Same-sex marriage in Brazil

Same-sex marriage in Brazil has been legal since 16 May 2013, following a decision from the National Justice Council,[1][2] which orders notaries of every state to perform same-sex marriages.[3][4]

Marriage
Civil unions and
registered partnerships
Common-law marriage
Minimal recognition
See also
Notes
  1. Performed statewide in 18 states and Mexico City, in certain municipalities in three other states, and recognized by all states in such cases.
  2. Performed in the Netherlands proper, including the Caribbean Netherlands. Registered in Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten in such cases, but the rights of marriage are not guaranteed.
  3. Neither performed nor recognized in Niue, Tokelau or the Cook Islands.
  4. Not recognized in Caribbean overseas territories, though marriage-equivalent ordered for the Cayman Islands.
  5. Neither performed nor recognized in American Samoa or some tribal nations.
  6. Cohabitation. Registered foreign marriages confer limited rights. Marriage recognized in Tel Aviv.
  7. Degree of recognition unknown. No actual cases to date.
  8. Limited to residency rights for foreign spouses of EU citizens.
  9. Legal guardianships (nationwide, except Hong Kong and Macau), residency rights for foreign spouses of legal residents (Hong Kong).
  10. Recognition of foreign marriage for parental rights
  11. Maitri Karar–type contractual relationships, but it is not legally enforceable
  12. Offer "partnership certificates", which provide some tools (such as hospital visitation rights) but do not offer any legal recognition
  13. Limited to spouses of foreign diplomatic officials.
* Not yet in effect or automatic deadline set by judicial body for same-sex marriage to become legal
LGBT portal

Same-sex unions had already been legally recognized in Brazil in the form of stable unions (Portuguese: união estável, Brazilian Portuguese: [uniˈɐ̃w̃ iʃtˈavɛw]) since May 2011, following a ruling of the Supreme Federal Court. These unions are granted most of the rights of marriages, including adoption, welfare benefits, pension, inheritance tax, income tax, social security, health benefits, immigration, joint property ownership, hospital and prison visitation, IVF and surrogacy.[5] This decision paved the way for future legalisation on same-sex matrimonial rights. Before the nationwide legalisation, the states of Alagoas,[6] Bahia,[6][7] Ceará, Espírito Santo, the Federal District, Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraíba, Paraná,[8][9] Piauí, Rondônia, Santa Catarina, São Paulo,[10][11] and Sergipe, as well as the city of Santa Rita do Sapucaí,[12][13] had already legalized same-sex marriages and several stable unions were converted into full marriages by state judges.[14] In Rio de Janeiro, same-sex couples could also marry but only if local judges agreed with their request.[15]

On 14 May 2013, the National Justice Council legalized same-sex marriage in the entire country in a 14–1 vote, issuing a ruling that orders all notaries of the country to perform same-sex marriages and convert any existing stable union into a marriage if the couple so wishes.[1][2][16][17][18][19] Joaquim Barbosa, president of the Supreme Federal Court, said that notaries cannot continue to refuse to "perform a civil wedding or the conversion of a stable civil union into a marriage between people of the same sex".[3] The ruling was published on 15 May and took effect on 16 May 2013.[20][21]

Civil unions
Interior of the Supreme Federal Court. The court issued a ruling on 5 May 2011 to recognize same-sex stable unions nationwide.

The first case of recognition of a same-sex union in Brazil occurred with a dual Brazilian-English couple in 2004. Their relationship was recognized in the form of a common-law marriage, which until then, was only granted to opposite-sex couples. The couple had lived together for fourteen years in the city of Curitiba.[22]

In 2010, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs authorized Brazilian diplomats to request a diplomatic or service passport and stay visa for same-sex partners. The decision, which includes same-sex and opposite-sex partners, was announced internally to embassies and consulates in over 200 countries. According to the Foreign Ministry, the measure must ensure that employees register their same-sex partners to secure their right to stay outside the country. Now, with the grant of diplomatic passports, it is easier for the partner to obtain a residence permit.[23]

Also in 2010, the state-owned Infraero (Brazilian Company of Airport Infrastructure) began recognizing stable unions between same-sex couples for the purposes of granting benefits. The change came with the signing of the new Collective Work Agreement. To receive the benefit, the union must be registered through the public notary.[24]

On 5 May 2011, Brazil's Supreme Federal Court ruled that stable unions must be allowed throughout the country. The decision was approved by 10–0; one judge abstained because he had previously spoken publicly in favor of same-sex unions when he was attorney general. The ruling resulted in stable partnerships for same-sex couples having the same financial and social rights enjoyed by those in heterosexual relationships. Civil unions of same-sex couples are guaranteed the same 112 rights as marriages of opposite-sex couples.[25] The ruling came in response to two lawsuits, one filed by the Rio de Janeiro State Government in 2008 and another in 2009 by the Public Prosecutor's Office. Same-sex couples can officially register their relationships as a stable union by proving that they have a shared bank account or live at the same address, etc.[26]

On 17 June 2011, a judge from Goiânia, Jeronymo Pedro Villas Boas, annulled the stable union of Liorcino Mendes and Odilio Torres, and ordered all notaries in Goiânia to stop issuing civil union licenses.[27][28][29] Villas Boas, who is also a church pastor of the Assembleia de Deus, claimed that recognizing same-sex unions was unconstitutional.[30] On 21 June, another judge, Beatriz Figueiredo Franco, cancelled Villas Boas' decision, making the union valid again.[31] Concerned, Liorcino Mendes and Odilio Torres registered another civil union in Rio de Janeiro.[32]

On 7 June 2013, the Brazilian Air Force recognized the stable union of a sergeant and his partner after he presented a notarized deed documenting their relationship; the Air Force did not comment on the recognition, and could not confirm if the relationship was the first same-sex union certified by the branch.[33] On 8 August 2013, Judge Elio Siqueira of the Regional Federal Court of the 5th region ruled on appeal that the Brazilian Army must recognize the stable union (performed in January 2012 in Pernambuco) of a service member and his same-sex partner, and must also accord a military spousal pension to the partner. It marked the first time that a state-recognized same-sex union was recognized by the Army.[34][35]

Same-sex marriage
Recognition of same-sex unions in South America
  Marriage and other type of partnership
  Other type of partnership
  Country subject to IACHR ruling
  Unrecognized
  Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples
  Same-sex sexual activity illegal, though penalties not enforced

Marriage in Brazil is governed by federal law rather than state law and involves the issuing of a marriage certificate by a notary. In May 2011, the Supreme Federal Court decided that the present law allowed for same-sex couples to formalize their relationship in the form of a stable union. Using this decision as precedent, many states amended their guidances for issuing marriage certificates to allow same-sex marriages and require notaries who preside over marriage licenses and perform marriages to provide such services to same-sex couples.[3]

National Justice Council ruling

On 14 May 2013, the National Justice Council legalized same-sex marriage in the entire country in a 14–1 vote, issuing a ruling that orders all notaries of the country to perform same-sex marriages and to convert any existing stable unions into marriages if the couple so desires.[1][2][16][17][18][19] Joaquim Barbosa, president of the Supreme Federal Court, said in the decision that notaries cannot continue to refuse to "perform a civil wedding or the conversion of a stable civil union into a marriage between persons of the same sex."[3][4][36] The ruling took effect on 16 May 2013.

On 21 May 2013, the Social Christian Party (PSC) lodged an appeal against the National Justice Council's decision with the Supreme Federal Court of Brazil. The party alleged that the Council had committed an abuse of power and that legalising same-sex marriage was a matter exclusively for the National Congress to decide.[37] The appeal did not affect the Council's original decision in favour of same-sex marriage. On 30 May 2013, the Supreme Federal Court rejected the appeal on technical grounds, stating that the PSC had used the wrong form of appeal. The court held that the National Justice Council's decision could only be challenged through a "direct action for unconstitutionality" (ação direta de inconstitucionalidade) rather than an action for injunction (mandado de segurança).[38][39] On 6 June 2013, the PSC re-lodged the appeal.[40][41] On 28 August 2013, the Procuradoria Geral da República (Attorney General) forwarded to the Supreme Court an opinion in favor of same-sex marriage in Brazil.[42] Given the National Justice Council ruling was issued by the Council's president, who was also the Chief Justice of the Supreme Federal Court, it is unlikely the latter court would ever overturn the Council's ruling. As of 2018, the appeal lodged by the PSC had not yet received oral arguments in court.[43]

Proposals in the National Congress

A Brazilian legislative commission for human rights recommended in October 2013 a measure that would ensure that religious bodies would not be required to solemnize same-sex marriages. The proposal would allow a religious body to decline to officiate at marriages of those "who violate its values, doctrines, and beliefs". The proposal was to have been brought forward in Brazil's National Congress if it was approved by a constitutional committee, though no such change was made prior to the 2014 elections.[44]

In March 2017, the Constitution and Justice Commission of the Brazilian Senate preliminary approved a bill to reflect the National Justice Council ruling, by modifying the national Civil Code to recognize stable unions between two persons of the same sex and enable the conversion of that union into marriage.[45] The proposal would replace the definition of the family entity, from "stable union between man and woman" to "stable union between two people", and insert the provision stating that marriage can be performed between two people, thus replacing the article restricting it to opposite-sex couples.[46] On 3 May, the commission gave its final approval to the bill.[47][48][49] The bill needed to be approved by the full Senate and Chamber of Deputies before becoming law, but it was not advanced by either legislative chamber prior to the 2018 elections.

Timeline prior to 2013 ruling
Same-sex marriage in Brazil prior to May 2013
  Same-sex marriage readily registered
  Same-sex marriage only practiced upon court ruling

Individual cases

In several individual cases, marriage licenses were granted, often through the decision of a judge. Notable cases include:

  • On 27 June 2011, a Brazilian judge in the state of São Paulo converted a civil union into a same-sex marriage.[50] The couple wed the following day.
  • On 28 June 2011, another stable union between a same-sex couple was converted into a marriage. Judge Jennifer Antunes de Souza, from the 4th Family Court of Brasília, upheld the order.[51]
  • On 31 May 2012, a civil partnership contracted by two men in England was converted into a marriage when the couple moved to Brazil.[52]
  • On 29 May 2012, four of the six notaries of Porto Alegre, capital of Rio Grande do Sul, agreed to convert civil unions into marriages.[53]
  • On 28 June 2012, in the state of Pará, 28 same-sex couples got married in a ceremony in Belém.[54]

Statewide
See also: Same-sex marriage in Alagoas and Same-sex marriage in Santa Catarina

The 2011 Supreme Court decision gave rise to several states explicitly altering their marriage procedures, enabling same-sex couples to marry in a manner that is bureaucratically identical to opposite-sex couples. Those states are listed below:

  • On 7 December 2011, the Corregedoria Geral da Justiça of Alagoas ordered the Civil Registry of Alagoas to issue marriage licences to same-sex couples, being the first state to enable same-sex marriages to be recognized in the same way as other marriages.[55][56] The decision took effect on 6 January 2012.
  • On 5 July 2012, the Corregedoria Geral da Justiça of Sergipe issued "Provision nº 06/2012" legalizing same-sex marriage in the state.[57]
  • On 11 July 2012, Santa Rita do Sapucaí became the only city in the country to allow same-sex marriages by itself, after the decision of a judge of Minas Gerais.[58]
  • On 15 August 2012, the Corregedoria Geral da Justiça of the state of Espírito Santo issued a circular letter stating that the Civil Registry of the state must address same-sex marriages the same way as opposite-sex marriages, making it the third Brazilian state to legalize same-sex marriage.[59]
  • On 26 November 2012, the Corregedoria Geral da Justiça of Bahia adapted the text of the directive regulating marriages to include same-sex marriages in a manner equal to other couples.[7][60][61]
  • On 1 December 2012, a court in the Federal District, ruled that, effective immediately, same-sex marriage licenses should be granted without a judge's intervention.[62]
  • On 15 December 2012, the Corregedoria Geral da Justiça of Piauí updated its marriage provisions in a similar manner.[63][64]
  • On 18 December 2012, the Corregedoria Geral da Justiça of São Paulo did the same, with an entry into effect 60 days later (i.e. 16 February 2013).[6][65]
  • On 7 March 2013, Ceará's Corregedor Geral da Justiça, Judge Francisco Sales Neto, ruled in "Provision N. 02/2013" that all notaries statewide are obligated to license same-sex marriages. The decision took effect on 15 March 2013.[66][67]
  • On 26 March 2013, the Corregedoria Geral da Justiça of Paraná ruled that same-sex marriages and conversion of stable unions to marriages should be possible using the normal marriage procedures.[8][9][68][69]
  • On 2 April 2013, the Corregedoria Geral da Justiça of Mato Grosso do Sul authorized marriages between same-sex couples in the state.[9][70][71]
  • On 17 April 2013, Judge Valmir de Oliveira Silva of the Justice Tribunal of Rio de Janeiro published a legal ruling authorizing same-sex marriages in the state if local judges agreed.[15] According to the ruling, a couple's request had to be registered by civil registry officers, who had to give 15 days to decide if they agreed. If they did not agree, the marriage could not proceed.[72]
  • On 26 April 2013, the Corregedoria Geral da Justiça of the state of Rondônia published "Provision N. 008/2013-CG" in the Diário da Justiça Eletrônico, which provides for marriages between same-sex couples and conversion of stable unions to marriages in the civil registration records of the state of Rondônia.[73][74][75]
  • On 29 April 2013, the Corregedoria Geral da Justiça of the state of Santa Catarina authorized same-sex marriages in a manner equal to opposite sex couples if both parties are residents of the state.[76]
  • On 29 April 2013, Judge Murilo Márcio da Cunha Ramos, the Corregedor Geral da Justiça of Paraíba, published "Provision CGJ N. 006/2013" which legalized same-sex marriages in the state.[77][78][79]

The Corregedoria Geral de Justiça is the administrative department of the state judicial power. It issues administrative rules for the everyday operation of courts and notaries in their respective states.

Marriage statistics

In 2018, 9,520 same-sex couples married in Brazil. 59.7% of these marriages were performed in the Southeast Region, 15.1% in the Northeast Region, 14.4% in the South Region, 7.4% in the Central-West Region and 3.4% in the North Region.[80] 4,100 same-sex marriages were performed in São Paulo, 737 in Minas Gerais, 723 in Rio de Janeiro, 480 in Rio Grande do Sul, 458 in Paraná, 429 in Santa Catarina, 391 in Pernambuco, 330 in Ceará, 288 in Bahia, 274 in the Federal District, 218 in Goiás, 201 in Pará, 166 in Mato Grosso do Sul, 129 in Espírito Santo, 114 in Rio Grande do Norte, 105 in Paraíba, 95 in Alagoas, 49 in Amazonas, 46 in Mato Grosso, 45 in Piauí, 43 in Sergipe, 26 in Maranhão, 24 in Rondônia, 18 in Acre, 18 in Tocantins, 8 in Amapá and 5 in Roraima.[81]

2018 saw a significant rise in marriages, particularly in the later months of the year, with November seeing a 68% rise compared to 2017.[82]

Number of marriages performed in Brazil
Year Same-sex Opposite-sex Total % same-sex
Female Male Total
20131,9261,7753,7011,048,7761,052,4770.35%
20142,4402,4144,8541,101,5861,106,4400.44%
20152,9862,6285,6141,131,7071,137,3210.49%
20162,9432,4115,3541,090,1811,095,5350.49%
20173,3872,5005,8871,064,4891,070,3760.55%
20185,5623,9589,5201,043,9471,053,4670.90%
20195,3493,7079,0561,015,6201,024,6760.88%

Religious performance

In June 2018, the Anglican Episcopal Church of Brazil officially changed its canons to permit same-sex marriages. The move was supported by 57 Synod members, while 3 voted against. The Church joined other Anglican provinces, including the American, Scottish and Canadian branches of the Anglican Communion, in performing same-sex marriages in its churches.[83][84]

Several same-sex marriages have also been conducted through Umbanda or Candomblé rites.[85][86]

Public opinion

According to a Pew Research Center survey, conducted between 4 November 2013 and 14 February 2014, 45% of Brazilians supported same-sex marriage and 48% were opposed.[87][88]

According to the Brazilian Institute of Public Opinion and Statistics, support for same-sex couples having the same rights as different-sex couples in Brazil in 2017 was 49%, with 38% opposing. Support was higher among women, young people, people with higher educational levels and Brazilians living in the South region of the country.[89]

The 2017 AmericasBarometer showed that 52% of Brazilians supported same-sex marriage.[90]

See also

References
  1. "CNJ obriga cartórios a celebrar casamento entre homossexuais" (in Portuguese). Estadao.com.br. 14 May 2013. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
  2. "Brazil judicial panel clears way for gay marriage". Archived from the original on 9 June 2013.
  3. Marilia Brocchetto, CNN (15 May 2013). "Brazilian judicial council: Notaries must recognize same-sex marriage - CNN.com". CNN. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  4. "Brazil Clears Way For Gay Marriage". Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  5. "União civil entre pessoas do mesmo sexo (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender [LGBT] civil unions in Brazil)". Archived from the original on 23 December 2009.
  6. "Brazil's most populous state to allow same-sex marriage". Washington Blade. 21 December 2012.
  7. "Bahia legaliza casamento entre pessoas do mesmo sexo (Bahia legalizes marriage between people of the same sex". A Tarde (in Portuguese). 10 October 2012. Retrieved 20 January 2013.
  8. Joyce Carvalho (4 April 2013). "Casamento gay está valendo em todo o Paraná". Parana-Online (in Portuguese). Retrieved 5 April 2013.
  9. "Paraná e Mato Grosso do Sul autorizam casamento gay". Athos (in Portuguese). 4 April 2013. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
  10. "Brazil: Court ruling means all gay couples can legally marry in the state of São Paulo". Pink News. 21 December 2012. Retrieved 20 January 2013.
  11. "São Paulo court guarantees same-sex marriages". Gay Star News. 21 December 2012. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
  12. "G1 - Após liberação da Justiça, Santa Rita do Sapucaí tem 1º casamento gay - notícias em Sul de Minas". Sul de Minas. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  13. "G1 - Casamento homossexual é liberado pela Justiça em cidade no Sul de MG - notícias em Sul de Minas". Sul de Minas. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  14. John Lyons (6 May 2011). "Brazil Top Court Grants Equal Rights to Same-Sex Unions". Retrieved 20 January 2012.
  15. "Rio de Janeiro state legalizes gay marriage". 17 April 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  16. "G1 - Decisão do CNJ obriga cartórios a fazer casamento homossexual - notícias em Política". Política. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  17. "Jornal do Brasil". Jornal do Brasil. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  18. Romero, Simon (14 May 2013). "Brazilian Court Council Removes a Barrier to Same-Sex Marriage". New York Times. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
  19. Teacherken (15 May 2013). "country with most Catholics effectively legalizes gay marriage". DailyKos. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
  20. "DIÁRIO DA JUSTIÇA CONSELHO NACIONAL DE JUSTIÇA Edição nº 89/2013".
  21. G1, Mariana OliveiraDo; Brasília, em (15 May 2013). "Regra que obriga cartórios a fazer casamento gay vale a partir do dia 16". Política.
  22. "Primeiro casal gay a registrar união no país completa 20 anos". Journal Comunicacao (in Portuguese). 18 April 2010. Archived from the original on 17 March 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
  23. "Itamaraty reconhece os parceiros Gays de diplomatas brasileiros" (in Portuguese). 14 July 2010. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
  24. "Infraero reconhece os cônjuges de seus empregados Homossexuais" (in Portuguese). 6 October 2010. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
  25. "Casais gays conquistam 112 direitos com decisão do STF" (in Portuguese). 6 May 2011. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
  26. "Same-sex unions recognized by Brazil's high court" (in Portuguese). 6 May 2011. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
  27. Goiás judge annuls first gay union after Supreme Court's decision (in Portuguese)
  28. G1, Nathalia PassarinhoDo; Brasília, em (19 June 2011). "Juiz anula contrato de união estável entre homossexuais". Brasil.
  29. "Homosexual union will go back to Supreme Court". Archived from the original on 27 August 2011.
  30. "Judge accused of insubordination that annulled gay union is pastor of Assembleia de Deus".
  31. "Beatriz cancels decision by Jerônymo Villas Boas". Archived from the original on 24 June 2011.
  32. G1, Do; Fantástico, com informações do (26 June 2011). "Juiz de Goiás que anulou união de casal gay nega ser homofóbico". Brasil.
  33. "FAB reconhece como dependente marido de sargento homossexual ("FAB recognizes husband of homosexual Sergeant as dependent")".
  34. Raphael Guerra (8 August 2013). "Justiça é favorável à união gay no Exército ("Justice is in favor of gay unions in the Army")". Diario de Pernambuco.
  35. Staff Reports (8 August 2013). "Justiça manda Exército reconhecer companheiro de sargento gay ("Judge mandates Army recognizes gay partnership of sergeant")". Tribuna de Alagoas.
  36. "Judges clear the way for gay marriage throughout Brazil". Gay Star News. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  37. "EBC - PSC recorre ao Supremo contra decisão sobre casamento gay". EBC. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  38. "Ministro do STF arquiva aусo do PSC contra casamento gay". O POVO. 30 May 2013. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
  39. G1, Mariana OliveiraDo; Brasília, em (28 May 2013). "Ministro rejeita pedido de suspensão de casamento gay em cartório". Política.
  40. G1, Mariana OliveiraDo; Brasília, em (6 June 2013). "PSC entra com nova ação no STF contra casamento gay em cartório". Política.
  41. "EBC". memoria.ebc.com.br.
  42. O Globo (28 August 2013). "Procuradoria encaminha para o STF parecer favorável ao casamento gay". O Globo. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  43. Rodas, Sérgio (28 November 2018). "Proibir casamento gay afrontaria decisão do STF, avaliam especialistas". Consultor Jurídico (in Portuguese).
  44. "Brazil: proposal would allow churches to decline same-sex marriages". Catholic World News. 18 October 2013. Archived from the original on 4 June 2016.
  45. "Projeto de Lei do Senado n° 612, de 2011 - Pesquisas - Senado Federal". www25.senado.leg.br.
  46. "Comisión de Senado brasileño aprueba reglamentar como ley el matrimonio gay". El Espectador. 8 March 2017. Archived from the original on 11 March 2017.
  47. "Aprovado na CCJ projeto que legaliza casamento homossexual". Senado Federal.
  48. "Projeto de Lei do Senado nº 612, de 2011 (Texto final da Comissão)".
  49. Notícia, J. M. (4 May 2017). "Comissão no Senado aprova projeto para legalizar casamento gay".
  50. (in Portuguese) Primeiro casamento civil gay do Brasil é realizado em São Paulo
  51. "Juíza converte união estável gay em casamento". Consultor Jurídico.
  52. "Reconhecido casamento entre homens registrado no exterior". Notícias JusBrasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved 15 January 2013.
  53. "Casais gays encontram facilidade para casar no RS". Zero Hora (in Portuguese). Retrieved 15 January 2013.
  54. "Pará faz primeiro casamento civil comunitário gay". Diario Online (in Portuguese). Retrieved 15 January 2013.
  55. "Alagoas regulamenta o casamento civil entre gays em todos os cartórios do estado - Brasil em Política no A Capa". UOL (in Portuguese). Retrieved 15 January 2013.
  56. "PROVIMENTO Nº 40, DE 06 DE DEZEMBRO DE 2011". JusBrazil (in Portuguese). 7 December 2011. Retrieved 31 December 2012.
  57. "Marriage open to gay couples in Sergipe" (PDF) (in Portuguese). 5 July 2012. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
  58. "Casamento entre pessoas do mesmo sexo é liberado pela Justiça em Santa Rita do Sapucaí" (in Portuguese). 12 July 2012.
  59. "Espirito Santo's legalization of gay marriage" (PDF) (in Portuguese). 15 August 2012. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
  60. "Provimento Conjunto trata de união homoafetiva". Tribunal de Justiça do Estado da Bahia (official web site of the state supreme court). Archived from the original on 27 September 2013.
  61. "Bahia já pode oficializar casamento homoafetivo". Bahia24/7 (in Portuguese). 27 November 2012. Retrieved 27 November 2012.
  62. Soraya Sobreira (1 December 2012). "Para a lei, já não há mais diferença" [For the law, there is no difference anymore]. Journal de Brasilia (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 1 June 2013. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
  63. "Corregedoria do TJ regulamenta casamento gay no Piauí". Diario de Teresina (in Portuguese). 15 December 2012. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
  64. "provimento N° 24/2012 – CGJ/PI" (PDF). Piauí, Diário da Justiça (in Portuguese). 17 December 2012. p. 2. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
  65. "Tribunal divulga norma que regulamenta casamento gay em SP". Globo.com (in Portuguese). 18 December 2013. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
  66. "Justiça do Ceará autoriza casamento gay". Mixbrasil.uol.com (in Portuguese). 8 March 2013. Archived from the original on 7 April 2013. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  67. "Corregadoria geral da Justiça Provimento N.º 02/2013" (in Portuguese) (677). Estado do Ceará, Diário da Justiça Eletrônico. 8 March 2013: 8–12. Os Cartórios de Registro Civil de Pesso as Naturais do Estado de Sergipe deverão receber os pedidos de habilitação para casamento de pessoas do mesmo sexo, procedendo na forma do artigo 1.526 da Lei nº 10.406/2002 Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  68. Modesto, Luiz (26 March 2013). "Justiça do Paraná autoriza casamentos homoafetivos. Cartórios já estão cientes e não podem se negar a realizar uniões" [Paraná regulates same-sex marriage throughout its territory] (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2 April 2013.
  69. "CGJ-PR divulga instrução sobre procedimentos de habilitação para casamentos homossexuais, instrução normativa Nº 2/2013". Promad.com.br. 3 April 2013. Archived from the original on 29 July 2013. Retrieved 3 April 2013. Que os magistrados e agentes delegados dos Registros Civis de Pessoas Naturais do Estado do Paraná observem as decisões proferidas pelo Superior Tribunal de Justiça (REsp nº 1.183.378-RS) e por esta Corregedoria da Justiça (autos de consulta nº 2013.49650-9/000), procedendo à habilitação de pessoas do mesmo sexo para o casamento civil, nos termos dos artigos 1.525 e seguintes da Lei Federal nº 10.406/2002 (Código Civil).
  70. "Tribunal de Justiça autoriza casamento gay em Mato Grosso do Sul" [Court allows gay marriage in Mato Grosso do Sul] (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 11 May 2013. Retrieved 3 April 2013.
  71. "Provimento Nº 80, de 25 de marco de 2013". Diário de Justiça do Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. Retrieved 3 April 2013. Considerando o princípio advindo da decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal, na ADI 4277/DF, que passou a admitir a habilitação direta para o casamento entre pessoas do mesmo sexo sem a necessidade do prévio reconhecimento da união estável
  72. "Rio de Janeiro facilita casamento gay em todo estado; uniões ainda passam por aval de juiz". Acapa. 19 April 2013. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  73. "Casamento entre pessoas do mesmo sexo é autorizado em Rondônia" (in Portuguese). 26 April 2013. Retrieved 26 April 2013.
  74. "Casamento entre pessoas do mesmo sexo é autorizado em Rondônia". Orodoniense. 26 April 2013. Archived from the original on 27 July 2014. Retrieved 26 April 2013.
  75. "Casamento entre pessoas do mesmo sexo é autorizado em Rondônia". UmOutroolhar. 27 April 2013. Retrieved 29 April 2013. Dispõe sobre a habilitação direta para o casamento entre pessoas do mesmo sexo e conversão de união estável em casamento nas serventias extrajudiciais do Estado de Rondônia.
  76. "CGJ autoriza casamento entre pessoas do mesmo sexo em SC". Globo (in Portuguese). 29 April 2013. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
  77. "Paraíba passa a ser o 13º Estado brasileiro a consentir o casamento homoafetivo" (in Portuguese). 29 April 2013. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
  78. "ATOS DA CORREGEDORIA-GERAL". Diario do Justica Electronico (in Portuguese). 29 April 2013. p. 4. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
  79. "Paraíba autoriza casamento gay". Mix Brasil (in Portuguese). 29 April 2013. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
  80. Rio, Lilian QuainoDo G1 (30 November 2015). "Casamentos gays aumentam 31,2% em 2014 no Brasil, diz IBGE". Bem Estar.
  81. "Estatísticas do Registro Civil 2018, Tabelas, Casamentos". IBGE (in Portuguese).
  82. "Efeito Bolsonaro: casamento LGBT cresce 65% em novembro na comparação com 2017". Catraca Livre. 26 December 2018.
  83. Brazil’s Anglican Church changes its canons to permit same-sex marriage, Anglican News, 4 June 2018
  84. Brazil’s Anglican Church changes its canons to permit same-sex marriage, Episcopal News Service, 4 June 2018
  85. "Casal gay celebra casamento umbandista em bloco no centro de São Paulo". GI São Paulo (in Portuguese). 27 February 2017.
  86. "Homossexualidade e candomblé". Carta Capital (in Portuguese). 22 September 2017.
  87. "Social Attitudes on Moral Issues in Latin America - Pew Research Center". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 13 November 2014. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  88. "Appendix A: Methodology". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 13 November 2014. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  89. "Project" (PDF). p. 17. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
  90. "CULTURA POLÍTICA DE LA DEMOCRACIA EN LA REPÚBLICA DOMINICANA Y EN LAS AMÉRICAS, 2016/17" (PDF).
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.