Paclobutrazol

Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a plant growth retardant and triazole fungicide. It is a known antagonist of the plant hormone gibberellin. It acts by inhibiting gibberellin biosynthesis, reducing internodial growth to give stouter stems, increasing root growth, causing early fruitset and increasing seedset in plants such as tomato[1] and pepper.[2] PBZ has also been shown to reduce frost sensitivity in plants. Moreover, paclobutrazol can be used as a chemical approach for reducing the risk of lodging in cereal crops.(kamran et al 2017). PBZ is used by arborists to reduce shoot growth and has been shown to have additional positive effects on trees and shrubs. Among those are improved resistance to drought stress, darker green leaves, higher resistance against fungi and bacteria, and enhanced development of roots.[3][4][5][6] Cambial growth, as well as shoot growth, has been shown to be reduced in some tree species.[7]

Paclobutrazol
Names
IUPAC name
(2RS,3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-3-ol
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
Abbreviations PBZ
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.121.374
UNII
Properties
C15H20ClN3O
Molar mass 293.80 g·mol−1
Appearance off-white to beige solid
Density 1.19 g/cm3
Melting point 165-166℃
Boiling point 460.9 °C (861.6 °F; 734.0 K) at 760 mHg
26 mg/L (20 °C)
Hazards
Main hazards Xn
Flash point 232.6 °C (450.7 °F; 505.8 K)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Application methods

PBZ is normally applied to the soil to be taken up by the roots and transported via the xylem to the upper parts of the plant. Foliar application is mostly ineffective.[2] Seeds can be soaked with PBZ to reduce seedling growth.[8]

References

  1. Berova, Malgorzata; Zlatev, Zlatko (2000). "Physiological response and yield of paclobutrazol treated tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)". Plant Growth Regulation. 30 (2): 117. doi:10.1023/A:1006300326975.
  2. Grossi; et al. (2005). "Effects of paclobutrazol on growth and fruiting characteristics of Pitanga ornamental pepper". Acta Horticulturae. 683 (683): 333–336. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2005.683.41.
  3. Chaney et al. 1996
  4. Fletcher, R. Austin; Gilley, Angela; Sankhla, Narendra; Davis, Tim D. (2010). "Triazoles as Plant Growth Regulators and Stress Protectants". Horticultural Reviews. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: 55–138. doi:10.1002/9780470650776.ch3. ISBN 9780470650776.
  5. Rademacher, Wilhelm (June 2000). "Growth Retardants: Effects on Gibberellin Biosynthesis and Other Metabolic Pathways". Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology. 51 (1): 501–531. doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.51.1.501. PMID 15012200.
  6. Chaney 2003
  7. Bai et al. 2004
  8. Claudio C. Pasian; Mark A. Bennett (January 2004). "Paclobutrazol-Soaked Ornamental Kale Seeds Produce Short Seedlings" (PDF). Ornamental Plants Annual Reports and Research Reviews (Special Circular 193).


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