New Gloucester, Maine

New Gloucester is a town in Cumberland County, Maine, in the United States. It is home to the Sabbathday Lake Shaker Village, the last active Shaker village in the U.S. The town's population was 5,542 at the 2010 census.[5]

New Gloucester, Maine
Town
Sabbathday Lake Shaker Village
Motto(s): 
"Home of the Shaker Community"[1]
Location in Cumberland County and the state of Maine.
Coordinates: 43°57′27″N 70°17′42″W
CountryUnited States
StateMaine
CountyCumberland
Incorporated1774
VillagesNew Gloucester
Shaker Village
Upper Gloucester
Area
 • Total47.80 sq mi (123.80 km2)
 • Land47.12 sq mi (122.04 km2)
 • Water0.68 sq mi (1.76 km2)
Elevation
449 ft (137 m)
Population
 • Total5,542
 • Estimate 
(2012[4])
5,587
 • Density117.6/sq mi (45.4/km2)
Time zoneUTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)
ZIP code
04260
Area code(s)207
FIPS code23-48820
GNIS feature ID0582619
Websitewww.newgloucester.com

New Gloucester is part of Maine's Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, metropolitan statistical area.

History

New Gloucester was established in 1736 under a Massachusetts Bay Colony grant of a 6-square-mile (16 km2) tract of land in the Maine Territory to sixty inhabitants of the Gloucester fishing village on Cape Ann. The first settlers followed the road newly bushed out from North Yarmouth and built cabins on Harris Hill between 1739 and 1742. The settlement was abandoned from 1744-1751 due to the heightened Indian attacks during King George's War.[6]

Settlers returned and in 1753 commenced work on a two-story, fifty-foot square blockhouse with a palisade stockade 110 feet (34 m) on a side. This was home to twelve families for six years. The men worked at clearing the surrounding 60 acres (240,000 m2) of common land under the protection of two swivel guns manned by a garrison of six soldiers. One attack was made upon the fort, resulting in one scalping and two men captured. As the Indians gradually withdrew to Canada, the settlers moved out into their own newly built homes. The blockhouse continued to serve for worship and town affairs until the first meetinghouse was built in 1773. In 1788, the blockhouse was sold at auction for seven bushels of corn and moved to a farm in the intervale, where it was rebuilt as a hog house.[6]

New Gloucester was incorporated on March 8, 1774,[7] and was named after Gloucester, Massachusetts, the native home of a large share of the early settlers.[8]

New Gloucester became a half shire town with Portland, and the courts met here from 1791 until the organization of Oxford County in 1805, when they returned to Portland. With good soil for agriculture, the town developed as a prosperous farming community. In 1858, when the population was 1,848, other industries included six sawmills, two gristmills and two tanneries.[9]

Sabbathday Lake Shaker Village was founded in 1783 by the United Society of True Believers at what was then called Thompson's Pond Plantation. It was formally organized on April 19, 1794. Today, the village is the last of some over two-dozen religious societies, stretching from Maine to Florida, to be operated by the Shakers themselves. It comprises 18 buildings on 1,800 acres (7.3 km2) of land.[10]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 47.80 square miles (123.80 km2), of which, 47.12 square miles (122.04 km2) of it is land and 0.68 square miles (1.76 km2) is water.[2] New Gloucester is drained by the Royal River.

The town is crossed by Interstate 95, U.S. Route 202 and state routes 4, 26 and 231. It is bordered by the town of Raymond to the west, Poland to the northwest, the city of Auburn to the northeast, Durham to the east, Pownal and North Yarmouth to the southeast, and Gray to the southwest.

Climate

This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, New Gloucester has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.[11]

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
17901,358—
18001,3781.5%
18101,64919.7%
18201,6580.5%
18301,6821.4%
18401,94615.7%
18501,848−5.0%
18601,654−10.5%
18701,496−9.6%
18801,382−7.6%
18901,234−10.7%
19001,162−5.8%
19101,2285.7%
19201,38412.7%
19301,86634.8%
19402,33425.1%
19502,62812.6%
19603,04715.9%
19702,811−7.7%
19803,18013.1%
19903,91623.1%
20004,80322.7%
20105,54215.4%
sources:[5][12]

2010 census

As of the census[3] of 2010, there were 5,542 people, 2,092 households, and 1,534 families living in the town. The population density was 117.6 inhabitants per square mile (45.4/km2). There were 2,295 housing units at an average density of 48.7 per square mile (18.8/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.5% White, 0.3% African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.8% of the population.

There were 2,092 households, of which 36.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.9% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 26.7% were non-families. 18.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 2.99.

The median age in the town was 39.5 years. 24.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28.6% were from 25 to 44; 31.7% were from 45 to 64; and 8.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 50.9% male and 49.1% female.

2000 census

As of the census[13] of 2000, there were 4,803 people, 1,761 households, and 1,313 families living in the town. The population density was 102.0 people per square mile (39.4/km2). There were 1,889 housing units at an average density of 40.1 per square mile (15.5/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.17% White, 0.23% African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.40% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 0.12% from other races, and 0.92% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.56% of the population.

There were 1,761 households, out of which 39.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.2% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.4% were non-families. 18.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.8% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 35.0% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 7.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.1 males.

As of a 2008 estimate, the median income for a household in the town was $60,664 and the per capita income for the town was $24,958. As of the 2000 census and the median income for a family was $57,727. Males had a median income of $35,699 versus $26,358 for females. About 4.0% of families and 5.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.6% of those under age 18 and 9.3% of those age 65 or over.

Arts and culture

Sites of interest

Education

Notable people

References
  1. "Town of New Gloucester, Maine". Town of New Gloucester, Maine. Retrieved August 26, 2012.
  2. "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2012-12-16.
  3. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2012-12-16.
  4. "Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2013-06-11. Retrieved 2013-07-06.
  5. "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): New Gloucester town, Cumberland County, Maine". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 8, 2012.
  6. Coolidge, Austin J.; John B. Mansfield (1859). A History and Description of New England. Boston, Massachusetts: A.J. Coolidge. pp. 225–226. coolidge mansfield history description new england 1859.
  7. "New Gloucester, Maine". City-Data.com. Retrieved August 26, 2012.
  8. Yates, Edgar A.P. (Jun 13, 1928). "Some Maine town names". The Lewiston Daily Sun. p. 4. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  9. Varney, George J. (1886), History of New Gloucester, Maine, Boston, MA: B.B. Russell
  10. Sabbathday Lake Shaker Village & Museum Archived 2007-10-19 at the Wayback Machine
  11. Climate Summary for New Gloucester, Maine
  12. Archived 2011-09-29 at the Wayback Machine, accessed March, 2010.
  13. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  14. "Joseph Brackett Day". American Music Preservation.com. Retrieved August 26, 2012.
  15. 'Obituary-Peleg W. Chandler,' The Post Post, May 29, 1889, pg. 4
  16. Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1900). "Fessenden, Samuel" . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.
  17. "Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress - Retro Member details". bioguideretro.congress.gov. Retrieved 2020-05-01.

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