Archostemata
The Archostemata are the smallest suborder of beetles, consisting 45 living species in five families.[1] They are an ancient lineage with a number of primitive characteristics. They are similar in morphology to the first beetles, which appear in the fossil record about 250 million years ago. Antennae may be thread-shaped (filiform) or like a string of beads (moniliform). This suborder also contains the only beetles where both sexes are paedogenic, Micromalthus debilis.
| Archostemata | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Tenomerga mucida | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Archostemata Kolbe, 1908 |
| Families | |
|
Crowsoniellidae | |
These beetles are considered rare. Fossil deposits from the Permian suggest that the Archostemata were once much more common and dispersed over a wide portion of the globe, and the species that remain are scattered vestiges of their former population.
Taxonomy
There are five extant families of Archostemata (Crowsoniellidae, Cupedidae, Jurodidae, Micromalthidae, and Ommatidae) and nine extinct families (Triadocupedidae, Magnocoleidae, Obrieniidae, Asiocoleidae, Tricoleidae, Rhombocoleidae, Phoroschizidae, Schizocoleidae and Triaplidae).[2][3]
- Superfamily Cupedoidea Laporte, 1838
- Family Crowsoniellidae Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1983
- Family Cupedidae Laporte, 1838
- Subfamily Priacminae Crowson, 1962
- Subfamily †Mesocupedinae Ponomarenko, 1969
- Subfamily Cupedinae Laporte, 1836
- Family Micromalthidae Barber, 1913
- Family Ommatidae Sharp and Muir, 1912
- Subfamily †Brochocoleinae Hong, 1982
- Subfamily Tetraphalerinae Crowson, 1962
- Subfamily Ommatinae Sharp and Muir, 1912
- Tribe †Lithocupedini Ponomarenko, 1969
- Tribe †Notocupedini Ponomarenko, 1966
- Tribe Ommatini Sharp and Muir, 1912
- Family Jurodidae Ponomarenko, 1985
- Family †Triadocupedidae Ponomarenko, 1966
- Family †Magnocoleidae Hong, 1998
- Family †Obrieniidae Zherikhin and Gratshev, 1994
- Subfamily †Kararhynchinae Zherikhin and Gratshev, 1994
- Tribe †Kararhynchini Zherikhin and Gratshev, 1994
- Tribe †Kenderlykanini Legalov, 2009 (= †Kenderlykaini Legalov, 2009)
- Subfamily †Obrieniinae Zherikhin and Gratshev, 1994
- Subfamily †Kararhynchinae Zherikhin and Gratshev, 1994
- Superfamily †Asiocoleoidea Rohdendorf, 1961
- Family †Asiocoleidae Rohdendorf, 1961
- Family †Tricoleidae Ponomarenko, 1969
- Superfamily †Rhombocoleoidea Rohdendorf, 1961
- Family †Rhombocoleidae Rohdendorf, 1961
- Superfamily †Schizocoleoidea Rohdendorf, 1961 (= Schizophoroidea Ponomarenko, 1968)
- Family †Phoroschizidae Bouchard and Bousquet, 2020 (= Schizophoridae Ponomarenko, 1968)
- Family †Schizocoleidae Rohdendorf, 1961
- Family †Triaplidae Ponomarenko, 1977 (= †Catiniidae Ponomarenko, 1968)[4]
References
- HÖRNSCHEMEYER, T. (2009), The species‐level phylogeny of archostematan beetles—where do Micromalthus debilis and Crowsoniella relicta belong?. Systematic Entomology, 34: 533-558. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00476.x
- Patrice Bouchard; Yves Bousquet; Anthony E. Davies; Miguel A. Alonso-Zarazaga; John F. Lawrence; Chris H. C. Lyal; Alfred F. Newton; Chris A. M. Reid; Michael Schmitt; S. Adam Ślipiński; Andrew B. T. Smith (2011). "Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)". ZooKeys (88): 1–972. doi:10.3897/zookeys.88.807. PMC 3088472. PMID 21594053.
- Bouchard, P.; Bousquet, Y. (2020). "Additions and corrections to "Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)"". ZooKeys. 922: 65–139. doi:10.3897/zookeys.922.46367.
- Kirejtshuk, A. G.; Prokin, A. A. (2018). "The Position of the Palaeozoic Genus Tunguskagyrus Yan, Beutel et Lawrence in the Family Triaplidae sensu n. (Coleoptera, Archostemata: Schizophoroidea)". Entomological Review. 98: 872–882. doi:10.1134/S0013873818070084.
