Spirit of the Confederacy

Spirit of the Confederacy, also known as the Confederacy Monument, is an outdoor bronze sculpture depicting an angel holding a sword and palm branch by Louis Amateis, installed in Houston's Sam Houston Park, in the U.S. state of Texas. It was erected in 1908 by a local chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.

Spirit of the Confederacy
The monument in 2013
ArtistLouis Amateis
Year1908 (1908)
MediumBronze sculpture
SubjectAngel
LocationHouston, Texas, United States

History
Unveiling in City Park, 1908

The memorial was installed by the Robert E. Lee Chapter #186 of the United Daughters of the Confederacy[1] and unveiled on his birthday in January 1908. It had taken the Daughters nine years to collect the necessary $7,500.[2] The statue sits atop a granite pedestal. The memorial is dedicated "To all heroes of the South who fought for the Principles of States Rights".[1]

Illustration of the monument

The monument was put up at a time when Houston was a re-segregated city; the city had enacted separate streetcar compartments for whites and blacks in 1903, and "the following year, thousands of black voters were removed from the electorate when the city adopted a $2.50 poll tax". At the unveiling, Joseph Chappell Hutcheson, a Confederate veteran and Democratic representative in the Texas House of Representatives and the United States House of Representatives, said, "Look upon this masterpiece wrought in bronze, this marvel of art to typify the spirit and genius of that Confederacy we once so fondly loved and still so fondly cherish".[3] A 1911 history of the city said it has "done much to preserve the memory of the Confederate soldiers who have passed over the river and to care for and comfort those who are still on this side".[4]

Pressures for removal

Doubts about the monument were expressed in 2015 after the racially motivated Charleston church shooting, with one citizen asking, "Is it something that we want to take pride in anymore when so many people are offended by it?"[5] Protesters said the statue celebrated slavery and racism, while others argued that removing the monument meant removing history.[6] The controversy was reignited in 2017 after the Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville.[3] The monument is one of two monuments in Houston dedicated to the Confederacy; the other is the statue of Richard W. Dowling.[2]

On June 11, 2020, the City of Houston announced plans to relocate the monument as well as the Dowling statue. Spirit of the Confederacy will relocate to the Houston Museum of African American Culture with the support of Houston Endowment.[7] While the plans to relocate the statues had been formulating for some time, the events surrounding the death of former Houston resident George Floyd prompted the mayor and task force to move forward. The monument moved to a warehouse on June 19, in commemoration of the Juneteenth holiday.[8]

See also

References
  1. "Spirit of the Confederacy". City of Houston. Retrieved August 20, 2017.
  2. McMichael, Kelly (2013). Sacred Memories: The Civil War Monument Movement in Texas. Texas A&M University Press. pp. 89–90. ISBN 9780876112991.
  3. Gonzalez, J. R. (August 18, 2017). "Houston Confederate statue once symbolized city's attitude toward Southern cause". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved August 20, 2017.
  4. Carroll, Benajah Harvey (1911). Standard History of Houston Texas. p. 208.
  5. Martin, Florian (June 29, 2015). "So What About All Those Confederate Symbols In Houston?". Houston Public Media. Retrieved August 20, 2017.
  6. Harden, John D.; Elliott, Rebecca (August 15, 2017). "Tensions put spotlight on Confederate monument in Houston park". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  7. "Press Releases". www.houstontx.gov. Retrieved 2020-06-15.
  8. The Spirit of Confederacy statue has officially been removed from Sam Houston Park

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