Politics of Shanghai

The Politics of Shanghai[1] is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in the mainland of the People's Republic of China (PRC). In the last few decades the city has produced many of the country's eventual senior leaders, including Jiang Zemin, Zhu Rongji, Wu Bangguo, and Huang Ju.

Shanghai Municipal Government building

Overview

The Mayor of the Shanghai Municipal People's Government (上海市人民政府市长, shorten as 上海市市长 ie Mayor of Shanghai Municipality) is the highest ranking executive official in Shanghai. Since Shanghai is a direct-controlled municipality of China, the Mayor occupies the same level in the order of precedence as provincial governors. However, in the city's dual party-government governing system, the mayor has less power than the Communist Party of China Shanghai Municipal Committee Secretary (中国共产党上海市委员会书记, shorten as 中共上海市委书记), colloquially termed the "Shanghai CPC Party Chief" in English.

Before 1941, Shanghai had a split administration: the International Settlement (governed under the Shanghai Municipal Council), the French Concession, and the Chinese City. The Chinese city was invaded by the Japanese in 1937 and the foreign concessions were occupied by the Japanese in 1941. After the occupation, the foreign powers formally ceded the territory to the Nationalist Government in Chongqing (a move largely symbolic until the Japanese surrender since the Nationalists no longer controlled Shanghai).

List of provincial-level leaders

Secretaries of the Communist Party Shanghai Committee
OrderParty Committee SecretaryTermNotes
1Rao Shushi1949—1950later purged in 1954
2Chen Yi1950—1954Communist revolutionary, Marshal of the People's Liberation Army
Foreign Minister (1958-1972)
3Ke Qingshi1954—1965
4Chen Pixian1965—1967Removed from office during January Storm
5Zhang Chunqiao1971—1976Politburo Standing Committee (1973-1976)
Member of the Gang of Four
Titled "Secretary of the Revolutionary Committee of Shanghai"
6Su Zhenhua1976—1979De facto Peng Chong; General, Admiral
7Peng Chong1979—1980
8Chen Guodong1980—1985
9Rui Xingwen1985—1987
10Jiang Zemin1987—1989Politburo Standing Committee (1989-2002)
General Secretary (1989-2002) and President (1993-2003)
11Zhu Rongji1989—1991Politburo Standing Committee (1997-2002)
Premier (1998-2003)
12Wu Bangguo1991—1994Politburo Standing Committee (2002-2012)
Chairman of the National People's Congress (2002-2012)
13Huang Ju1994— 15 November 2002Politburo Standing Committee (2002-2006)
Vice-Premier (2002-2006)
14Chen Liangyu15 November 2002 — 24 September 2006dismissed for corruption, convicted in 2008, jailed.
—Han Zheng24 September 2006 — 24 March 2007Acting
15Xi Jinping24 March 2007 — 27 October 2007Politburo Standing Committee (2007-)
General Secretary (2012-), President (2013-)
16Yu Zhengsheng27 October 2007 — 20 November 2012Politburo Standing Committee (2012-2017)
National Committee Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
17Han Zheng20 November 2012 — 29 October 2017Politburo Standing Committee (2017- )
Vice-Premier(2018- )
18Li Qiang29 October 2017 —

Mayors of Shanghai

Prior to the establishment of the office of Mayor of Shanghai, the city's administration was overseen by the circuit intendant ("taotai" / "daotai", 道臺). The office was abolished at the fall of the Qing.

MayorTermNotes
Huang Fu7 July 1927 - April 1929First mayor of Shanghai.
Zhang Qun1 April 1929 - 6 January 1932
Wu TiechengJanuary 1932 - April 1937
Yu Hung-chunApril 1937 - November 1937Fled city following fall of Shanghai to the Empire of Japan in the Battle of Shanghai.
Chen GongboNovember 1940 - December 1944Japanese collaborationist
Zhou FohaiDecember 1944 - August 1945last Japanese collaborationist mayor, arrested by Kuomintang forces
K. C. WuAugust 1945 - May 1949last Kuomintang mayor, fled after communist takeover
Chen YiMay 1949 — November 1958military commander
Ke QingshiNovember 1958 — 9 April 1965
Cao DiqiuDecember 1965 — 24 February 1967purged during the Cultural Revolution
Zhang Chunqiao24 February 1967 — October 1976Chairman of Shanghai Revolutionary Committee
Member of Gang of Four, sentenced for treason
Su ZhenhuaNovember 1976 — 7 February 1979Chairman of Shanghai Revolutionary Committee
Peng Chong7 February 1979 — April 1981De facto head from late 1976.
Wang DaohanApril 1981 — July 1985Jiang mentor
Jiang ZeminJuly 1985 — April 1988Promoted to party chief
Zhu RongjiApril 1988 — April 1991Promoted to party chief
Huang JuApril 1991 — February 1995Promoted to party chief
Xu KuangdiFebruary 1995 — 7 December 2001Demoted
Chen Liangyu7 December 2001 — 21 February 2003Promoted to party chief
Han Zheng21 February 2003 — 26 December 2012Concurrently acting party chief 2006-2007, promoted to party chief in 2012
Yang Xiong26 December 2012 — 17 January 2017
Ying Yong20 January 2017 — 12 February 2020
Gong Zheng23 March 2020 —

Chairpersons of Shanghai People's Congress
Main article: Shanghai People's Congress
  1. Yan Youmin (严佑民): 1979－1981
  2. Hu Lijiao (胡立教): 1981－1988
  3. Ye Gongqi (叶公琦): 1988－1998
  4. Chen Tiedi (陈铁迪) (female): 1998－2003
  5. Gong Xueping (龚学平): 2003－2008
  6. Liu Yungeng (刘云耕): 2008－2013
  7. Yin Yicui (殷一璀) (female): 2013－2020
  8. Jiang Zhuoqing (蒋卓庆): 2020－incumbent

Chairpersons of the Political Conference Shanghai Committee
  1. Ke Qingshi (柯庆施): 1955－1958
  2. Chen Pixian (陈丕显): 1958－1967
  3. Peng Chong (彭冲): 1977－1979
  4. Wang Yiping (王一平): 1979－1983
  5. Prof. Li Guohao (李国豪): 1983－1988
  6. Prof. Xie Xide (谢希德) (female): 1988－1993
  7. Chen Tiedi (陈铁迪) (female): 1993－1998
  8. Wang Liping (王力平): 1998－2003
  9. Jiang Yiren (蒋以任): 2003－2008
  10. Feng Guoqin (冯国勤): 2008－2013
  11. Wu Zhiming (吴志明): 2013－2018
  12. Dong Yunhu (董云虎): 2018－incumbent[2]

See also

References
  1. "Politics of Shanghai". South China Morning Post. China. Retrieved August 12, 2013.
  2. Dongfang, Wang (January 27, 2018). "政协上海市第十三届委员会主席、副主席、秘书长和常务委员选举产生|名单-新华网". www.xinhuanet.com. Xinhua News Agency.
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