Rhagophthalmidae

The Rhagophthalmidae are a family of beetles within the superfamily Elateroidea. Members of this beetle family have bioluminescent organs on the larvae, and sometimes adults, and are closely related to the Phengodidae (glowworm beetles), though historically they have been often treated as a subfamily of Lampyridae, or as related to that family.[1] Some recent evidence suggested that they were the sister group to the Phengodidae, and somewhat distantly related to Lampyridae, whose sister taxon was Cantharidae,[2] but more reliable genome-based phylogenetics placed (Rhagophthalmidae + Phengodidae) as the sister group to the Lampyridae.[3]

Rhagophthalmidae
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Coleoptera
Suborder: Polyphaga
Infraorder: Elateriformia
Superfamily: Elateroidea
Family: Rhagophthalmidae
Olivier, 1907
Synonyms

Rhagophthalminae

Whatever their relationships may be, Rhagophthalmidae are distributed in the Old World, and little is known of their biology. Females are usually wingless and look like larvae, but have an adult beetle's eyes, antennae and legs; in the genus Diplocladon, they resemble larvae even more, with small light organs on all trunk segments. Larvae and females live in soil and litter and are predaceous; males may be attracted to lights at night.[4][5]

Genera[6]
  • Rhagophthalmus
  • Menghuoius
  • Dioptoma
  • Diplocladon
  • Mimochotyra
  • Bicladodrilus
  • Pseudothilmanus
  • Dodecatoma

References
  1. Stanger-Hall, K.F.; Lloyd, J.E. & Hillis, D.M. (2007) Phylogeny of North American fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae): Implications for the evolution of light signals. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 45(1): 33-49. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.05.013 PMID 17644427
  2. L. Bocak, M. Motyka, M. Bocek, M. Bocakova (2018) Incomplete sclerotization and phylogeny: The phylogenetic classification of Plastocerus (Coleoptera: Elateroidea). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0194026
  3. Kusy, Dominik; Motyka, Michal; Bocek, Matej; Vogler, Alfried P.; Bocak, Ladislav (2018-11-20). "Genome sequences identify three families of Coleoptera as morphologically derived click beetles (Elateridae)". Scientific Reports. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 8 (1): 17084. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-35328-0. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6244081. PMID 30459416.
  4. Branham, M.A. & Wenzel, J.W. (2003) The origin of photic behavior and the evolution of sexual communication in fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Cladistics 19: 1-22.
  5. Lawrence, J.F.; Hastings, A.M.; Dallwitz, M.J.; Paine, T.A. & Zurcher, E.J. (2000) Elateriformia (Coleoptera): descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval for families and subfamilies. Version of 2005-OCT-09.
  6. Liu, Gui‐Chun; Dong, Zhi‐Wei; Hou, Qing‐Bai; He, Jin‐Wu; Zhao, Ruo‐Ping; Wang, Wen; Li, Xue‐Yan (2019-11-06). "Second Rhagophthalmid Luciferase Cloned from Chinese Glow‐worm Menghuoius giganteus (Rhagophthalmidae: Elateroidea)". Photochemistry and Photobiology. Wiley. 96 (1): 46–54. doi:10.1111/php.13172. ISSN 0031-8655. PMID 31581340.
  • Marc A. Branham and John W. Wenzel (2001) The Evolution of Bioluminescence in Cantharoids (Coleoptera: Elateroidea). The Florida Entomologist 84(4):565-586


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