Niagara County, New York

Niagara County is located in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2010 census, the population was 216,469.[1] The county seat is Lockport.[2] The county name is from the Iroquois word Onguiaahra; meaning the strait or thunder of waters.[3]

See also: Niagara (electoral district)
Niagara County
County
Niagara County Clerks Office
Location within the U.S. state of New York
New York's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 43°19′N 78°47′W
Country United States
State New York
FoundedMarch 11, 1808
SeatLockport
Largest cityNiagara Falls
Area
 • Total1,140 sq mi (3,000 km2)
 • Land522 sq mi (1,350 km2)
 • Water617 sq mi (1,600 km2)  54%
Population
 • Estimate 
(2019)
209,281
 • Density414/sq mi (160/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional districts26th, 27th
Websitewww.niagaracounty.com

Niagara County is part of the Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area, and across the Canada–US border is the province of Ontario.

It is the location of Niagara Falls and Fort Niagara, and has many parks and lake shore recreation communities. In the summer of 2008, Niagara County celebrated its 200th birthday with the first town of the county, Town of Cambria.

History

When counties were established in the New York colony in 1683, the present Niagara County was part of Albany County. Prior to the British, the area was part of New Netherland.

Niagara was an enormous county, including the northern part of New York State as well as all of the present State of Vermont and, in theory, extending westward to the Pacific Ocean. This county was reduced in size on July 3, 1766 by the creation of Cumberland County, and further on March 16, 1770 by the creation of Gloucester County, both containing territory now in Vermont.

On March 12, 1772, what was left of Albany County was split into three parts, one remaining under the name Albany County. One of the other pieces, Tryon County, contained the western portion (and thus, since no western boundary was specified, theoretically still extended west to the Pacific). The eastern boundary of Tryon County was approximately five miles west of the present city of Schenectady, and the county included the western part of the Adirondack Mountains and the area west of the West Branch of the Delaware River. The area then designated as Tryon County now includes 37 counties of New York State. The county was named for William Tryon, colonial governor of New York.

In the years prior to 1776, most of the Loyalists in Tryon County fled to Canada including the likes of local judge John Butler and militia commander Sir John Johnson. In 1784, following the peace treaty that ended the American Revolutionary War, the name of Tryon County was changed to honor the general, Richard Montgomery, who had captured several places in Canada and died attempting to capture the city of Quebec, replacing the name of the hated British governor.

In 1789, Ontario County was split off from Montgomery. In turn, Genesee County was created from Ontario County in 1802.

Niagara County was created from Genesee County in 1808. It was, however, larger than the present Niagara County even though it consisted of only the Town of Cambria.

From 1814 to 1817, records of Cattaraugus County were divided between Belmont (the seat of Allegany County) and Buffalo (then in Niagara County). Niagara County governed the western portion of Cattaraugus County, then known as the town of Perry.

In 1821, Erie County was created from Niagara County.

The county has a number of properties on the National Register of Historic Places.[4]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,140 square miles (3,000 km2), of which 522 square miles (1,350 km2) is land and 617 square miles (1,600 km2) (54%) is water.[5]

Niagara County is in the extreme western part of New York State, just north of Buffalo and adjacent to Lake Ontario on its northern border and the Niagara River and Canada on its western border.

The county's primary geographic feature is Niagara Falls, the riverbed of which has eroded seven miles south over the past 12,000 years since the last Ice Age. The Niagara River and Niagara Falls, are in effect, the drainage ditch for four of the Great Lakes which constitute the world's largest supply of fresh water. The water flows north from Lake Erie, then through the Niagara River, goes over Niagara Falls, and then on to Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River, eventually emptying into the North Atlantic Ocean. Today, tourists and visitors to the Falls see a diminished flow of water over the Falls, since a portion of the flow has been diverted for hydroelectric power purposes. Both the American and Canadian side of the Niagara River have massive electrical power plants.

The spectacular Niagara Gorge is the path Niagara Falls has taken over thousands of years as it continues to erode. Niagara Falls started at the Niagara Escarpment which cuts Niagara County in half in an east–west direction. North of the Escarpment lies the Lake Ontario plain, which is a fertile flatland used to grow grapes, apples, peaches and other fruits and vegetables. The grape variety Niagara, source of most American white grape juice but not esteemed for wine, was first grown in the county, in 1868. Viticulture, or wine culture has begun to take place, with several wineries below the escarpment. This has helped to improve the depressed economy of the region. To further capitalize on economic development, the state has created the Niagara Wine Trail.

Adjacent counties and areas

Major highways
Main articles: Highways in Niagara County, New York and List of county routes in Niagara County, New York

State protected areas

Government and politics

Niagara County was long a Democratic county, voting Democratic since 1980 with the exception of Reagan's 1984 landslide. However, in 2016, Trump's appeal with white-working class voters flipped this county to a decisive 18-point Republican win, bigger than Reagan's 11-point win.

Structure

Niagara County is governed by a 15-member Legislature, with the Chairman of the Legislature as the de facto head of county government. Currently, there are 11 members of the Republican-led Majority Caucus and four members of the Democrat-led Minority Caucus. The Legislature formerly consisted of 19 members, but was downsized to 15 seats effective January 1, 2012 based on the results of a public referendum.

A subordinate county manager reports to the County Legislature. Richard Updegrove, who previously served as Republican Majority leader for 8 years, is Niagara County Manager.

Niagara County Legislature

(Majority Caucus in bold; Minority Caucus in ital.)

Chairman Rebecca J. Wydysh

Vice Chairman John Syracuse

Majority Leader Randy R. Bradt

Minority Leader Dennis Virtuoso

Legislator Irene M. Myers (1st District—Towns of Lewiston and Porter)

Legislator Rebecca J. Wydysh (2nd District—Towns of Wheatfield and Lewiston)

Legislator Mark J. Grozio (3rd District—City of Niagara Falls)

Legislator Owen Steed (4th District—City of Niagara Falls)

Legislator Christopher A. Robins (5th District—City of Niagara Falls)

Legislator Dennis F. Virtuoso (6th District—City of Niagara Falls)

Legislator Jesse P. Gooch (7th District—Town of Wheatfield and City of North Tonawanda)

Legislator Richard L. Andres (8th District—City of North Tonawanda)

Legislator Randy R. Bradt (9th District—City of North Tonawanda)

Legislator David E. Godfrey (10th District—Towns of Cambria, Wilson and Wheatfield)

Legislator Anthony J. Nemi (11th District—City of Lockport, Towns of Lockport and Pendleton)

Legislator Will Collins (12th District—Town of Lockport and City of Lockport)

Legislator Anita Mullane (13th District—City of Lockport)

Legislator John Syracuse (14th District—Towns of Newfane and Somerset)

Legislator Michael A. Hill (15th District—Towns of Royalton and Hartland)

Governing functions of the Legislature rely on a committee system; currently, there are five standing committees and one long-term ad hoc committee. The five standing committees are Administration, chaired by Nemi; Community Services, chaired by McNall; Community Safety and Security, chaired by Godfrey; Economic Development, chaired by Lance; and Public Works, chaired by Syracuse. An ad hoc Refuse Disposal District Committee is chaired by Hill.

The Administration Committee has oversight of the following government departments: County Manager, County Attorney, Management & Budget, Treasurer, Audit, Real Property, Data Processing, Legislature Office, Printing/Mailing, Human Resources, Civil Service, Risk Management, and Board of Elections.

The Community Services Committee has oversight of the following government departments: Social Services, Employment & Training, Youth Bureau, Office of Aging, Public Health, Mental Health, NCCC, County Clerk/DMV, Historian, and Veterans Services.

The Community Safety and Security Committee has oversight of the following government departments: Sheriff, District Attorney, Public Defender, Probation, Fire Coordinator/Emergency Services, and Coroners.

The Economic Development Committee has oversight of the Niagara County Center for Economic Development and the Niagara County Industrial Development Agency.

The Public Works Committee has oversight of the following government departments: Public Works, Parks/Golf Course, Refuse Disposal District, Sewer District, Water District, and Weights & Measures.

Additionally, the ad hoc Refuse Disposal District Committee has oversight of that District.

The dominant political party in the Niagara County Legislature is currently the Republican Party, which is ancestrally the dominant party in Niagara County.

Other entities

In addition to the areas mentioned above, much of Niagara County is serviced by a Water District and a Sewer District. Both bodies are subordinate to the County Legislature; the former has a direct relationship, while the latter is currently under limited oversight of the town supervisors within the district.

Other elected officers

County Clerk Joseph A. Jastrzemski (R)

Treasurer Kyle R. Andrews (D)

Sheriff James R. Voutour (D)

District Attorney Caroline A. Wojtaszek (D)

Coroner, 1st District Dwon Daniels (D)

Coroner, 2nd District Joseph V. Mantione (R) Mantione is also the senior coroner, having served longest of the four county coroners.

Coroner, 3rd District Cal Rhoney (R)

Coroner, 4th District Michael Ross (R)

State and federal government
Presidential election results
Presidential elections results[6]
Year Republican Democratic Third parties
2020 53.9% 56,068 44.2% 46,029 2.0% 2,026
2016 56.2% 51,961 38.5% 35,559 5.3% 4,882
2012 48.6% 43,240 49.4% 43,986 2.0% 1,787
2008 48.7% 46,348 49.7% 47,303 1.7% 1,621
2004 48.8% 47,111 49.3% 47,602 1.9% 1,867
2000 43.9% 40,952 51.2% 47,781 4.9% 4,537
1996 35.2% 31,438 49.4% 44,203 15.4% 13,803
1992 31.5% 30,401 36.9% 35,649 31.6% 30,534
1988 49.0% 42,537 50.4% 43,801 0.6% 530
1984 55.2% 51,289 44.6% 41,368 0.2% 201
1980 44.9% 38,760 46.8% 40,405 8.4% 7,229
1976 51.1% 46,101 48.4% 43,667 0.5% 471
1972 58.2% 54,777 41.4% 38,991 0.3% 323
1968 44.1% 38,796 47.8% 41,999 8.1% 7,130
1964 29.9% 28,663 70.1% 67,260 0.1% 62
1960 49.1% 50,001 50.8% 51,680 0.1% 84
1956 67.4% 62,433 32.6% 30,161 0.0% 0
1952 60.0% 54,843 39.9% 36,504 0.1% 108
1948 49.7% 35,858 47.2% 34,119 3.1% 2,242
1944 51.8% 37,614 48.0% 34,850 0.3% 202
1940 52.4% 36,729 47.4% 33,207 0.2% 165
1936 49.1% 30,144 47.6% 29,207 3.4% 2,064
1932 58.3% 30,852 39.3% 20,765 2.4% 1,274
1928 63.4% 33,229 32.2% 16,881 4.5% 2,343
1924 68.0% 25,874 21.0% 7,993 11.0% 4,195
1920 68.3% 21,193 23.9% 7,416 7.8% 2,423
1916 57.5% 12,212 39.4% 8,367 3.0% 645
1912 30.1% 5,654 40.7% 7,647 29.3% 5,507
1908 54.8% 11,145 42.1% 8,574 3.1% 637
1904 56.8% 10,881 39.4% 7,550 3.8% 724
1900 53.1% 9,352 43.9% 7,726 3.0% 523
1896 55.7% 8,626 41.6% 6,441 2.7% 423
1892 45.8% 6,663 47.1% 6,850 7.0% 1,024
1888 49.2% 6,886 45.9% 6,429 4.9% 684
1884 46.5% 5,875 49.0% 6,193 4.5% 569
OfficeDistrictArea of the countyOfficeholderPartyFirst took officeResidence
CongressmanNew York's 26th congressional districtNorth Tonawanda, Tonawanda, Niagara Falls[7]Brian HigginsDemocratic2013Buffalo, Erie County
CongressmanNew York's 27th congressional districtAll points not in 26th[8]Chris JacobsRepublican2020Orchard Park, Erie County
State Senator62nd State Senate DistrictAll[9]Robert G. OrttRepublican2015Newfane, Niagara County
State Assemblyman140th State Assembly DistrictNorth Tonawanda[10]Robin L. SchimmingerDemocratic1977Kenmore, Erie County
State Assemblyman144th State Assembly DistrictRoughly the north and east parts of the county (Towns of Hartland, Lockport, Newfane, Porter, Royalton, Somerset, Wilson)[11]Michael NorrisRepublican2017Lockport, Niagara County
State Assemblyman145th State Assembly DistrictRoughly the west part of the county (Towns of Cambria, Lewiston, Niagara, Wheatfield, City of Niagara Falls, Tuscarora Reservation)[12]Angelo MorinelloRepublican2017Niagara Falls, Niagara County
State Assemblyman146th State Assembly DistrictPendleton[13]Raymond W. WalterRepublican2013East Amherst, Erie County

Niagara County is part of:

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
18108,971—
182022,990156.3%
183018,482−19.6%
184031,13268.4%
185042,27635.8%
186050,39919.2%
187050,4370.1%
188054,1737.4%
189062,49115.4%
190074,96120.0%
191092,03622.8%
1920118,70529.0%
1930149,32925.8%
1940160,1107.2%
1950189,99218.7%
1960242,26927.5%
1970235,720−2.7%
1980227,354−3.5%
1990220,756−2.9%
2000219,846−0.4%
2010216,469−1.5%
2019 (est.)209,281[14]−3.3%
U.S. Decennial Census[15]
1790-1960[16] 1900-1990[17]
1990-2000[18] 2010-2019[1]

As of the census of 2010, there were 216,469 people, 87,846 households, and 58,593 families residing in the county. The population density was 420 people per square mile (162/km2). There were 95,715 housing units at an average density of 183 per square mile (71/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 90.70% White, 6.15% Black or African American, 0.94% Native American, 0.58% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.40% from other races, and 1.21% from two or more races. 1.33% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 23.6% were of German, 18.1% Italian, 11.3% Irish, 11.2% Polish and 8.3% English ancestry. 94.5% spoke English, 1.6% Spanish and 1.0% Italian as their first language.

There were 87,846 households, out of which 30.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.30% were married couples living together, 12.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.30% were non-families. 28.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.70% under the age of 18, 8.50% from 18 to 24, 28.40% from 25 to 44, 23.10% from 45 to 64, and 15.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 93.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.50 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $38,136, and the median income for a family was $47,817. Males had a median income of $37,468 versus $24,668 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,219. About 8.20% of families and 10.60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.00% of those under age 18 and 7.30% of those age 65 or over.

Education

Niagara University is located in Lewiston, New York. Niagara County Community College is located in Sanborn, New York. Many Niagara County residents also attend Erie and other Western New York County Schools. In the Buffalo Metro area there are more than 20 public and private colleges and universities offering programs in technical and vocational training, graduate, and professional studies.

Communities
Map of Niagara County's municipalities

Cities

Towns

Villages
Also a map showing Niagara County's municipalities, but with Census Designated Places and Hamlets

Census-designated places

Indian reservations

See also

Footnotes
  1. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved October 12, 2013.
  2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  3. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-02-06. Retrieved 2008-10-09.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Retrieved 9 October 2008
  4. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. April 15, 2008.
  5. "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on May 19, 2014. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  6. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org.
  7. W, Eric (2012-04-02). "Congressional District 26" (PDF). View 2012 Congressional Maps. Albany, New York: The New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
  8. W, Eric (2012-04-02). "Congressional District 27" (PDF). View 2012 Congressional Maps. Albany, New York: The New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
  9. W, Eric (2012-03-02). "Senate District 62" (PDF). View 2012 Senate District Maps. Albany, New York: The New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. Retrieved 2013-01-06.
  10. W, Eric (2012-01-25). "Assembly District 140" (PDF). View Proposed 2012 Assembly District Maps. Albany, New York: The New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. Retrieved 2013-01-16.
  11. W, Eric (2012-01-25). "Assembly District 144" (PDF). View Proposed 2012 Assembly District Maps. Albany, New York: The New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. Retrieved 2013-01-16.
  12. W, Eric (2012-01-25). "Assembly District 145" (PDF). View Proposed 2012 Assembly District Maps. Albany, New York: The New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. Retrieved 2013-01-16.
  13. W, Eric (2012-01-25). "Assembly District 146" (PDF). View Proposed 2012 Assembly District Maps. Albany, New York: The New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. Retrieved 2013-01-16.
  14. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved March 26, 2020.
  15. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  16. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  17. "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  18. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 6, 2015.

Further reading

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