), Kadhim Nwir (b. 1967), Yaseen Wami (b. 1973), Hashim Taeeh.[23]
  • 2015 — 'Invisible Beauty', curated by Philippe Van Cauteren, commissioned by Ruya Foundation. Artists: Latif Al Ani, Akam Shex Hadi, Rabab Ghazoul, Salam Atta Sabri and Haider Jabbar.[24]
  • 2017 — 'Archaic', curated by Tamara Chalabi and Paolo Colombo, commissioned by Ruya Foundation. Artists: Sherko Abbas, Sadik Kwaish Alfraji, Francis Alÿs, Ali Arkady, Luary Fadhil, Shakir Hassan Al Said, Nadine Hattom, Jawad Saleem, Sakar Sleman[25][26]
  • 2019 — 'Fatherland: Serwan Baran', curated by Tamara Chalabi and Paolo Colombo, commissioned by Ruya Foundation. Artist: Serwan Baran (b. 1968).[27][28]

Ireland

List of exhibitors in the Irish Pavilion:

Italy

"Palazzo Pro Arte": Enrico Trevisanato, façade by Marius De Maria and Bartholomeo Bezzi, 1895; new façade by Guido Cirilli, 1914; "Padiglione Italia", present façade by Duilio Torres, 1932. The pavilion has a sculpture garden by Carlo Scarpa, 1952 and the "Auditorium Pastor" by Valeriano Pastor, 1977.[13]

Partial list of exhibitors at the Italian Pavilion:

Republic of Kosovo

List of exhibitors in the Kosovo Pavilion:

  • 2013 — Petrit Halilaj (Curator: Kathrin Rhomberg. Commissioner: Erzen Shkololli)[35][36]
  • 2015 — Flaka Haliti (Curator: Nicolaus Schafhausen)
  • 2017 — Sislej Xhafa (Curator: Arta Agani, Commissioner: Valon Ibraj)
  • 2019 — Alban Muja (Curator: Vincent Honoré)[37]

Kuwait

List of exhibitors in the Kuwait Pavilion:

Lebanon

Lebanon was present at the Biennale for the first time in 2007.[39] After being absent in 2009 and 2011, it is coming back in 2013.[40]

Latvia

List of exhibitors in the Latvian Pavilion:

Lithuania

List of exhibitors in the Lithuanian Pavilion:

  • 1999 — Mindaugas Navakas and Eglė Rakauskaitė
  • 2001 — Deimantas Narkevičius
  • 2003 — Svajonė Stanikas and Paulius Stanikas
  • 2005 — Jonas Mekas
  • 2007 — Nomeda Urbonienė and Gediminas Urbonas
  • 2009 — Žilvinas Kempinas
  • 2011 — Darius Mikšys
  • 2013 — Gintaras Didžiapetris, Elena Narbutaitė, Liudvikas Buklys, Kazys Varnelis, Vytautė Žilinskaitė, Morten Norbye Halvorsen, Jason Dodge, Gabriel Lester, Dexter Sinister (Curator: Raimundas Malašauskas)
  • 2015 — Dainius Liškevičius
  • 2017 — Žilvinas Landzbergas
  • 2019 — Rugilė Barzdžiukaitė, Vaiva Grainytė, Lina Lapelytė

Luxembourg

The Cà del Duca, situated on the Canale Grande, has been the permanent site for Luxembourg's participations in the Venice Biennale since 1999.

List of exhibitors in the Luxembourg Pavilion:

  • 1990 — Marie-Paule Feiereisen
  • 1993 — Jean-Marie Biwer, Bertrand Ney
  • 1995 — Bert Theis
  • 1997 — Luc Wolf
  • 1999 — Simone Decker
  • 2001 — Doris Drescher
  • 2003 — Su-Mei Tse
  • 2007 — Jill Mercedes
  • 2009 — Gast Bouschet, Nadine Hilbert
  • 2011 — Martine Feipel, Jean Bechameil (Curator: René Kockelkorn)
  • 2013 — Catherine Lorent
  • 2015 — Filip Markiewicz (Curator: Paul Ardenne)
  • 2017 — Mike Bourscheid (Curator: Kevin Muhlen)
  • 2019 — Marco Godinho[42]

Macao

List of exhibitors in the Macao Pavilion:

  • 2015 — Mio Pang Fei

Maldives

The Maldives Pavilion was introduced in 2013.[43] List of exhibitors in the Maldives Pavilion:

  • 2013 — Mohamed Ali, Sama Alshaibi, Ursula Biemann, Stefano Cagol, Wael Darwesh, Moomin Fouad, Thierry Geoffrey (aka Colonel), Khaled Hafez, Heidrun Holzfeind & Christoph Draeger, Hanna Husberg, Laura McLean & Kalliopi Tsipni-Kolaza, Achilleas Kentonis & Maria Papacaharalambous, Paul Miller (aka DJ Spooky), Gregory Niemeyer, Khaled Ramada, Oliver Ressler, Klaus Schafler, Patrizio Travagli, Wooloo (Sixten Kai Nielsen and Martin Rosengaard), (Curators CPS – Chamber of Public Secrets: Alfredo Cramerotti, Aida Eltorie, Khaled Ramadan)

Malta

The Malta Pavilion returned to the Venice Biennale in 2017.[44] They also exhibited in 2000 and 1958. List of exhibitors in the Malta Pavilion:

  • 1958 — Carmelo Mangion, Antoine Camilleri, Emvin Cremona, Frank Portelli, Josef Kalleya
  • 1999 — Vince Briffa, Norbert Francis Attard, Ray Pitre (Curator: Adrian Bartolo)
  • 2017 — Adrian Abela, John Paul Azzopardi, Aaron Bezzina, Pia Borg, Gilbert Calleja, Austin Camilleri, Roxman Gatt, David Pisani, Karine Rougier, Joe Sacco, Teresa Sciberras, Darren Tanti and Maurice Tanti Burlo’ and artefacts from Heritage Malta’s National collection, Ghaqda tal-Pawlini, private collections and various archives (Curators: Raphael Vella and Bettina Hutschek)

Mauritius

The Pavilion of Mauritius was introduced in 2015 with an exhibition ‘From One Citizen You Gather an Idea’.

  • 2015 — Tania Antoshina, Djuneid Dulloo, Sultana Haukim, Nirmal Hurry, Alix Le Juge, Olga Jürgenson, Helge Leiberg, Krishna Luchoomun, Bik Van Der Pol, Vitaly Pushnitsky, Römer + Römer, Kavinash Thomoo (Curators: Olga Jürgenson, Alfredo Cramerotti, Commissioner: pARTage)
  • 2017 — Michael Lalljee, Robert Rauschenberg, SEO, Jacques Desiré, Wong So (Curator: Olga Jürgenson, Executor: Krishna Luchoomun, Commissioner: Thivynaidoo Perumal Naiken)

Mexico

The Mexican Pavilion was introduced for the first time in 1950 with the participation of the Muralists: David Alfaro Siqueiros, Diego Rivera, José Clemente Orozco and Rufino Tamayo. For this participation, David Alfaro Siqueiros was awarded the 1st prize to foreign artists. The national participation was interrupted until 2007. The exhibitors that have represented the pavilion are:

Mongolia

Names of exhibitions, exhibitors, curators and organizers of the Mongolia Pavilion:

New Zealand

List of exhibitors in the New Zealand Pavilion:

North Macedonia

List of exhibitors in the Macedonian Pavilion:

  • 1993 — Gligor Stefanov and Petre Nikoloski
  • 1997 — Aneta Svetieva
  • 1999 — Iskra Dimitrova
  • 2001 — Javon Sumkovski
  • 2003 — Zaneta Bangeli and Vana Urosebic
  • 2005 — Antoni Maznevski
  • 2007 — Blagoja Manevski
  • 2009 — Nikola Uzunovski and Goce Nanevski
  • 2011 — Zarko Basevski and ZERO
  • 2013 — Elpida Hadzi-Vasileva
  • 2015 — Hristina Ivanoska, Yane Calovski (Curator: Basak Senova)
  • 2017 — Tome Adzievski (Curator: Branislav Sarkanjac)
  • 2019 — Nada Prlja (Curator: Jovanka Popova)

Northern Ireland

List of exhibitors in the Northern Ireland Pavilion:

  • 2005 — "The Nature of Things", group show with Patrick Bloomer, Patrick Keogh, Ian Charlesworth, Factotum, Séamus Harahan, Michael Hogg, Sandra Johnston, Mary McIntyre, Katrina Moorhead, William McKeown, Darren Murray, Aisling O'Beirn, Peter Richards and Alistair Wilson (curator: Hugh Mulholland)
  • 2007 — Willie Doherty (Curator: Hugh Mulholland)
  • 2009 — Susan MacWilliam (Curator: Karen Downey)

Pakistan

In 2019, Pakistan officially participated in the Venice Biennale for the first time.[47]

List of exhibitors in the Pakistani Pavilion:

  • 2019 — Naiza Khan (Curator: Zahra Khan)[47]

Peru

List of exhibitors in the Peruvian Pavilion:

  • 2015 — Raimond Chávez, Gilda Mantilla (Curator: Max Hernández-Calvo)
  • 2017 — Juan Javier Salazar (Curator: Rodrigo Quijano)

Philippines

List of exhibitors in the Philippines Pavilion:

  • 1964 — Jose Joya
  • 2015 — Manuel Conde, Carlos Francisco, Manny Montelibano, Jose Tence Ruiz (Curator: Patrick D. Flores)
  • 2017 — Manuel Ocampo, Lani Maestro (Curator: Joselina Cruz)[48]
  • 2019 — Mark Justiniani (Curator: Tessa Maria Guazon)[49]

Portugal

In 1997, Portugal announced plans to build its own pavilion;[16] these have not materialized since.

List of exhibitors:

  • 1997 – Julião Sarmento[16]
  • 2007 – Ângela Ferreira
  • 2011 – Francisco Tropa (Curator: Sergio Mah)
  • 2013 – Joana Vasconcelos (Curator: Miguel Amado)
  • 2015 – João Louro (Curator: María de Corral)
  • 2017 — José Pedro Croft (Curator: João Pinharanda)
  • 2019 — Leonor Antunes (Curator: João Ribas)[50]

San Marino

List of exhibitors:[51]

  • 1982 — Gilberto Giovagnoli, Walter Gasperoni (curated by Achille Bonito Oliva)
  • 2011 — Group exhibition of 13 artists, including Dorothee Albrecht, Marco Bravura, Cristian Ceccaroni, Daniela Comani, Ottavio Fabbri, Verdiano Manzi, Patrizia Merendi, Omar Paolucci, Cristina Rotondaro, Lars Teichmann, Thea Tini, Daniela Tonelli, Paola Turroni
  • 2015 — Group exhibition of 11 artists, including Xu De Qi, Liu Ruowang, Ma Yuan, Li Lei, Zhang Hong Mei, Eleonora Mazza, Giovanni Giulianelli, Giancarlo Frisoni, Tony Margiotta, Elisa Monaldi, Valentina Pazzini
  • 2019 — Group exhibition of 12 artists including Gisella Battistini, Gabriele Gambuti, Giovanna Fra, Thea Tini, Chen Chengwei, Li Geng, Dario Ortiz, Tang Shuangning, Jens W. Beyrich, Xing Junqin, Xu de Qi, and Sebastián. Special Project by Martina Conti curated by Alessandro Castiglioni and Emma Zanella[52]

Scotland

List of exhibitors in the Scottish Pavilion:

Seychelles

The Seychelles Pavilion was first introduced in 2015, by the proposal of artist Nitin Shroff,[55] featuring "A Clockwork Sunset".[56] The Pavilion was commissioned by the Seychelles Art Projects Foundation and curated by Sarah J. McDonald and Victor Schaub Wong.

List of exhibitors in the Seychelles Pavilion:

  • 2015 — George Camille, Leon Wilma Lois Radegonde
  • 2017 — Alyssa Adams, Tristan Adams, George Camille, Christine Chetty-Payet, Zoe Chong Seng, Daniel Dodin, Charle Dodo, Allen Ernest Christine Harter, Nigel Henri, Alcide Libanotis, Marc Luc, Egbert Marday, Colbert Nourrice, Leon Radegonde, Danny Sopha (Curator: Martin Kennedy)

Singapore

List of exhibitors in the Singapore Pavilion:

  • 2001 — Chen KeZhan, Salleh Japar, Matthew Ngui, Suzann Victor (Curators: Ahmad Mashadi and Joanna Lee)
  • 2003 — Heman Chong, Francis Ng, Tan Swie Hian (Curator: Low Sze Wee)
  • 2005 — Lim Tzay Chuen (Curator: Eugene Tan)
  • 2007 — Tang Da Wu, Vincent Leow, Jason Lim and Zulkifle Mahmod (Curator: Lindy Poh)
  • 2009 — Ming Wong (Curator: Tang Fu Kuen)
  • 2011 — Ho Tzu Nyen (Curator: June Yap)
  • 2015 — Charles Lim (Curator: Shabbir Hussain Mustafa)
  • 2017 — Zai Kuning (No curator, following June Yap's withdrawal from the position)[57]
  • 2019 — Ang Song-Ming (Curator: Michelle Ho)[58]

Slovenia

List of exhibitors in the Slovenian Pavilion:

  • 2007 — Tobias Putrih
  • 2009 — Miha Štrukelj
  • 2013 — Jasmina Cibic[59]
  • 2015 — Jaša Mrevlje Pollak (Curators: Michele Drascek, Aurora Fonda)[60]
  • 2017 — Nika Autor (Curator: Andreja Hribernik)[60]
  • 2019 — Marko Peljhan

South Africa

Taiwan

The Taiwan Pavilion is housed in the Palazzo delle Prigioni[63]

Turkey

In 2013, Turkey signed a 20-year lease for a national pavilion at the Venice Biennale. The state-funded Istanbul Foundation for Culture and Arts is the co-ordinator of the Turkish pavilion.[68]

List of exhibitors in the Turkish Pavilion:

Tuvalu

Despite the cost to the third world country, Tuvalu decided to develop its first national pavilion in 2013 to highlight the negative effects of global warming on the nation, which is forecast to be one of the first countries to disappear due to sea level rise caused by climate change.[72] After working closely with Taiwanese eco artist Vincent J.F. Huang at the 2012 UNFCCC COP18 session in Doha, Qatar and collaborating with the artist on several occasions, Tuvalu's government invited Huang to act as the representative artist for the pavilion.[72] All of the artworks at the 2013 Tuvalu Pavilion focused on climate change and included In the Name of Civilization, a giant oil rig turned agent of destruction, and Prisoner's Dilemma, a depiction of the Statue of Liberty kneeling in apology to ghostly portraits of terra-cotta penguins symbolic of ecological sacrifices made to further the development of human civilization.[73]

List of exhibitors for the Tuvalu Pavilion:

  • 2013 — Vincent J.F. Huang (Curators: An-Yi Pan, Li Szuhsien, Shih Shuping)
  • 2015 — Vincent J.F. Huang (Curator: Thomas J. Berghuis)

Ukraine

The PinchukArtCentre sponsored Ukraine's pavilions in 2007, 2009 and 2015.[74]

List of exhibitors in the Ukrainian Pavilion:

  • 2005 — Mykola Babak «Your Children, Ukraine» (Curator: Oleksiy Tytarenko)
  • 2011 — Oksana Mas «Post-vs-Proto-Renaissance» (Curator: Oleksiy Rogotchenko)
  • 2013 — Ridnyi Mykola, Zinkovskyi Hamlet, Kadyrova Zhanna (Curators: Soloviov Oleksandr, Burlaka Victoria)
  • 2015 — Yevgenia Belorusets, Nikita Kadan, Zhanna Kadyrova, Mykola Ridnyi & Serhiy Zhadan, Artem Volokitin, Anna Zvyagintseva and Open Group (Curator: Björn Geldhof)
  • 2017 — Boris Mikhailov (Curator: Peter Doroshenko)

United Arab Emirates

The United Arab Emirates' Venice pavilion first opened in 2009, but 2015 was the first time an Emirati has served as curator.

List of exhibitors in the UAE Pavilion:

Wales

The Wales pavilion was introduced in 2003.[78][79]

List of exhibitors in the Wales Pavilion:

Zimbabwe
  • 2011 — Tapfuma Gutsa, Misheck Masamvu, Berry Bickle, Calvin Dondo (Commissioner: Doreen Sibanda; curator: Raphael Chikukwa)
  • 2013 — Portia Zvavahera, Michele Mathison, Rashid Jogee, Voti Thebe, Virginia Chihota (Commissioner: Doreen Sibanda; curator: Raphael Chikukwa)
  • 2015 — Chikonzero Chazunguza, Masimba Hwati, Gareth Nyandoro (Commissioner: Doreen Sibanda; curator: Raphael Chikukwa)
  • 2017 — Charles Bhebe, Admire Kamudzengerere, Sylvester Mubayi, Dana Whabira (Commissioner: Doreen Sibanda; curator: Raphael Chikukwa)
  • 2019 — Kudzanai-Violet Hwami, Neville Starling, Georgina Maxim, Cosmas Shiridzinomwa (Commissioner: Doreen Sibanda; curator: Raphael Chikukwa)[90]

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Bibliography

Further reading
  • Droitcour, Brian (August 28, 2015). "Pavilion Problems". Art in America. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
  • Mulazzani, Marco (2014). Guida ai padiglioni della Biennale di Venezia dal 1887 (in Italian). Milano: Electa architettura. ISBN 978-88-918-0052-7. OCLC 963880895.

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