Politics of Lesotho

Politics of Lesotho takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic constitutional monarchy, whereby the Prime Minister of Lesotho is the head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of Parliament, the Senate and the National Assembly. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.

Executive branch

Main office holders
Office Name Party Since
King Letsie III 7 February 1996
Prime Minister Moeketsi Majoro All Basotho Convention 20 May 2020

The Lesotho Government is a constitutional monarchy. The Prime Minister, Moeketsi Majoro, is head of government and has executive authority. The King serves a largely ceremonial function; he no longer possesses any executive authority and is proscribed from actively participating in political initiatives. According to the constitution, the leader of the majority party in the assembly automatically becomes prime minister; the monarch is hereditary, but, under the terms of the constitution which came into effect after the March 1993 election, the monarch is a "living symbol of national unity" with no executive or legislative powers; under traditional law the college of chiefs has the power to determine who is next in the line of succession, who shall serve as regent in the event that the successor is not of mature age, and may even depose the monarch.

Legislative branch

Parliament has two chambers. The National Assembly has 120 members, elected for a five-year term, 80 in single-seat constituencies and 40 by proportional representation. The Senate has 33 nominated members.

Political parties and elections

General elections

Party Votes % Seats +/–
FPTP List Total
All Basotho Convention[lower-alpha 1]235,72940.5247148+2
Democratic Congress150,17225.8226430–17
Lesotho Congress for Democracy52,0528.9511011–1
Alliance of Democrats42,6867.34189New
Movement for Economic Change29,4205.06156New
Basotho National Party23,5414.05055–2
Popular Front for Democracy13,2002.27123+1
National Independent Party6,3751.100110
Reformed Congress of Lesotho4,0370.69011–1
Basutoland Congress Party3,4580.590110
Democratic Party of Lesotho2,8010.48011New
Marematlou Freedom Party2,7610.470110
Lesotho People's Congress2,3640.41000–1
Basotho Democratic National Party1,8180.310000
Lesotho Workers' Party1,7110.290000
Baena1,3930.240000
Hamore Democratic Party1,3110.230000
Lekhotla la Mekhoa le Meetlo1,0240.180000
Majalefa Development Movement1,0240.18000New
True Reconciliation Unity8170.14000New
Basutoland African National Congress6840.120000
Tsebe Social Democrats4020.070000
Community Freedom Movement3220.060000
Basotho Thabeng ea Sinai2790.05000New
Sankatana Social Democracy2460.04000New
All Democratic Cooperation1700.030000
White Horse Party1390.020000
African Unity Movement780.010000
IND PR370.01000
Independent1,6410.280000
Vacant[lower-alpha 1]303
Invalid/blank votes5,617
Total587,30910080401200
Registered voters/turnout1,253,54046.85
Source: IEC
  1. An additional three seats were won by ABC candidates, but the results in those constituencies was declared null, because candidates had died before the election.[1]

Judicial branch

The constitution provides for an independent hierarchical judicial system. The judiciary is made up of the High Court of Lesotho, the Court of Appeal, magistrate's courts, and traditional (customary) courts which exist predominantly in rural areas. There is no trial by jury; rather, judges make rulings alone, or, in the case of criminal trials, with two other judges as observers. The constitution also protects basic civil liberties, including freedom of speech, association, and the press; freedom of peaceful assembly; and freedom of religion. [2]

The Court of Appeal is located in Maseru and consists of a President and 6 justices of Appeal.

The High Court has unlimited original jurisdiction over civil and criminal matters, as well as appellate jurisdiction from the lower courts and comprises a Chief Justice and other puisne judges. Parallel to the High Court is the Labour Court, which is a specialist court dealing exclusively with industrial and labour matters.

Magistrates Courts are presided over by judicial officers (magistrates) employed as civil servants. They are not courts of record and as such their decisions are not binding on future cases.

The Chief Justice and Justices of the Court of Appeal are appointed by the King on the advice of the Prime Minister. Puisne judges of the High Court are appointed by the King on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission. High Court judges may retire any time after attaining the age of 75 but may be removed from office by the King for malfeasance or infirmity.

Chief Justices
  • c. 1968–>1970 Hendrik Rudolf Jacobs (South African)
  • 1974–1975 Joas Tseliso Mapetla
  • 1976–?1986 Taufik Suliman Cotran (afterwards Chief Justice of Belize, 1986)
  • 1987–1991 Brendan Peter Cullinan
  • <1994–2002 Joseph Lebona Kheola
  • 2002–2004 Mahapela Lehohla
    • 2004 Baptista Molai (acting)
    • 2013 Tseliso Monaphathi (acting)
  • 2014-date Nthomeng Majara

Administrative divisions

For administrative purposes, Lesotho is divided into 10 districts, each headed by a district secretary and a district military officer appointed by the central government and the RLDF, respectively. The districts are: Berea, Butha-Buthe, Leribe, Mafeteng, Maseru, Mohales Hoek, Mokhotlong, Qacha's Nek, Quthing, Thaba-Tseka

International organization participation

Lesotho is member of ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SACU, SADC, United Nations, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

Notes and references

  1. Final elections tally announced Lesotho Times, 6 June 2017
  2. "The Law and Legal Research in Lesotho". Hauser Global Law School Program. Retrieved 5 March 2016.

Literature

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