Sergiu Celibidache

Sergiu Celibidache (Romanian: [ˈserd͡ʒju t͡ʃelibiˈdake]; 11 July [O.S. 28 June] 1912 – 14 August 1996) was a Romanian conductor, composer, musical theorist, and teacher. Educated in his native Romania, and later in Paris and Berlin, Celibidache's career in music spanned over five decades, including tenures as principal conductor of the Munich Philharmonic, Berlin Philharmonic, Sicilian Symphony Orchestra and several other European orchestras. Later in life, he taught at Mainz University in Germany and the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Sergiu Celibidache
Celibidache in 1966
Born(1912-06-28)28 June 1912
Roman, Romania
Died14 August 1996(1996-08-14) (aged 84)
La Neuville-sur-Essonne, France
Education
Occupation
  • Conductor
  • Academic
Organization
Awards

Celibidache frequently refused to release his performances on commercial recordings during his lifetime, claiming that a listener could not have a "transcendental experience" outside the concert hall. Many of the recordings of his performances were released posthumously. He has nonetheless earned international acclaim for his interpretations of the classical repertoire and was known for a spirited performance style informed by his study and experiences in Zen Buddhism. He is regarded as one of the greatest conductors of the 20th century.[1][2]

Early life and education
Celibidache as conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic in 1946

Sergiu Celibidache was born on 28 June 1912[3] to Demostene Celebidachi, a cavalry officer of the Romanian army and later prefect of the Iași region and Maria Celebidachi (née Brăteanu), in Roman, a small city in the Moldavia region of Romania, where his father was a government official.[4][5] He grew up in Iași, where his family soon moved after his birth.[6] He was already improvising at the piano by the age of four, and after a traditional schooling in mathematics, philosophy and music in Iași, was sent by his father to Bucharest and then to Paris, where he continued his studies. His father had expected him to pursue a political career in Romania,[4][6] but in 1936 Celibidache enrolled in the Hochschule für Musik (Academy of Music) in Berlin (German authorities erroneously changed his surname from Celebidachi to Celibidache, the form he retained), where he studied composition with Heinz Tiessen and conducting with Kurt Thomas, Walter Gmeindl and Fritz Stein.[4][5] He continued with doctoral studies at the Friedrich Wilhelm University (Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität), where he studied philosophy with Nicolai Hartmann and Eduard Spranger and musicology with Arnold Schering and Georg Schünemann.[4] He submitted a dissertation on Josquin des Prez and received his degree in 1944.[4][5] Throughout the 1940s, he accompanied and was romantically involved with Romanian-born dancer and choreographer Iris Barbura. During his studies in Berlin, Celibidache was introduced to Zen Buddhism by his teacher Martin Steinke, and Buddhism informed Celibidache's worldview and work for the rest of his life.[5] In a 1986 interview, he said, "I was born a Christian Orthodox, and studied philosophy, but I still couldn't find solutions to my problems. It was through Steinke that I found [...] the way of Zen. All I can say is that without Zen I couldn't have known this strange principle that the beginning is the end. Music is nothing but the materialization of this principle."[7]

Career
Celibidache in 1969

From 1945 to 1952 Celibidache was principal conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic. He got his big break shortly after the end of World War II in tragic circumstances: Leo Borchard, who was cleared to conduct by the American forces, was shot during a nocturnal car ride, and no other de-Nazified conductors were available.[8][7] But he fought selflessly to have Wilhelm Furtwängler (a great influence on Celibidache) reinstated as orchestra leader, and from 1947 to 1952 they shared the responsibilities of conducting the Philharmonic.[8] Celibidache later worked with radio orchestras in Stockholm, Stuttgart and Paris. He also worked in Britain in the late 1940s and 1950s, due partly to the promotional efforts of the pianist Eileen Joyce and her partner, an artists' agent. Joyce said that Celibidache was the greatest conductor she had ever worked with: "he was the only one who got inside my soul".[9] In 1970 he was awarded Denmark's Sonning Award. From 1979 until his death he was music director of the Munich Philharmonic. He regularly taught at Hochschule für Musik Mainz in Germany and in 1984 taught at the Curtis Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Teaching was a major focus throughout his life and his courses were frequently open to all without fee. Among his notable students are Françoys Bernier, Bernhard Sieberer, Markand Thakar,[10] and Nils-Göran Areskoug.

He appeared in the film Ambassadors of Music (1952), conducting the Berlin Philharmonic in a performance of Ludwig van Beethoven's Egmont overture.

Later years
Celibidache giving a conducting lesson at the Curtis Institute in 1984 to student David Bernard

His later career was defined by sexist and discriminatory behaviour that came to light during a 12-year legal battle during his tenure at the Munich Philharmonic[11] with trombonist Abbie Conant. The argument centered around whether Conant had the "necessary strength" and "emotional empathy" to lead the trombone section.[12] On his orders, she was forced to sit in the second chair and was paid less than her male colleagues on grounds of her gender.[13] Celibidache was not invited to give testimony at the trials due to lack of substantiated criticism.[14] The courts found in favour of Conant as Celibidache "could not justify his complaint with facts".[15] An appeal on the decision failed, and Conant was paid the same as her male colleagues.[13]

Celibidache died at the age of 84 on 14 August 1996 at La Neuville-sur-Essonne, near Paris. He was buried in the Cimetière de Neuville sur Essone.

Performance style
Bust of Sergiu Celibidache at his hometown in Roman

Celibidache's approach to music-making is often described more by what he did not do instead of what he did. For example, much has been made of Celibidache's "refusal" to make recordings even though almost all of his concert activity actually was recorded with many released posthumously by major labels such as EMI and Deutsche Grammophon with the consent of his family.[16] Nevertheless, Celibidache paid little attention to making these recordings, which he viewed merely as by-products of his orchestral concerts.

Celibidache's focus was instead on creating, during each concert, the optimal conditions for what he called a "transcendent experience". Aspects of Zen Buddhism, such as ichi-go ichi-e, strongly influenced his thinking. He believed that transcendental experiences were extremely unlikely to ensue when listening to recorded music, so he eschewed them. As a result, some of his concerts did provide audiences with exceptional and sometimes life-altering experiences, including, for example, a 1984 concert in Carnegie Hall by the Orchestra of the Curtis Institute that New York Times critic John Rockwell touted as the best of his 25 years of concert-going.[17]

Celibidache was well known for his demands for extensive rehearsal time with orchestras.[18] An oft-mentioned feature of many of his concerts, captured in the live recordings of them, is a slower tempo than what is considered the norm, while, in fast passages, his tempi often exceeded expectations.[19] In Celibidache's own view, however, criticism of a recording's tempo is irrelevant, as it is not (and cannot be) a critique of the performance but rather of a transcription of it, without the ambience of the moment, for him, a key factor in any musical performance. As Celibidache explained, the acoustic space in which one hears a concert directly affects the likelihood of the emergence of his sought-after transcendent experience. The acoustic space within which one hears a recording of one of his performances, on the other hand, has no impact on the performance, as it is impossible for the acoustic features of that space to stimulate musicians to play slower or faster.

That his recorded performances differ so widely from the majority of other recordings has led them to be seen by some as collectors' items rather than mainstream releases, 'one-offs' rather than reference recordings.[20]

Personal life

In 1965, Celibidache married Ioana Procopie Dumitrescu. They had one son, Sergiu Ioan Celibidache ("Serge"), born 19 June 1968.[note 1]

Discography

Notable releases have been his Munich performances of Beethoven, Johannes Brahms, Anton Bruckner, Robert Schumann, Johann Sebastian Bach, Gabriel Fauré and a series of live performances with the London Symphony Orchestra and the Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra:

  • 1948: Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 5 in E minor, Op. 64 LPO (Decca AK 2036-41 78 rpm)
  • 1949: Mozart: Symphony No. 25 in G minor, K. 183 (Decca AK 2197-9 78 rpm)
  • ?: Prokofiev: Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, Prokofiev Symphony in D major, Op. 25 “Classical” (HMV C 3729-30) 78 rpm
  • 1951: Mozart: Symphony No. 25 in G minor, K. 183 (Decca LXT 2558)
  • 1951: Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 5 in E minor, Op. 64 LPO (Decca LXT 2545)
  • 1969: Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 5 in E minor, Op. 64 LPO (Decca Eclipse ECM 833)
  • 1985: Beethoven: Concerto for Violin and Orchestra (Electrecord)
  • 1988: Mendelssohn: Sinfonia N. 4 "Italian"; Dvořák: Sinfonia N. 9 Dal Nuovo Mondo (Frequenz)
  • n.d.: Beethoven: Concerto No. 5 for Piano and Orchestra "Emperor" (Electrecord)
  • 1990: Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 5; Nutcracker Suite (London)
  • 1991: Mozart: Requiem; Vivaldi: Stabat Mater (Arkadia)
  • 1991: Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 6 "Pathetique"; Roméo et Juliette (Arkadia)
  • 1994: Bruckner: Symphony No. 7 (Andromeda)
  • 1994: Brahms: Symphony Nos. 3 & 4 (Fonit-Cetra Italia)
  • 1994: Brahms: Symphony No. 2 & Haydn Variations, Op. 56a (Fonit-Cetra Italia)
  • 1994: Mozart: Grand Mass, K. 427 (Cetra)
  • 1995: Beethoven: Symphony Nos. 2 & 4 (Nas)
  • 1997: Bartók: Concerto for Orchestra (EMI Music Distribution)
  • 1997: Beethoven: Symphony Nos. 4 & 5 (EMI Music Distribution)
  • 1997: Debussy: La Mer; Iberia (EMI Music Distribution)
  • 1997: Haydn: Symphony Nos 103 & 104 (EMI Music Distribution)
  • 1997: Mozart: Symphony No. 40; Haydn: "Oxford Symphony" (EMI Music Distribution)
  • 1997: Ravel: Ma Mère l'Oye; Bolero, Le tombeau de Couperin; Alborada del Gracioso (Fonit-Cetra Italia)
  • 1997: S. Celibidache Conducts Beethoven & Brahms (Tahra)
  • 1997: Schubert: Symphony No. 9 (EMI Music Distribution)
  • 1997: Schumann: Symphonies 3 & 4 (EMI Music Distribution)
  • 1997: Tchaikovsky: Romeo and Juliet Fantasy–Overture; Mussorgsky: Pictures at an Exhibition (EMI Music Distribution)
  • 1997: Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 5 (EMI Music Distribution)
  • 1997: Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 6 (EMI Music Distribution)
  • 1997: The Young Celibidache, Vol. II (Tahra)
  • 1997: Wagner: Orchestral Music (EMI Music Distribution)
  • 1998: Bruckner 3 (EMI Music Distribution)
  • 1998: Bruckner 4 (EMI Music Distribution)
  • 1998: Bruckner 6 (EMI Classics)
  • 1998: Bruckner 7; Te Deum (EMI Music Distribution)
  • 1998: Bruckner 8 (EMI Classics)
  • 1998: Bruckner 9 in Concert and Rehearsal (EMI Classics)
  • 1998: Bruckner: Mass in F minor (EMI Music Distribution)
  • 1998: Bruckner: Symphonies No. 3-9; Mass in F minor, Te Deum (EMI Classics)
  • 1998: Shostakovich: Symphonie No. 7 (Magic Talent)
  • 1999: Sergiu Celebidache (Box) (No Noise)
  • 1999: Beethoven: Symphonies No. 2 & 4 (EMI Music Distribution)
  • 1999: Beethoven: Symphony No. 3 (EMI Music Distribution)
  • 1999: Beethoven: Symphony No. 6; Leonore (EMI Music Distribution)
  • 1999: Brahms: Symphonies Nos. 2, 3, 4 (EMI Music Distribution)
  • 1999: Brahms: Symphony No. 1; Ein deutsches Requiem (EMI Music Distribution)
  • 1999: Celibidache Conducts Beethoven 7 & 8 (EMI Music Distribution)
  • 1999: Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 2 Op. 17 "Piccola Russia"; Dvořák: Concerto Op. 104 (Urania)
  • 1999: Brahms: Ein deutsches Requiem (Audiophile Classics)
  • 1999: Mussorgsky: Pictures at an Exhibition; Stravinsky: The Fairy's Kiss Suite (Deutsche Grammophon)
  • 1999: Prokofiev: Scythian Suite; Symphony No. 5 (Deutsche Grammophon)
  • 1999: Rimsky-Korsakov: Sheherazade; Stravinsky: The Firebird Suite (Version 1923) (Deutsche Grammophon)
  • 1999: Schumann: Symphony No. 2; Brahms: Haydn Variations (EMI Music Distribution)
  • 1999: Strauss: Don Juan; Tod und Verklärung; Respighi: Pini di Roma (Rehearsals) (Deutsche Grammophon)
  • 1999: Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 2; Brahms: Symphony No. 4 (Arkadia)
  • 2000: Brahms: Symphony No. 2; Mozart: Symphony No. 25 (Urania)
  • 2000: Bruckner: Symphonies Nos. 3–5 (Box Set) (Deutsche Grammophon)
  • 2000: Bruckner: Symphony No. 3 (Deutsche Grammophon)
  • 2000: Bruckner: Symphony No. 4 (Deutsche Grammophon)
  • 2000: Bruckner: Symphony No. 5 (Rehearsal) (Deutsche Grammophon)
  • 2000: Bruckner: Symphony No. 5; Mozart: Symphony No. 35 (Deutsche Grammophon)
  • 2000: Franck: Symphony in D; Hindemith: Mathis der Mahler (Deutsche Grammophon)
  • 2000: Richard Strauss: Till Eulenspiegel; Don Juan; Shostakovich: Symphony No. 9 (Deutsche Grammophon)
  • 2000: Schubert: Symphony No. 8 "Unfinished"; Tchaikovsky: Nutcracker Suite (Aura Classics)
  • 2000: Sibelius: Symphonies Nos. 2 & 5 (Deutsche Grammophon)
  • 2001: Sergiu Celibidache (Classica d'Oro)
  • 2001: Sergiu Celibidache et la Philharmonie de Berlin (Tahra)
  • 2001: Shostakovich: Symphony No. 7 "Leningrad" (Classica d'Oro)
  • 2002: Prokofiev: Symphonies Nos. 1 & 5; Violin Concerto No. 1 (Classica d'Oro)
  • 2003: Mendelssohn: Symphony No. 4 "Italian"; Bizet: Symphony in C (Archipel)
  • 2004: Bach: Mass in B minor (EMI Classics)
  • 2004: Bruckner: Symphonies Nos. 3–5, 7–9 [Box Set] (Deutsche Grammophon)
  • 2004: Celibidache Conducts Milhaud & Roussel (EMI Music Distribution)
  • 2004: Celibidache Plays Mozart's Requiem (EMI Classics)
  • 2004: Fauré: Requiem; Stravinsky: Symphony of Psalms [Live] (EMI Music Distribution)
  • 2004: Overtures by Berlioz, Mendelssohn, Schubert, Smetana & Strauss (EMI Music Distribution)
  • 2004: Prokofiev: Symphonies 1 & 5 (EMI Music Distribution)
  • 2004: Rimsky-Korsakov: Scheherazade (EMI Music Distribution)
  • 2004: Shostakovich: Symphony No. 7 'Leningrad' (Pickwick)
  • 2006: Celibidache: Der Taschengarten (Universal Classics & Jazz)
  • 2006: Celibidache: The Complete EMI Edition [Limited Edition] [Box Set] (EMI Classics)
  • 2006: Sergiu Celibidache: Lesen & Hören [CD+Book]
  • 2007: Beethoven: Symphony No. 3 "Eroica"; Overture Leonre III (Archipel)
  • 2007: Bruckner: Symphony No. 5
  • 2007: Schumann: Symphony No. 4; Mussorgsky: Pictures at an Exhibition
  • 2008: Sergiu Celibedache Conducts Kölner Rundfunk-Sinfonie-Orchester (Orfeo)
  • n.d.: Anton Bruckner: Symphonies Nos. 5 & 8; Brahms: Haydn Variations, Op. 56 (Exclusive)
  • n.d.: Anton Bruckner: Symphony No. 7 in E major (As Disc)
  • n.d.: Antonín Dvořák: Symphony N. 7; Johann Strauss Jr.: Die Fledermaus Overture (Artists)
  • n.d.: Bach: Mass in B minor (Exclusive)
  • n.d.: Beethoven: Symphonies Nos. 2 & 4 (Artists)
  • n.d.: Beethoven: Symphony No. 7; Bach: Brandenburg Coincerto No. 3; Ravel: Le Tombeau de Couperin (Archipel)
  • n.d.: Berlioz: Symphonie fantastique, Op. 14; Roméo et Juliette (Arkadia)
  • n.d.: Brahms: Ein deutsches Requiem (Myto Records)
  • n.d.: Brahms: Symphonies Nos. 1–4 [Box Set] (Deutsche Grammophon)
  • n.d.: Brahms: Symphonies Nos. 2 & 3 (Deutsche Grammophon)
  • n.d.: Brahms: Symphonies Nos. 2–4; Variations on a theme from Haydn (Acum)
  • n.d.: Brahms: Symphony No. 1 (Deutsche Grammophon)
  • n.d.: Brahms: Symphony No. 1 (Acum)
  • n.d.: Brahms: Symphony No. 4 (Rehearsal) (Deutsche Grammophon)
  • n.d.: Brahms: Symphony Nos. 2 & 3 (Legend)
  • n.d.: Brahms: The Complete Symphonies; Haydn Variations; Alto Rhapsody (Living Stage)
  • n.d.: Bruckner: Symphonies 4 & 9 (Exclusive)
  • n.d.: Bruckner: Symphonies 7 & 8 (Deutsche Grammophon)
  • n.d.: Bruckner: Symphonies 7–9 [Box Set] (Deutsche Grammophon)
  • n.d.: Bruckner: Symphony 7 (Deutsche Grammophon)
  • n.d.: Bruckner: Symphony 9 (Deutsche Grammophon)
  • n.d.: Bruckner: Symphony No. 3 (Exclusive)
  • n.d.: Bruckner: Symphony No. 7 (Arkadia)
  • n.d.: Bruckner: Symphony No8, WAB108; Schubert: Symphony in Bf No5, D485 (Deutsche Grammophon)
  • n.d.: Celibidache Conducts Debussy & Ravel (Box Set) (Deutsche Grammophon)
  • n.d.: Celibidache Conducts Debussy / Respighi / Milhaud (Originals)
  • n.d.: Celibidache Conducts Mussorgsky, Stravinsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, Prokofiev (Box Set) (Deutsche Grammophon)
  • n.d.: Celibidache Conducts Ravel & Stravinsky (Originals)
  • n.d.: Celibidache Conducts Tchaikovsky (Grammofono 2000)
  • n.d.: Celibidache Festival (Originals)
  • n.d.: Celibidache [Box Set] (Deutsche Grammophon)
  • n.d.: Celibidache Conducts Debussy (FED)
  • n.d.: Celibidache, Vol. 1: Symphonies (EMI Classics)
  • n.d.: Celibidache, Vol. 3: French & Russian Music (EMI Classics)
  • n.d.: Celibidache, Vol. 4: Sacred Music & Opera (EMI Classics)
  • n.d.: Celibidache Conducts Stravinsky (Arlecchino)
  • n.d.: Debussy: Ibéria; Ravel: Rapsodie espagnole; Alborada del gracioso (Deutsche Grammophon)
  • n.d.: Debussy: La Mer (Rehearsal) (Deutsche Grammophon)
  • n.d.: Debussy: La Mer; La Damoiselle élue; Milhaud: Saudades do Brazil (Fonit-Cetra Italia)
  • n.d.: Debussy: Nocturnes; La Mer (Deutsche Grammophon)
  • n.d.: Dvořák: Concerto in B minor / Eight Slavonic Dances (Arkadia)
  • n.d.: Dvořák: Violin Concerto; Symphony 9 (Concerto)
  • n.d.: Franck: Symphonie en Ré mineur; Wagner: Siegfried-Idyll; Tristan und Isolde prelude (Arkadia)
  • n.d.: Great Conductors of the 20th Century, Vol. 39: Sergiu Celibidache (EMI Music Distribution)
  • n.d.: Haydn: Symphony No. 104 "London"; Debussy: Jeux; Igor Stravinsky: Jeux de Cartes (Urania)
  • n.d.: Haydn: Symphony No. 103; Mozart: Symphony No. 38 (Originals)
  • n.d.: Legendary Performers Vol. 2 (As Disc)
  • n.d.: Mussorgsky: Pictures at an Exhibition; Strauss: Don Juan (Artist)
  • n.d.: Mozart: Great Mass in C minor, K. 427; Concerto for Two Pianos and Orchestra, K. 365; Haffner Serenade, K. 250 (Acum)
  • n.d.: Mozart: Great Mass in C minor, K. 427; Haffner Serenade, K. 250 (Fonit-Cetra Italia)
  • n.d.: Mozart: Requiem (Il Sabato)
  • n.d.: Mozart: Requiem (Artists)
  • n.d.: Mozart: Symphonies Nos. 40 & 41; Schubert: Symphony No. 5; Schumann: Symphony No. 2 (Living Stage)
  • n.d.: Mozart: Symphony No. 41; Schubert: Symphony No. 5 (Memories)
  • n.d.: Mussorgsky: Pictures at an Exhibition; Cherubini: Symphony in D major; Bäck: Intrada for Orchestra (Originals)
  • n.d.: Prokofiev: Romeo et Juliet (Extracts) (Deutsche Grammophon)
  • n.d.: Prokofiev: Romeo E Giulietta/Berlioz: Romeo E Giulietta/Tchaikovsky: Romeo E Giulietta (Fonit-Cetra Italia)
  • n.d.: Prokofiev: Symphony No. 5; Prokofiev, Berlioz, Tchaikovsky: Romeo et Juliet (Acum)
  • n.d.: RTSI Orchestra Conducted by Sergiu Celibidache: Schubert, Tchaikovsky
  • n.d.: Ravel: La Valse; Daphnis et Chloé; Suite No. 2; Le Tombeau de Couperin (Deutsche Grammophon)
  • n.d.: Richard Strauss: Tod und Verklärung; Vier letzte Lieder; Igor Stravinsky: L'oiseau de feu; Ravel: Daphnis et Chloé (Acum)
  • n.d.: Rimsky-Korsakov: Schéhérazade (Originals)
  • n.d.: Schubert/Schumann: Symphonies (Fonit-Cetra Italia)
  • n.d.: Schubert: Symphonies Nos. 5 & 8; Schumann: Symphonies No. 1 "Primavera" & 2 (Acum)
  • n.d.: Schubert: Symphonies Nos. 8 & 9; Franck: Symphony in D minor; Mussorgsky-Ravel: Pictures at an Exhibition (Urania)
  • n.d.: Schumann: Piano Concerto in A minor, Op. 54; Richard Strauss: Vier letzte Lieder (Artists Live Recording)
  • n.d.: Schumann: Symphony Nos. 1 & 2 (Cetra)
  • n.d.: Sergiu Celibidache Alla Rai, Vol. 5 (Fonit-Cetra Italia)
  • n.d.: Sergiu Celibidache Conducts (Artists)
  • n.d.: Sergiu Celibidache Conducts (EMI Classics)
  • n.d.: Sergiu Celibidache Conducts (Enterprise)
  • n.d.: Sergiu Celibidache Conducts (Urania)
  • n.d.: Sergiu Celibidache Conducts Beethoven: Symphonies Nos. 2 & 4 (FED)
  • n.d.: Sergiu Celibidache Conducts Brahms: Ein Deutsches Requiem, Op. 45 (IDIS)
  • n.d.: Sergiu Celibidache Conducts Mendelssohn, Haydn, Beethoven (IDIS)
  • n.d.: Sergiu Celibidache Conducts the Berliner Philharmoniker (Myto Records)
  • n.d.: Sergiu Celibidache alla RAI, Vol. 1: Johannes Brahms – Sinfonie 1–4, Variazione su un tema di Haydn (Fonit-Cetra Italia)
  • n.d.: Sergiu Celibidache conducts Blacher, Mendelssohn, Brahms, Cherubini, Schwarz-Schilling (Tahra)
  • n.d.: Sergiu Celibidache conducts Franck, Tchaikovsky (IDIS)
  • n.d.: Sergiu Celibidache conducts Schubert & Schumann (IDIS)
  • n.d.: Sergiu Celibidache, Vol. 1 (Arlecchino)
  • n.d.: Sergiu Celibidache: From the collection of Deutsches Rundfunkarchiv (Music & Arts)
  • n.d.: Sergiu Celibidache: Magier des Klangs (Documents)
  • n.d.: Shostakovich: Symphony No. 7 "Leningrad" (Grammofono 2000)
  • n.d.: Shostakovich: Symphony No 5, Op. 47; Symphony No. 9, Op. 70 (Arkadia)
  • n.d.: Shostakovich: Symphonies 1 & 9; Barber: Adagio for Strings (EMI Classics)
  • n.d.: Strauss: Don Juan; Tod und Verklärung; Respighi: Pini di Roma (Deutsche Grammophon)
  • n.d.: Strauss: Ein Heldenleben (Deutsche Grammophon)
  • n.d.: Stravinsky: L'Oiseau de feu; Ravel: Daphnis et Chloé; La Valse; Pavane pour une infante défunte (Cetra)
  • n.d.: Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 4; Nutcracker Suite (Angel Records / EMI Classics)
  • n.d.: Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 6; Monteverdi: Vespers of 1610 – Ave Maris Stella (Archipel)
  • n.d.: The Art of Sergiu Celibidache, Volume 1–7 (Arlecchino)
  • n.d.: The Complete RIAS Recordings (Audite)
  • n.d.: The Stuttgart Recordings, Vol. 3 (Deutsche Grammophon)
  • n.d.: The Unpublished Celibidache in Naples (Originals)
  • n.d.: Verdi: Requiem (EMI Classics)
  • n.d.: Wagner: Tristan und Isolde, WWV90; Siegfried Idyll, WWV103 (Arkadia)

Honors, awards, and decorations

Notes
  1. In several sources, his son's name is rendered as Serge Ioan Celebidachi.

References
  1. "Sergiu Celibidache – das Wesen der Musik". Focus (in German). 26 June 2012. Retrieved 10 October 2013.
  2. "Der Stachel im Fleisch des Musikbetriebs". Süddeutsche Zeitung (in German). 4 July 2012. Retrieved 10 October 2013.
  3. The 28 June 1912 date of birth was based on the old style Julian calendar then officially used in Romania. According to the modern Gregorian calendar that is currently used in the West, Celibidache's birthdate would be 11 July 1912.
  4. Naxos – Sergiu Celibidache (Biography) Sergiu Celibidache. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
  5. EMI Classics. Sergiu Celibidache (1912–1996): Biography. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
  6. Biography
  7. Lang, Klaus (2015). Celibidache şi Furtwängler : marele conflict postbelic de la Filarmonica din Berlin. Bucureşti: Humanitas. pp. 16, 23. ISBN 9789735048785. OCLC 967947126.
  8. Celibidache, Serge Ioan (2001), Sergiu Celibidache's garden, Facets Video, ISBN 1565802829, OCLC 50094469
  9. Richard Davis, Eileen Joyce: A Portrait
  10. "Konrad von Abel". Musikproduktion Höflich. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 14 November 2013.
  11. Buzzarté, Monique. "We Need a Man for Solo Trombone: Abbie Conant's Story." IAWM Journal. (International Alliance for Women in Music, February 1996), 8–11. Available online here Archived 29 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine. (Retrieved 20 October 2012).
  12. Brief, Conant vs. LH München, AGM Aktz: 2 Ca 7022/82, February 3, 1983.
  13. "Abbie Conant in the Munich Philharmonic". www.osborne-conant.org. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
  14. Final judgment, Conant vs. LH München, AGM Aktz: 2 Ca. 7022/82, April 12, 1984.
  15. Final judgement, Conant vs. LH München Aktz. Ca 2 7022/82, April 12, 1984.
  16. James R. Oestreich (15 March 1998). "The Reticent High Priest of Munich". The New York Times. Retrieved 31 August 2007.
  17. John Rockwell (28 February 1984). "Debut of Sergiu Celibidache". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 October 2007.
  18. Will Crutchfield (27 April 1989). "Sergiu Celibidache Conducts An Unhurried Bruckner 4th". The New York Times. Retrieved 31 August 2007.
  19. John Rockwell (29 August 1993). "When Mystic Meets Mystic". The New York Times. Retrieved 31 August 2007.
  20. "Conductor Sergiu Celibidache Biography". iClassics. Archived from the original on 29 October 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2007.
  21. Landeshauptstadt München Direktorium. Ehrenbürgerrecht der Landeshauptstadt München (Honorary Citizens of the Provincial Capital of Munich) located online here (Retrieved 1 September 2012).

Further reading
  • Celibidache, Serge (2001). Celibidache!. Academy Chicago Publishers. ISBN 0-89733-504-X.
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