Seine-Saint-Denis

Seine-Saint-Denis (French pronunciation: ​[sɛn sɛ̃ d(ə)ni]) is a French department located in the Île-de-France region and in the Grand Paris. Locally, it is often referred to colloquially as quatre-vingt treize or neuf trois (i.e., "ninety-three" or "nine three"), after its official administrative number, 93.

Seine-Saint-Denis
Department
Prefecture building of the Seine-Saint-Denis department, in Bobigny
Flag
Coat of arms
Location of Seine-Saint-Denis in France
Coordinates: 48°54′N 02°29′E
CountryFrance
RegionÎle-de-France
PrefectureBobigny
SubprefecturesLe Raincy
Saint-Denis
Government
 • President of the General CouncilStéphane Troussel (PS)
Area
 • Total236 km2 (91 sq mi)
Population
 (2016)
 • Total1,606,660
 • Rank6th
 • Density6,800/km2 (18,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Department number93
Arrondissements3
Cantons21
Communes40
^1 French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries, and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km2

The learned and rarely used demonym for the inhabitants is Séquano-Dionysiens; more common is Dionysiens.

Geography

Seine-Saint-Denis is located to the northeast of Paris. It has a surface area of only 236 km², making it one of the smallest departments in France. Seine-Saint-Denis and two other small departments, Hauts-de-Seine and Val-de-Marne, form a ring around Paris, known as the Petite Couronne ("little crown"). Since 1 January 2016, together with Paris, they form the area of Greater Paris.

Administration

Seine-Saint-Denis is made up of three departmental arrondissements and 40 communes:

Arrondissement of
Saint-Denis:
  1. Saint-Ouen-sur-Seine
  1. Aubervilliers
  2. Saint-Denis
  3. L'Île-Saint-Denis
  4. Épinay-sur-Seine
  5. Villetaneuse
  6. Pierrefitte-sur-Seine
  7. Stains
  8. La Courneuve
Arrondissement of
Bobigny:'
  1. Dugny
  2. Le Bourget
  3. Drancy
  4. Bobigny
  5. Bondy
  6. Les Pavillons-sous-Bois
  7. Noisy-le-Sec
  8. Romainville
  9. Pantin
  10. Le Pré-Saint-Gervais
  11. Les Lilas
  12. Bagnolet
  13. Montreuil
  14. Rosny-sous-Bois
  15. Villemomble
Arrondissement of
Le Raincy:
  1. Neuilly-Plaisance
  2. Neuilly-sur-Marne
  3. Noisy-le-Grand
  4. Gournay-sur-Marne
  5. Gagny
  6. Le Raincy
  7. Clichy-sous-Bois
  8. Montfermeil
  9. Coubron
  10. Vaujours
  11. Livry-Gargan
  12. Sevran
  13. Aulnay-sous-Bois
  14. Le Blanc-Mesnil
  15. Villepinte
  16. Tremblay-en-France

History

Seine-Saint-Denis was created in January 1968, through the implementation of a law passed in July 1964. It was formed from the part of the (hitherto larger) Seine department to the north and north-east of the Paris ring road (and the line of the old city walls), together with a small slice taken from Seine-et-Oise.

Seine-Saint-Denis has a history as a veritable left-wing stronghold, belonging to the ceinture rouge (red belt) of Paris. The French Communist Party especially has maintained a continued strong presence in the department, and still controls the city councils in cities such as Saint-Denis, Montreuil and La Courneuve. Until 2008, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne were the only departments where the Communist Party had a majority in the general councils but the 2008 cantonal elections saw the socialists become the strongest group at the Seine-Saint-Denis general council (while the Communist Party gained a majority in Allier and lost it in 2015).

A commune of Seine-Saint-Denis, Clichy-sous-Bois, was the scene of the death of two youths which sparked the nationwide riots of autumn 2005. In October and November, 9,000 cars were burned and 3,000 rioters were arrested.

In 2018, the department had the highest crime rate in metropolitan France.[1] In 2017, the area was the theatre of 18% of all drug offences in metropolitan France.[1]

Demographics

Seine-Saint-Denis is the French department with the highest proportion of immigrants: 21.7% at the 1999 census (see table below). This figure does not include the children of immigrants born on French soil as well as some native elites from former French colonies and people who came from overseas France. The ratio of ethnic minorities is difficult to estimate accurately as French law prohibits the collection of ethnic data for census taking purposes.

In 2005, 56.7% of young people under 18 were of foreign origin including 38% of African origin (22% from Maghreb and 16% from Sub-Saharan Africa).

In 2018, the poverty rate was twice the national average at 28%, the unemployment rate was 3 per cent above the national average and 4 percentage points above the Île-de-France average at 12.7%. In 2018, it was estimated that 8–20% of the population in the department were illegal immigrants.[2]

Population development since 1881:

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1881180,412—    
1891230,992+2.50%
1901307,329+2.90%
1911411,443+2.96%
1921504,956+2.07%
1931769,315+4.30%
1936776,378+0.18%
1946730,361−0.61%
1954845,231+1.84%
19621,083,724+3.16%
19681,249,606+2.40%
19751,322,127+0.81%
19821,324,301+0.02%
19901,381,197+0.53%
19991,382,861+0.01%
20061,491,972+1.09%
20111,529,928+0.50%
20161,606,660+0.98%
source:[3]

Education

An education study confirmed falling levels of literacy in the area, where the fraction of pupils who had 25 errors or more increased from 5.4% in 1987 to 19.8% in 2015.[1]

Place of birth of residents
Place of birth of residents of Seine-Saint-Denis in 1999
Born in Metropolitan France Born outside Metropolitan France
72.5% 27.5%
Born in
Overseas France		 Born in foreign countries with French citizenship at birth1 EU-15 immigrants2 Non-EU-15 immigrants
3.1% 2.7% 4.4% 17.3%
1 This group is made up largely of former French settlers, such as pieds-noirs in Northwest Africa, followed by former colonial citizens who had French citizenship at birth (such as was often the case for the native elite in French colonies), and to a lesser extent foreign-born children of French expatriates. Note that a foreign country is understood as a country not part of France in 1999, so a person born for example in 1950 in Algeria, when Algeria was an integral part of France, is nonetheless listed as a person born in a foreign country in French statistics.

2 An immigrant is a person born in a foreign country not having French citizenship at birth. Note that an immigrant may have acquired French citizenship since moving to France, but is still considered an immigrant in French statistics. On the other hand, persons born in France with foreign citizenship (the children of immigrants) are not listed as immigrants.

Politics

Current National Assembly Representatives
Seine-Saint-Denis's constituencies for the National Assembly.
ConstituencyMember[4]Party
Seine-Saint-Denis's 1st constituency Éric Coquerel La France Insoumise
Seine-Saint-Denis's 2nd constituency Stéphane Peu French Communist Party
Seine-Saint-Denis's 3rd constituency Patrice Anato La République En Marche!
Seine-Saint-Denis's 4th constituency Marie-George Buffet French Communist Party
Seine-Saint-Denis's 5th constituency Jean-Christophe Lagarde Union of Democrats and Independents
Seine-Saint-Denis's 6th constituency Bastien Lachaud La France Insoumise
Seine-Saint-Denis's 7th constituency Alexis Corbière La France Insoumise
Seine-Saint-Denis's 8th constituency Sylvie Charrière La République En Marche!
Seine-Saint-Denis's 9th constituency Sabine Rubin La France Insoumise
Seine-Saint-Denis's 10th constituency Alain Ramadier The Republicans
Seine-Saint-Denis's 11th constituency Clémentine Autain La France Insoumise
Seine-Saint-Denis's 12th constituency Stéphane Testé La République En Marche!

Tourism

References
  1. "N° 1014 - Rapport d'information de MM. François Cornut-Gentille et Rodrigue Kokouendo déposé en application de l'article 146-3 du règlement, par le comité d'évaluation et de contrôle des politiques publiques sur l'évaluation de l'action de l'État dans l'exercice de ses missions régaliennes en Seine-Saint-Denis". www.assemblee-nationale.fr. Retrieved 2018-07-08.
  2. "Immigration clandestine : la Seine-Saint-Denis débordée". FIGARO (in French). 2018-07-04. Retrieved 2018-07-08.
  3. Site sur la Population et les Limites Administratives de la France
  4. http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/

Further reading
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