Soft diet

A mechanical soft diet or edentulous diet or soft food(s) diet is a diet that involves only foods that are physically soft, with the goal of reducing or eliminating the need to chew the food. It is recommended for people who have difficulty chewing food, including people with some types of dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), the loss of many or all teeth, pain from recently adjusted dental braces, or surgery involving the jaw, mouth, or gastrointestinal tract.

A mechanical soft diet can include many or most foods if they are mashed, puréed, chopped very small, combined with sauce or gravy, or softened in liquid.

In some situations, there are additional restrictions. For example, patients who need to avoid acid reflux, such as those recovering from esophageal surgery for achalasia, are also instructed to stay away from foods that can aggravate reflux, which include alcohol, caffeine, chocolate, citrus fruits, ketchup and other tomato products, mint, and spicy foods. Foods such as blackberries and tomatoes may be restricted because they contain small seeds.[1]

Alternatives

A puréed diet is commonly used for people who have difficulty swallowing and provides a uniformly smooth consistency.[1]

Soft diets, particularly purée foods, can contribute to the high prevalence of malnutrition in those with dysphagia, especially in long-term care residents.[2] Such diets are often less palatable, and a reduction in food intake is common. Also, puréed diets are often poorer in calories, protein, and micronutrients than regular diets.[3]

Most of the foods on this diet can be both puréed and thinned with liquids to be incorporated into a full-liquid diet.

Examples

Desserts
Ice cream - with no chunks of chocolate, no whole nuts or nut bits, nor other hard ingredients - can be part of a soft diet.

Fruits and vegetables
Applesauce and other puréed fruits and vegetables require no chewing.

Grains/starches
Soggy breakfast cereal requires little or no chewing.

Protein
Peanut butter and other nut butters provide protein without needing to chew. However, they may be too thick or sticky for people who have difficulty swallowing.

References
  1. White, Lois; Duncan, Gena; Baumle, Wendy (2010-01-27). Foundations of Basic Nursing. Cengage Learning. pp. 395–396. ISBN 978-1428317741.
  2. O'Keeffe ST (July 2018). "Use of modified diets to prevent aspiration in oropharyngeal dysphagia: is current practice justified?". BMC Geriatrics. 18 (1): 167. doi:10.1186/s12877-018-0839-7. PMC 6053717. PMID 30029632.
  3. Keller, H. & Chambers, L. & Niezgoda, H. & Duizer, L. (2012). "Issues associated with the use of modified texture foods". J Nutr Health Aging. 16: 195–200.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
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