New York's 31st congressional district

• 1863–1875: Parts of Buffalo
• 1875–1897: All of Wyoming, Genesee and Niagara counties
• 1875–1897: All of Wyoming, Genesee and Niagara counties
• 1903–1913: All of Cayuga, Ontario, Wayne and Yates counties
• 1913-1945: All of Clinton, Essex, Franklin, and St. Lawrence counties
• 1945-1953: All of Fulton, Hamilton, Montgomery, Otsego, and Schenectady counties
• 1953-1963: All of Clinton, Essex, Saratoga, Warren, and Washington counties; parts of Rensselaer county
• 1963-1969: All of Franklin, Jefferson, Lewis, Oswego, and St. Lawrence counties
• 1969-1971: All of Clinton, Franklin, Jefferson, Lewis, Oswego, and St. Lawrence counties
• 1971-1973: All of Clinton, Franklin, Jefferson, and St. Lawrence counties; parts of Essex, and Oswego counties
• 1973-1983: All of Fulton, Hamilton, Herkimer, Oneida, and Schoharie counties; parts of Montgomery, Otsego, and Schenectady counties
• 1983-1993: All of Wyoming county; parts of Cattaraugus, Erie, Livingston, and Ontario counties
• 1993-2003: All of Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Chemung, Schuyler, Steuben, and Yates counties; parts of Cayuga, Seneca, and Tompkins counties

Note that in New York State electoral politics there are numerous minor parties at various points on the political spectrum. Certain parties will invariably endorse either the Republican or Democratic candidate for every office, hence the state electoral results contain both the party votes, and the final candidate votes (Listed as "Recap").

• Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
• Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
• 2000 House election data Clerk of the House of Representatives
• 1998 House election data "
• 1996 House election data "