Spanish garden

A traditional Spanish garden is a style of garden or designed landscape developed in historic Spain, incorporating principles and elements of garden design from precedents in ancient Persian gardens, Roman gardens and Islamic gardens, and the great Moorish gardens (historically known as riyads[1][2]) of the Al-Andalus era on the Iberian Peninsula. In the 20th and 21st centuries a 'Spanish Garden,' or new gardens in Spain, have continued, interpreted, abstracted, or departed from these traditional planning and aesthetic motifs.

Jardín del Generalife de Granada

Traditions

Traditionally, the paradise garden is interpreted with a central cross axis, in the four cardinal directions, with long ponds or water channels (a rill or stylized qanat) where water reflects and flows, set in a walled courtyard. The remaining quadrants often had fruit trees and fragrant plants. Thus, characteristic sensory experiences are refreshing coolness, humidity, sounds, greenery, and fragrance. This type of garden is compatible with the Spanish climate of sun and heat. Provisions for shade are given with the use of arcades, pergolas, trellising, and garden pavilions. Ceramic elements and tiles are often used: in water features; for structural, decorative, and seating elements; and as paving; with solid fields, embellishments and accents; and in pottery. A clarity from the symmetrical simplicity often results.[3]

Historical design eras

Spain has a long tradition of making gardens. Significant gardens were made by:

Many historic gardens are protected by a heritage designation, Jardín histórico.

  • Garden of the Lions from Maria Luisa Park
  • Gardens from Alcázar of Seville.
  • Maria Luisa Park, Seville
  • Jardín de la Alhambra
  • Jardín del Alcázar de Sevilla
  • Jardín del Alcázar de Córdoba
  • Jardín del Museo Sorolla de Madrid
  • Jardín de la Alcazaba de Málaga
  • Jardines de las Delicias de Sevilla
  • Jardín del Alcázar de Jerez
  • Bird nests built by Gaudí in the Park Güell terrace walls.

See also

Notes
  1. Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P., eds. (2012). "Būstān". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill.
  2. Wilbaux, Quentin (2001). La médina de Marrakech: Formation des espaces urbains d'une ancienne capitale du Maroc. Paris: L'Harmattan. ISBN 2747523888.
  3. Segall (1999), pp. 8–10
  4. Goodwin (1990), pp. 1–13
  5. Goodwin (1990), pp. 13–17

References
  • Correcher, Consuelo (1993). The Gardens of Spain. Harry N. Abrahms. ISBN 0-8109-3370-5.
  • Segall, Barbara (1999). The Garden Lover's Guide to Spain and Portugal. Princeton Architectural Press. pp. 8–10. ISBN 1-56898-161-9.
  • Goodwin, Godfrey (1990). Islamic Spain. Chronicle Books. ISBN 0-87701-692-5.
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