Presidential elections in Brazil

Direct presidential elections are held in Brazil as part of the general elections every four years, typically in October. The current electoral law provides for a two-round system in which a candidate must receive more than 50% of the vote to win in the first round; if no candidate passes the 50% threshold, a run-off is held between the top two candidates.[1] Every candidate has a running mate who disputes the post of vice-president; prior to 1966, the vice-president was elected separately.

Brazil
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Brazil
Executive
Legislative
Judiciary
Law
Administrative divisions
Recent elections
Foreign relations
 Brazil portal

The country has held presidential elections since 1891, spanning over a period of several different republican governments and national constitutions.

This list shows the winner of the elections and the runner-up.

Old Republic

According to the 1891 Constitution, the right to vote was restricted to men over 21 years old who were not illiterate, homeless or enlisted-rank soldiers.[2] The elections for president and vice-president were held separately and the same person could be a candidate for both.

Overall, only a small portion of the population voted.[3] Since coronelism was common, the colonel elites often persuaded people to vote for certain candidates.

1891

The very first president was elected indirectly by the Congress.

Main article: 1891 Brazilian presidential election
Winner Runner-up
Candidate
Marshal
Deodoro da Fonseca
Prudente de Morais
(PRP)
Votes 129
(55.13%)		 97
(41.45%)

1894

From 1894 on, elections were held every four years.

Main article: 1894 Brazilian general election
Winner Runner-up
Candidate
Prudente de Morais
(PR Federal)
Afonso Pena
(PRM)
Votes 276,583
(80.12%)		 38,291
(11.09%)

1898
Main article: 1898 Brazilian presidential election
Winner Runner-up
Candidate
Campos Sales
(PRP)
Lauro Sodré
(PR Federal)
Votes 420,286
(90.93%)		 38,929
(8.42%)

1902
Main article: 1902 Brazilian presidential election
Winner Runner-up
Candidate
Rodrigues Alves
(PRP)
Quintino Bocaiuva
(PRF)
Votes 592,039
(91.69%)		 42,542
(6.59%)

1906
Main article: 1906 Brazilian presidential election
Winner Runner-up
Candidate
Afonso Pena
(PRM)
Lauro Sodré
(PR Federal)
Votes 288,285
(97.92%)		 4,865
(1.65%)

1910
Main article: 1910 Brazilian presidential election
Winner Runner-up
Candidate
Marshal
Hermes da Fonseca
(PRC)
Ruy Barbosa
(PRP)
Votes 403,867
(64.35%)		 222,822
(35.51%)

1914
Main article: 1914 Brazilian presidential election
Winner Runner-up
Candidate
Venceslau Brás
(PRM)
Ruy Barbosa
(PRL)
Votes 532,107
(91.59%)		 47,782
(8.22%)

1918
Main article: 1918 Brazilian general election
Winner Runner-up
Candidate
Rodrigues Alves
(PRP)
Nilo Peçanha
(PRF)
Votes 386,467
(99%)		 1,768
(0.45%)

1919

Since Rodrigues Alves, the President-elect, caught the Spanish flu before taking office, a new election was held in 1919.

Main article: 1919 Brazilian presidential election
Winner Runner-up
Candidate
Epitácio Pessoa
(PRM)
Ruy Barbosa
(PRP)
Votes 286,373
(70.96%)		 116,414
(28.85%)

1922
Main article: 1922 Brazilian presidential election
Winner Runner-up
Candidate
Artur Bernardes
(PRM)
Nilo Peçanha
(PRF)
Votes 466,877
(59.46%)		 317,714
(40.46%)

1926
Main article: 1926 Brazilian presidential election
Winner Runner-up
Candidate
Washington Luís
(PRP)
Joaquim Assis Brasil
Votes 688 528
(99.70%)		 1,116
(0.16%)

1930
Main article: 1930 Brazilian general election
Winner Runner-up
Candidate
Júlio Prestes
(PRP)
Getúlio Vargas
(AL)
Votes 1 091 709
(59.39%)		 742 794
(40.41%)
  • Other candidates: Minervino de Oliveira

Vargas Era

With the Revolution of 1930, the country was governed until 1930 by a military triumvirate, while Getúlio Vargas was the de facto president (officially President of the Provisional Government).[4] The new Constitution predicted that the first president would be chosen by the Congress in an indirect election.

1934
Main article: 1934 Brazilian presidential election
Winner Runner-up
Candidate
Getúlio Vargas
(AL)
Borges de Medeiros
(PRR)
Votes 175
(70.58%)		 59
(23.79%)
  • Other candidates: Pedro Aurélio de Góis Monteiro, Protógenes Guimarães, Raul Fernandes, Artur Bernardes, Plínio Salgado, Antônio Carlos Ribeiro de Andrada, Afrânio de Melo Franco, Oscar Weinscheck, Paim Filho, Levi Carneiro

A second election was scheduled for 1938, but it did not happen due to the 1937 Revolution, under which another Constitution was written.

Second Republic

After Vargas was forced to resign in 1945, a new state was born under a democratic constitution written in 1946. The new law predicted direct elections every 5 years for both president and vice-president and women could now vote.

1945
Main article: 1945 Brazilian general election
Winner Runner-up
Candidate
Marhsal
Eurico Gaspar
(PSD)
Air Marshal
Eduardo Gomes
(UDN)
Votes 3,251,507
(55.39%)		 2,039,341
(34.74%)

1950
Main article: 1950 Brazilian general election
Winner Runner-up
Candidate
Getúlio Vargas
(PTB)
Air Marshal
Eduardo Gomes
(UDN)
Votes 3,849,040
(48.73%)		 2,342,384
(29.66%)

1955
Main article: 1955 Brazilian presidential election
Winner Runner-up
Candidate
Juscelino Kubitschek
(PSD)
Marshal
Juarez Távora
(PDC)
Votes 3,077,411
(35.68%)		 2,610,462
(30.27%)

1960
Main article: 1960 Brazilian presidential election
Winner Runner-up
Candidate
Jânio Quadros
(PTN)
Marshal
Henrique Teixeira Lott
(PSD)
Votes 5,636,623
(48.26%)		 3,846,825
(32.94%)

Military rule

With the 1964 military coup d'état, the direct democracy ended and presidents (who were all members of military, except for the last one) were now elected by the Congress.[5] The interval between elections was irregular.

1964
Main article: 1964 Brazilian presidential election
Winner Runner-up Third place
Candidate
Marshal
Castelo Branco
Marshal
Juarez Távora
(PDC)
Marshal
Gaspar Dutra
(PSD)
Votes 361
(98.63%)		 3
(0.82%)		 2
(0.54%)

1966
Main article: 1966 Brazilian presidential election

With the two-party system, only ARENA and MDB could dispute elections. President and vice-president were now part of the same ticket. The 1966 and 1969 elections had only one candidate.

Winner Runner-up
Candidate
Marshal
Costa e Silva
(ARENA)		 none
Votes 294
(100%)		 –

1969
Main article: 1969 Brazilian presidential election

First election under the 1967 Constitution.

Winner Runner-up
Candidate
General
Emílio Médici
(ARENA)		 none
Votes 293
(100%)		 –

1974
Main article: 1974 Brazilian presidential election
Winner Runner-up
Candidate
General
Ernesto Geisel
(ARENA)
Ulysses Guimarães
(MDB)
Votes 400
(84.03%)		 76
(15.97%)

1978
Main article: 1978 Brazilian presidential election
Winner Runner-up
Candidate
General
João Figueiredo
(ARENA)
General
Euler Monteiro
(MDB)
Votes 355
(61.20%)		 225
(38.79%)

1985

The two-party system ended in 1979 and many other parties were created. This was the last election under the military regime.

Main article: 1985 Brazilian presidential election
Winner Runner-up
Candidate
Tancredo Neves
(MDB)
Paulo Maluf
(PDS)
Votes 480
(72.73%)		 180
(27.27%)

New Republic

Under the current Constitution enacted in October 1988, elections are held every four years (except for the first one, which was held five years before the second to match the centenary of the Proclamation of the Republic) and citizens elect a ticket for both president and vice-president. Voting is mandatory for men and women between 18 and 70 years old who are not illiterate, and optional for people aged 16–17, over 70, and illiterates.[1]

1989
Main article: 1989 Brazilian presidential election
Winner Runner-up
Candidate
Fernando Collor
(PRN)
Lula
(PT)
Votes
(first round)		 20,611,011
(30.47%)		 11,622,673
(17.18%)
Votes
(second round)		 35,089,998
(53.03%)		 31,076,364
(46.97%)

1994
Main article: 1994 Brazilian general election
Winner Runner-up
Candidate
FHC
(PSDB)
Lula
(PT)
Votes
(first round)		 34,314,961
(54.24%)		 17,112,127
(27.07%)
Votes
(second round)		 – –

1998
Main article: 1998 Brazilian general election
Winner Runner-up
Candidate
FHC
(PSDB)
Lula
(PT)
Votes
(first round)		 35,936,540
(53.06%)		 21,475,218
(31.71%)
Votes
(second round)		 – –

2002
Main article: 2002 Brazilian general election
Winner Runner-up
Candidate
Lula
(PT)
José Serra
(PSDB)
Votes
(first round)		 39,455,233
(46.44%)		 19,705,445
(23.19%)
Votes
(second round)		 52,793,364
(61.27%)		 33,370,739
(38.72%)

2006
Main article: 2006 Brazilian general election
Winner Runner-up
Candidate
Lula
(PT)
Geraldo Alckimin
(PSDB)
Votes
(first round)		 46,662,365
(48.61%)		 39,968,369
(41.64%)
Votes
(second round)		 58,295,042
(60.83%)		 37,543,178
(39.17%)

2010
Main article: 2010 Brazilian presidential election
Winner Runner-up
Candidate
Dilma Rousseff
(PT)
José Serra
(PSDB)
Votes
(first round)		 47,651,434
(46.91%)		 33,132,283
(32.61%)
Votes
(second round)		 55,752,529
(56.05%)		 43,711,388
(43.95%)

2014
Main article: 2014 Brazilian general election
Winner Runner-up
Candidate
Dilma Rousseff
(PT)
Aécio Neves
(PSDB)
Votes
(first round)		 43,267,668
(41.59%)		 34,897,211
(33.55%)
Votes
(second round)		 54,501,118
(51.64%)		 51,041,155
(48.36%)

2018
Main article: 2018 Brazilian general election
Winner Runner-up
Candidate
Jair Bolsonaro
(PSL)
Fernando Haddad
(PT)
Votes
(first round)		 49,276,990
(46.03%)		 31,342,005
(29.28%)
Votes
(second round)		 57,782,731
(55.14%)		 47,017,752
(44.86%)

References
  1. Eleições 2018
  2. Brazilian Constitution of Brazil, 1891. Political Database of the Americas.
  3. Carvalho, José Murilo de (2001). Cidadania no Brasil: o longo caminho (11ª ed.). Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Civilização Brasileira. p. 40. ISBN 978-85-200-0565-1.
  4. "A Revolução de 1930: Principais fatos da Revolução de 1930"
  5. Ato Institucional Nº 1, 9 de abril de 1964
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.