Same-sex marriage in Idaho

Same-sex marriage has been legally recognized in the U.S state of Idaho since October 15, 2014.

Marriage
Civil unions and
registered partnerships
Common-law marriage
Minimal recognition
See also
Notes
  1. Performed statewide in 18 states and Mexico City, in certain municipalities in three other states, and recognized by all states in such cases.
  2. Performed in the Netherlands proper, including the Caribbean Netherlands. Registered in Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten in such cases, but the rights of marriage are not guaranteed.
  3. Neither performed nor recognized in Niue, Tokelau or the Cook Islands.
  4. Not recognized in Caribbean overseas territories, though marriage-equivalent ordered for the Cayman Islands.
  5. Neither performed nor recognized in American Samoa or some tribal nations.
  6. Cohabitation. Registered foreign marriages confer limited rights. Marriage recognized in Tel Aviv.
  7. Degree of recognition unknown. No actual cases to date.
  8. Limited to residency rights for foreign spouses of EU citizens.
  9. Legal guardianships (nationwide, except Hong Kong and Macau), residency rights for foreign spouses of legal residents (Hong Kong).
  10. Recognition of foreign marriage for parental rights
  11. Maitri Karar–type contractual relationships, but it is not legally enforceable
  12. Offer "partnership certificates", which provide some tools (such as hospital visitation rights) but do not offer any legal recognition
  13. Limited to spouses of foreign diplomatic officials.
* Not yet in effect or automatic deadline set by judicial body for same-sex marriage to become legal
LGBT portal

In May 2014, the United States District Court for the District of Idaho in the case of Latta v. Otter found Idaho's statutory and state constitutional bans on same-sex marriage unconstitutional, but enforcement of that ruling was stayed pending appeal. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed that ruling on October 7, 2014, though the U.S Supreme Court issued a stay of the ruling which was not lifted until October 15, 2014.

History

Statutes

After the Hawaii Supreme Court seemed poised to legalize same-sex marriage in the United States for the first time in Baehr v. Miike (1993), the Idaho Legislature amended its marriage laws in 1995 to specifically specify that a marriage was to be between a man and a woman. The changes took effect January 1, 1996. Fearing it would have to recognize same-sex marriages conducted in Hawaii, Idaho further amended its marriage laws to prohibit recognition of out-of-state same-sex marriages in 1996. Governor Phil Batt signed the legislation, which took immediate effect on March 18, 1996.[1]

Constitutional amendment

On February 11, 2004, the Idaho House of Representatives, by a 53 to 17 vote, approved a constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriage and its "legal equivalent" in the state. The Idaho State Senate failed to vote on the amendment.[2] On February 2, 2005, the Idaho State Senate, by a 21-14 vote, failed to approve a similar constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriage and any "legal status similar to that of marriage."[3] On February 6, 2006, the Idaho House of Representatives, by a 53 to 17 vote, approved Amendment 2, a constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriage and any "domestic legal union" in the state. On February 15, 2006, the Idaho State Senate, by a 26-9 vote, approved the constitutional amendment. On November 7, 2006, voters approved it.[4][5]

The amendment was found to be unconstitutional on May 13, 2014 by a federal district court. The ruling was affirmed by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals on October 7, 2014 and went into effect October 15, 2014.

Federal lawsuit
Main article: Latta v. Otter

Four Idaho lesbian couples filed a lawsuit in U.S. district court in November 2013, challenging the state's ban on same-sex marriage. On May 13, 2014, U.S. Chief Magistrate Candy W. Dale ruled in Latta v. Otter that Idaho's constitutional and statutory prohibitions against same-sex marriage are unconstitutional under the Fourteenth Amendment. She wrote:[6]

The defendants offered no evidence that same-sex marriage would adversely affect opposite-sex marriages or the well-being of children. Without proof, the defendants' justifications echo the unsubstantiated fears that could not prop up the anti-miscegenation laws and rigid gender roles of days past.

The state appealed the ruling, and on May 20 the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals stayed enforcement of Dale's ruling pending the outcome of that appeal and ordered the case heard on an expedited basis.[7]

On October 7, 2014, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed that the state's same-sex marriage ban is unconstitutional, finding the ban violated the Fourteenth Amendment's right to equal protection.[8][9] Idaho's county clerks prepared to process marriage licenses for same-sex couples the following day, October 8,[10][11] until Supreme Court Justice Anthony Kennedy, in response to a petition from state officials, granted an emergency stay of the Ninth Circuit's implementation of its decision.[12] On October 10, 2014, Justice Kennedy, after consulting with the other members of the Supreme Court, denied the request for a stay and vacated the temporary stay.[13]

On October 10, the Latta plaintiffs asked the Ninth Circuit to lift the stay of the district court's order that it had imposed on May 20.[14] The Ninth Circuit gave the parties until October 13 to reply.[15] On October 13, the Ninth Circuit lifted its stay of the district court's order enjoining Idaho officials from enforcing the state's ban on same-sex marriage.[16] The court's lifting of the stay went into effect on October 15, 2014.

On October 10, Governor Otter announced that he would no longer contest the ruling in Latta and that state agencies would comply when the Ninth Circuit requires Idaho to provide marriage rights to same-sex couples.[17] On October 14, he announced that his office planned to continue defending the state's ban on same-sex marriage.[18] On October 21, he filed a petition for en banc rehearing by the Ninth Circuit.[19] The plaintiffs filed a response to the petition opposing an en banc rehearing on November 10, 2014.[20] The Ninth Circuit denied the request for rehearing en banc on January 9, 2015.[21]

Marriage licenses issued

Latah County issued six marriage licenses to same-sex couples on October 10, 2014, after the U.S. Supreme Court denied a stay on the Ninth Circuit ruling in Latta but before the Ninth Circuit issued its mandate ordering the state to comply with the ruling.[22]

On October 15, 2014, approximately 100 same-sex couples obtained a marriage license at the Ada County clerk's offices.[23]

Public opinion
Public opinion for same-sex marriage in Idaho
Poll source Date(s)
administered		 Sample
size		 Margin of
error		 % support % opposition % no opinion
Public Religion Research Institute April 5-December 23, 2017 461 ? 56% 32% 12%
Public Religion Research Institute May 18, 2016-January 10, 2017 609 ? 54% 36% 9%
Public Religion Research Institute April 29, 2015-January 7, 2016 471 ? 49% 41% 10%
Public Policy Polling October 9–12, 2014 522 likely voters ± 4.3% 38% 57% 5%
New York Times/CBS News/YouGov September 20-October 1, 2014 594 likely voters ± 4.7% 33% 51% 16%
Public Religion Research Institute April 2, 2014-January 4, 2015 309 ? 53% 41% 6%

See also

References
  1. Dale, Candy. "Memorandum Decision and Order". p. 40. Retrieved May 13, 2014.
  2. HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 9
  3. SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 101
  4. HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 2 Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
  5. CNN: 2006 Key Ballot Measures,; Idaho State Legislature: Article III, Section 28
  6. Pearce, Matthew (May 13, 2014). "Idaho same-sex marriage ban struck down by federal judge". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 13, 2014.
  7. Berry, Harrison (May 20, 2014). "9th Circuit Grants Stay in Idaho Same-Sex Marriage Ban Case". Boise Weekly. Retrieved October 11, 2014.
  8. Nevada, Idaho Gay-Marriage Bans Ruled Illegal by Court
  9. "ORDER" (PDF). U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
  10. Same-sex marriage begins in Idaho as 9th Circuit lifts stay
  11. Appeal denied — Gay marriage bans in Idaho, Nevada struck down
  12. Russell, Betsy Z. (October 8, 2014). "Otter gets last-minute stay to block Idaho gay marriages". Spokesman-Review. Retrieved October 10, 2014.
  13. "Supreme Court Lifts Stay on Same-Sex Marriages in Idaho". New York Times. Retrieved October 10, 2014.
  14. "Motion to Dissolve Stay of District Court Order" (PDF). U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. Retrieved October 11, 2014.
  15. "Order setting response to motion, October 10, 2014" (PDF). U.S. Court of Appelas for the Ninth Circuit. Retrieved October 11, 2014.
  16. "Order dissolving stay, October 13, 2014" (PDF). U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. Retrieved October 13, 2014.
  17. Russell, Betsy Z. (October 10, 2014). "Otter says Idaho will comply with any 9th Circuit order on gay marriage, 'We're a nation of laws'". The Spokesman-Review. Retrieved October 11, 2014.
  18. Russell, Betsy Z. (October 15, 2014). "Otter won't desert gay-marriage fight, takes on challengers during election debate". The Spokesman-Review. Retrieved October 23, 2014.
  19. Denniston, Lyle (October 22, 2014), Idaho governor pursues new test of same-sex marriage, SCOTUSblog, retrieved October 23, 2014
  20. "Latta v. Otter". ca9.uscourts.gov. United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. Archived from the original on June 6, 2014. Retrieved November 13, 2014.
  21. "Appellate court won't reconsider Idaho gay marriage". Washington Times. Associated Press. January 9, 2015. Retrieved January 10, 2015.
  22. "1 Idaho county issues gay marriage licenses". Houston Chronicle. October 10, 2014. Retrieved October 12, 2014.
  23. Kreusi, Kimberlee; Ridler, Keith (October 15, 2014). "Gay marriage arrives in conservative stronghold Idaho". ABC News. Associated Press. Retrieved October 16, 2014.
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