List of Confederate monuments and memorials

Memorials have been erected on public spaces (including on courthouse grounds) either at public expense or funded by private organizations and donors. Numerous private memorials have also been erected.

Chart of public symbols of the Confederacy and its leaders as surveyed by the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), by year of establishment. Most of these were put up either during the Jim Crow era or during the Civil Rights Movement.[lower-alpha 2] These two periods also coincided with the 50th and 100th anniversaries of the Civil War.[lower-alpha 3][6]

According to Smithsonian Magazine, "Confederate monuments aren't just heirlooms, the artifacts of a bygone era. Instead, American taxpayers are still heavily investing in these tributes today."[2] The report also concluded that the monuments were constructed and are regularly maintained in promotion of Lost Cause, white supremacist mythology, and over the many decades of their establishment, African American leaders regularly protested these memorials and what they represented.[2]

A small number of memorializations were made during the war, mainly as ship and place names. After the war, Robert E. Lee said on several occasions that he was opposed to any monuments, as they would, in his opinion, "keep open the sores of war".[7] Nevertheless, monuments and memorials continued to be dedicated shortly after the American Civil War.[8] Many more monuments were dedicated in the years after 1890, when Congress established the first National Military Park at Chickamauga and Chattanooga, and by the turn of the 20th century, five battlefields from the Civil War had been preserved: Chickamauga-Chattanooga, Antietam, Gettysburg, Shiloh, and Vicksburg. At Vicksburg National Military Park, more than 95% of the park's monuments were erected in the first eighteen years after the park was established in 1899.[9]

Confederate monument-building has often been part of widespread campaigns to promote and justify Jim Crow laws in the South.[10][1][11] According to the American Historical Association (AHA), the erection of Confederate monuments during the early 20th century was "part and parcel of the initiation of legally mandated segregation and widespread disenfranchisement across the South." According to the AHA, memorials to the Confederacy erected during this period "were intended, in part, to obscure the terrorism required to overthrow Reconstruction, and to intimidate African Americans politically and isolate them from the mainstream of public life." A later wave of monument building coincided with the civil rights movement, and according to the AHA "these symbols of white supremacy are still being invoked for similar purposes."[12] According to Smithsonian Magazine, "far from simply being markers of historic events and people, as proponents argue, these memorials were created and funded by Jim Crow governments to pay homage to a slave-owning society and to serve as blunt assertions of dominance over African-Americans."[2]

Statue in Monroe County, West Virginia, 2016

According to historian Jane Dailey from the University of Chicago, in many cases, the purpose of the monuments was not to celebrate the past but rather to promote a "white supremacist future".[13] Another historian, Karen L. Cox, from the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, has written that the monuments are "a legacy of the brutally racist Jim Crow era", and that "the whole point of Confederate monuments is to celebrate white supremacy".[11] Another historian from UNC, James Leloudis, stated that "The funders and backers of these monuments are very explicit that they are requiring a political education and a legitimacy for the Jim Crow era and the right of white men to rule."[14] They were erected without the consent or even input of Southern African Americans, who remembered the Civil War far differently, and who had no interest in honoring those who fought to keep them enslaved.[15] According to Civil War historian Judith Giesberg, professor of history at Villanova University, "White supremacy is really what these statues represent."[16] Some monuments were also meant to beautify cities as part of the City Beautiful movement, although this was secondary.[17]

In a June 2018 speech, Civil War historian James I. Robertson Jr. of Virginia Tech University said the monuments were not a "Jim Crow signal of defiance" and referred to the current trend to dismantle or destroy them as an "age of idiocy" motivated by "elements hell-bent on tearing apart unity that generations of Americans have painfully constructed."[18] Katrina Dunn Johnson, Curator of the South Carolina Confederate Relic Room and Military Museum, states that "thousands of families throughout the country were unable to reclaim their soldier's remains--many never learned their loved ones' exact fate on the battlefield or within the prison camps. The psychological impact of such a devastating loss cannot be underestimated when attempting to understand the primary motivations behind Southern memorialization."[19]

Many Confederate monuments were dedicated in the former Confederate states and border states in the decades following the Civil War, in many instances by Ladies Memorial Associations, United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC), United Confederate Veterans (UCV), Sons of Confederate Veterans (SCV), the Heritage Preservation Association, and other memorial organizations.[20][21][22] Other Confederate monuments are located on Civil War battlefields. Many Confederate monuments are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, either separately or as contributing objects within listings of courthouses or historic districts. Art historians Cynthia Mills and Pamela Simpson argued, in Monuments to the Lost Cause, that the majority of Confederate monuments, of the type they define, were "commissioned by white women, in hope of preserving a positive vision of antebellum life."[23][24]

In the late nineteenth century, technological innovations in the granite and bronze industries helped reduce costs and made monuments more affordable for small towns. Companies looking to capitalize on this opportunity often sold nearly identical copies of monuments to both the North and South.[25]

Another wave of monument construction coincided with the Civil Rights Movement and the American Civil War Centennial.[1]^:11 At least thirty-two Confederate monuments were dedicated between 2000 and 2017, including at least 7 re-dedications.[26][27][28][29]

Scholarly studies of the monuments began in the 1980s. In 1983 John J. Winberry published a study which was based on data from the work of R.W. Widener.[30][31] He estimated that the main building period for monuments was from 1889 to 1929 and that of the monuments erected in courthouse squares over half were built between 1902 and 1912. He determined four main locations for monuments; battlefields, cemeteries, county courthouse grounds, and state capitol grounds. Over a third of the courthouse monuments were dedicated to the dead. The majority of the cemetery monuments in his study were built in the pre-1900 period, while most of the courthouse monuments were erected after 1900. Of the 666 monuments in his study 55% were of Confederate soldiers, while 28% were obelisks. Soldiers dominated courthouse grounds, while obelisks account for nearly half of cemetery monuments. The idea that the soldier statues always faced north was found to be untrue and that the soldiers usually faced the same direction as the courthouse. He noted that the monuments were "remarkably diverse" with "only a few instances of repetition of inscriptions".[31]

The Confederate Memorial in Fulton, Kentucky is listed on the National Register of Historic Places

He categorized the monuments into four types. Type 1 was a Confederate soldier on a column with his weapon at parade rest, or weaponless and gazing into the distance. These accounted for approximately half the monuments studied. They are, however, the most popular among the courthouse monuments. Type 2 was a Confederate soldier on a column with rifle ready, or carrying a flag or bugle. Type 3 was an obelisk, often covered with drapery and bearing cannonballs or an urn. This type was 28% of the monuments studied, but 48% of the monuments in cemeteries and 18% of courthouse monuments. Type 4 was a miscellaneous group, including arches, standing stones, plaques, fountains, etc. These account for 17% of the monuments studied.[31]

Over a third of the courthouse monuments were specifically dedicated to the Confederate dead. The first courthouse monument was erected in Bolivar, Tennessee, in 1867. By 1880 nine courthouse monuments had been erected. Winberry noted two centers of courthouse monuments: the Potomac counties of Virginia, from which the tradition spread to North Carolina, and a larger area covering Georgia, South Carolina and northern Florida. The diffusion of courthouse monuments was aided by organizations such as the United Confederate Veterans and their publications, though other factors may also have been effective.[31]

Winberry listed four reasons for the shift from cemeteries to courthouses. First was the need to preserve the memory of the Confederate dead and also recognize the veterans who returned. Second was to celebrate the rebuilding of the South after the war. Third was the romanticizing of the Lost Cause, and the fourth was to unify the white population in a common heritage against the interests of African-American Southerners. He concluded: "No one of these four possible explanations for the Confederate monument is adequate or complete in itself. The monument is a symbol, but whether it was a memory of the past, a celebration of the present, or a portent of the future remains a difficult question to answer; monuments and symbols can be complicated and sometimes indecipherable."[31]

As of June 19, over 12 Confederate monuments had been vandalized in 2019, usually with paint.[39][40]

The Confederate Monument to Robert E. Lee is removed from its pedestal on May 17, 2017

As of April 2017, at least 60 symbols of the Confederacy had been removed or renamed since 2015, according to the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC).[41] At the same time, laws in various Southern states place restrictions on, or prohibit altogether, the removal of statues and memorials and the renaming of parks, roads, and schools.[42][43][44][45][46]

A 2017 Reuters poll found that 54% of adults stated that the monuments should remain in all public spaces, and 27% said they should be removed, while 19% said they were unsure. The results were split along racial and political lines, with whites and Republicans preferring to keep the monuments in place, while blacks and Democrats were more likely to support their removal.[47][48] A similar 2017 poll by HuffPost/YouGov found that one-third of respondents favored removal, while 49% were opposed.[49][50]

Support for removal increased during the George Floyd protests, with 52% in favor of removal, and 44% opposed.[51][52]

There are eight Confederate figures in the National Statuary Hall Collection, in the United States Capitol.

• In the National Statuary Hall Collection, in the United States Capitol, each state has provided statues of two citizens that the state wants to honor. The following Confederate figures are among them, many in Confederate Army uniforms.[54] Dates reflect when the statue was given to the collection:[55][56]
  • Zebulon Baird Vance (North Carolina, 1916)[57]
  • Uriah M. Rose (Arkansas, 1917)[58]
  • Edmund Kirby Smith (Florida, 1922). On March 19, 2018, the Governor of Florida signed legislation replacing Smith with African-American educator and civil rights advocate Mary McLeod Bethune.[59] As of June 2020 the Smith statue remains, pending completion of the Bethune statue.
  • Joseph Wheeler (Alabama, 1925)[60]
  • Alexander Hamilton Stephens (Georgia, 1927)[61]
  • Wade Hampton III (South Carolina, 1929)[62]
  • Jefferson Davis (Mississippi, 1931)[63]
  • James Zachariah George (Mississippi, 1931)[64]
  • Jabez Lamar Monroe Curry (Alabama, 1908) was replaced by a statue of Helen Keller in 2009[65]
• Peace Monument, also known as the Naval Monument or Civil War Sailors Monument, stands on the grounds of the United States Capitol in Peace Circle at First Street, N.W., and Pennsylvania Avenue. Erected in 1877–1878 to commemorate the naval deaths at sea during the Civil War.

Confederate Memorial, Arlington National Cemetery

• The antebellum home of Robert E. Lee during the Civil War, Arlington House, in Arlington County, Virginia, overlooks Arlington National Cemetery. A National Park Service (NPS) memorial, the estate became the site of Arlington National Cemetery in part to ensure that Lee could never return to his home.[66]

The NPS describes the property as "the nation's memorial to Robert E. Lee. It honors him for specific reasons, including his role in promoting peace and reunion after the Civil War. In a larger sense it exists as a place of study and contemplation of the meaning of some of the most difficult aspects of American History: military service; sacrifice; citizenship; duty; loyalty; slavery and freedom."[67]

• The Confederate Memorial at Arlington National Cemetery was a project of the United Daughters of the Confederacy. authorized in 1906 by the United States Secretary of War William Howard Taft, and unveiled by President Wilson in 1914.[68]

• Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson were portrayed by the US Mint on the 1925 Commemorative silver US half dollar, along with the words "Stone Mountain". The coin was a fundraiser for the Stone Mountain monument, which honors the Confederate Generals. The authorized issue was 5 million coins, to be sold at $1 each, but that proved overly optimistic and only 1.3 million coins were released, many of which ended up in circulation after being spent for face value.[69] The caption on the reverse reads "Memorial to the valor of the soldier of the South".
• Robert E. Lee has been commemorated on at least five US postage stamps. One 1936–37 stamp featured Generals Lee and Stonewall Jackson with Lee's home Stratford Hall.[70]

There are 10 major U.S. military bases named in honor of Confederate military leaders, all in former Confederate States.[1] In 2015 the Pentagon declared it would not be renaming these facilities,[71] and declined to make further comment in 2017.[72]

• Fort Lee, Virginia (1917) named for CSA Gen. Robert E. Lee
• Camp Beauregard, Louisiana (1917) named for CSA Gen. Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard.[73]
• Fort Benning, Alabama/Georgia border (1917) named for CSA Brig. Gen. Henry L. Benning
• Fort Gordon, Georgia (1917) named for CSA Maj. Gen. John Brown Gordon
• Fort Bragg, North Carolina (1918) named for CSA Gen. Braxton Bragg. The largest military installation in the world by population.[74]
• Fort Polk, Louisiana (1941) named for CSA Gen. Leonidas Polk
• Fort A.P. Hill, Virginia (1941) named for CSA Lt. Gen. A. P. Hill
• Fort Pickett, Virginia (1942) named for CSA Gen. George Pickett
• Fort Rucker, Alabama (1942) named for CSA Gen. Edmund Rucker[71]
• Fort Hood, Texas (1942) named for CSA Gen. John Bell Hood.[75]
• Camp Breckinridge, near Morganfield, Kentucky (closed) named for John C. Breckinridge, U.S. Vice President and Confederate general. Prisoner of war camp during World War II; used for Army basic training during the Korean War. Currently houses the Earle C. Clements Job Corps Center.

• Lee Barracks, named for CSA Gen. Robert E. Lee (1962), at U.S. Military Academy at West Point, New York.[76]
• Lee Barracks (de) (Mainz, Germany), closed in 1992
• U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland:
  • Buchanan House, the Naval Academy superintendent's home, named for CSA naval officer Franklin Buchanan.[77] A road near the house is also memorialized in Buchanan's name.
  • Maury Hall, home to the academy's division of Weapons and Systems Engineering, named for US naval officer in charge of the Depot of Charts and Instruments at Washington and later CSA naval officer Matthew Fontaine Maury.[77][78]

• USNS Maury (T-AGS-66) (2013)

• USS Atchison County (LST-60), named for counties in Kansas and Missouri established in honor of Brigadier General David Rice Atchison
• USS Brooke (FFG-1) - frigate named after Confederate marine engineer John Mercer Brooke
• USS Buchanan: Three U.S. Navy destroyers have been named in honor of the highest ranked Confederate Admiral Franklin Buchanan
  • USS Buchanan (DD-131) 1919–1940 then transferred to UK Navy
  • USS Buchanan (DD-484) 1941–1949 then transferred to Turkey's Navy
  • USS Buchanan (DDG-14) 1960–1991 then sank as target in 2000
• USS Dixon (AS-37) – Submarine tender named after Confederate submarine commander George E. Dixon
• USS Hunley (AS-31) – Submarine tender named after Confederate marine engineer Horace Lawson Hunley
• USS Maury – 5 former ships have carried the Maury name dating from WWI and WWII.
• USS Robert E Lee (SSBN-601) (ballistic missile submarine) in honor of Gen. Robert E. Lee.
• USS Richard L. Page (FFG-5) - frigate named after Confederate General Richard Lucian Page
• USS Semmes – two destroyers have been named for Raphael Semmes.
  • USS Semmes (DD-189) 1920–1946
  • USS Semmes (DDG-18) 1962–1991
• USS Stonewall Jackson (SSBN-634) 1964–1995.
• USS Tattnall (DDG-19) - destroyer named after Confederate Commodore Josiah Tattnall
• USS Tom Green County (LST-1159) 1953–1972 then transferred to Spain. The namesake Texas County was named for CSA Brig Gen Thomas Green
• USS Waddell (DDG-24) - destroyer named after Confederate Captain James Iredell Waddell
• SS Zebulon B. Vance, a World War II liberty ship, named for CSA Colonel and North Carolina Confederate governor Zebulon Baird Vance.
• Liberty Ship #113, named for Joseph E. Johnston by the US Navy.[79]
• Liberty ship #5, named for Alexander H. Stephens
• Liberty ship #8, named for Jefferson Davis

Several ships named for Confederate leaders fell into Union hands during the Civil War. The Union Navy retained the names of these ships while turning their guns against the Confederacy:

• Beauregard a privateer with letters of marque issued by the Confederacy, named in honor of Gen. P. G. T. Beauregard. Captured as a prize and purchased on Feb. 24, 1862 by the Union Navy which operated it as the USS Beauregard.
• USS General Price (1862) a Confederate ship sunk in battle, raised and used by the Union until sold in 1865.

• Confederate Soldiers Monument, also known as Defense of the Flag, Arkansas State Capitol grounds, (1905).[89]
• Confederate War Prisoners Memorial, Arkansas State Capitol grounds.[89]
• Monument to Confederate Women (or "Mother of the South"), Arkansas State Capitol grounds, Little Rock, Arkansas. Statue depicts a mother and daughter saying good-bye to their 16-year-old son and brother who is leaving to join his father in the fighting. (1913)[90][91]
• Old State House, several on the grounds:[92]
  • David O. Dodd Memorial (1923)
  • Defenders Memorial Plaque (1932)[93]
  • Gen. Thomas J. Churchill Memorial (1928)
  • Gen. William Read Scurry Memorial (1928)
  • Old State House Confederate Memorial[94]

• Arkadelphia: Arkadelphia Confederate Monument (1911)
• Blytheville: Confederate War Memorial (1934)
• Camden: Camden Confederate Monument (1915)
• Conway: Conway Confederate Monument (1925)
• El Dorado: El Dorado Confederate Monument (1909)
• Fort Smith: Ft. Smith Confederate Monument (1903)
• Lake Village: Lake Village Confederate Monument (1910)
• Lonoke: Lonoke Confederate Monument (1910)
• Marion, Crittenden County: Civil War Memorial (1936)
• Osceola: Searcy Confederate Monument (1917)[90]
• Van Buren: Van Buren Confederate Monument (1899)

Bentonville Confederate Monument

Confederate Statue, Fayetteville Confederate Cemetery

Confederate Soldiers Monument, Little Rock National Cemetery

Little Rock Confederate Memorial, Little Rock National Cemetery

Robert E. Lee Monument in Marianna

Star City Confederate Memorial

• Batesville: Batesville Confederate Monument (1907)
• Benton: Confederate Veterans' Memorial
• Bentonville: Bentonville Confederate Monument (1908); UDC monument[95]
• Camden: Granite obelisk topped by a cannonball, in fenced-off Confederate section of Oakland Cemetery
• Clarendon: Confederate Memorial
• Clarksville: Clarksville Confederate Monument, (1902) The Oakland Cemetery obelisk inscribed, "Sacred to the memory of our Confederate dead," was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.[96]
• Dardanelle: Dardanelle Confederate Monument (1921)
• Fayetteville: Confederate statue (1897), Fayetteville Confederate Cemetery[97]
• Fort Smith: Jefferson Davis Memorial (1937)
• Grant County: UDC monument (1928) at Jenkins' Ferry Battleground State Park to Confederate soldiers who died at the Battle of Jenkins' Ferry[98]
• Harrison: Boone County Confederate Veterans Memorial, on the grounds of the Boone County Courthouse (1986)
• Hot Springs:
  • Confederate State Capital, Bathhouse Row
  • Hot Springs Confederate Monument (1934)
• Jacksonport: Jackson County Confederate Memorial (1914)
• Little Rock:
  • Children of the Confederacy
  • Confederate Bench (1936)
  • Confederate Last Stand Monument
  • CSS Pontchartrain
  • Little Rock National Cemetery:
    • Confederate Soldiers Monument (1884); marks the mass burial of 640 Confederate soldiers[99]
    • Little Rock Confederate Memorial (1913)[100]
  • Memorial to Company A Confederate Soldiers (1911)
  • Monument to Confederate Soldiers (1905)
  • Southern Soldiers Memorial
• Magnolia: Gen. John Porter McCown Monument
• Marianna: Gen. Robert E. Lee Monument, 1910.
• Marmaduke: John Sappington Marmaduke Memorial
• Monticello: Monticello Confederate Monument
• New Edinburg: Captain Richard Tunball Banks Monument, 1864.
• Newport: Jackson Guards Memorial, built in 1914. Monument consists of a statue of a single Confederate soldier and a roster of the men who served in the Jackson Guards and the slaves who supported them. The only Confederate monument in Arkansas built entirely with funds raised by private subscription, although it was built on a prominent piece of land donated by the city of Hot Springs.[90]
• Pea Ridge:
  • Confederate Generals Memorial (1887)[101]
  • Reunited Soldiery Monument (1889), one of the first to honor both Confederate and Union soldiers to be placed on a battlefield.[102]
  • Texas Memorial, Pea Ridge City Park (1964).[103]
• Pine Bluff:
  • David O. Dodd Memorial
  • Pine Bluff Confederate Monument (1910)
• Prescott: Confederate War Memorial (1964)
• Smithville: Confederate War Memorial (1996)[104]
• Star City: Star City Confederate Memorial (1926) Erected on the courthouse grounds, moved in 1943 and moved again to its original position, now the town square, in the 1990s. Consists of a statue of a Confederate soldier.[90]
• Van Buren:
  • Confederate Memorial (1906) Originally at Fairview Cemetery.
  • Fairview Cemetery Confederate Memorial; replacement when original was moved to downtown.[105]
• Washington:
  • Confederate Masonic Memorial
  • Washington Confederate Monument (1888), Washington Presbyterian Cemetery. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.[106][107]

• Cleburne County (1883), named for CSA Maj. Gen. Patrick Cleburne.[108]
• Faulkner County (1873), named for CSA Col. Sanford Faulkner.[109]
• City of Forrest City (1870), named for CSA Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest.[110]
• Lee County (1873), named for CSA Gen. Robert E. Lee.[111]

• Russellville: Confederate Mothers Memorial Park (1921). Land for the public park was donated by UDC and includes three stone monuments, each one placed by a different Confederate veterans or memorial organization, honoring the mothers of the Confederacy.[112]

• El Dorado: Robert E. Lee Street
• Forrest City: Confederate Drive
• Heber Springs: Jefferson Davis Road
• Hughes: Jeff Davis Street
• Jacksonville: Jeff Davis Avenue
• Lake Village: Confederate Street
• Little Rock:
  • Beauregard Drive
  • Claiborne Drive
  • Longstreet Drive
  • Pickett Drive
• Malvern: Robert E. Lee Street
• Wilson: Jeb Stuart Drive

Flag of Arkansas since 1913

• Flag of Arkansas The blue star above "ARKANSAS" represents the Confederate States of America and is placed above the three other stars for the countries (Spain, France and the US) to which the State belonged before statehood. The diamond represents the nations only diamond mine with bordering 25 stars symbolizing 25th state to join.[113] The design of the border around the white diamond evokes the saltire found on the Confederate battle flag.[114]

• San Diego: Confederate Soldiers Memorial (1948), at city-owned Mount Hope Cemetery[115]

• Los Angeles: Johnston Street in Lincoln Heights, named for CSA Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston.[81]
• There are at least four remaining markers of the Jefferson Davis Highway in the state of California including the following:[81][116]
  • Bakersfield in Pioneer Village (1942, rededicated 1968)
  • Hornbrook (1944)
  • Winterhaven at Fort Yuma

• Anaheim: Savanna High School (1961) mascot has always been Johnny Rebel and a fiberglass statue of a Confederate soldier stood in the courtyard from 1964 until 2009[117] when it was removed due to deterioration. The school colors are red and grey and the school fields the Savanna Mighty Marching Rebel Band and Color Guard.

• Alabama Hills, named for CSS Alabama[118]
• Jeff Davis Peak Elevation: 9065 ft / 2763 m 36.637°N 119.897°W / 36.637; -119.897 in the Mokelumne Wilderness[119] mapped by the USGS in 1889; "however, it may have long been used locally, as many of the inhabitants of nearby Summit City (now abandoned [in the late 1860s]) were Confederate sympathizers during the civil war. Jefferson Davis (1809–89) was president of the Confederacy, 1861–65."[120]
• Pickett Peak: named for Confederate General George Pickett. Elevation: 9118 ft / 2779 m 38.756°N 119.903°W / 38.756; -119.903 in National Forest, near the Mokelumne Wilderness[121]
• Fortuna: Pickett Peak Campground operated by the National Forest Service[122]
• The Robert E. Lee giant sequoia in Kings Canyon National Park run by the National Park Service.

Stonewall Jackson Mine, San Diego County, circa 1872

• San Diego County: Stonewall Jackson Mine (1870-1893), the richest gold mine in southern California history[123]

• Keenesburg: Weld Central Senior High School and Weld Central Middle School share the Weld Central Rebel, a Civil-war-era-soldier which used to appear with depictions of Confederate flags. School teams are named Rebels.[124]

• Confederate monument Riverside Cemetery, Denver (1973)[125]

• Leadville: Robert E. Lee Mine (1878)[126][127]

• Confederate monument of Leon County, on the grounds of the former Florida State Capitol, the "Old Capitol," now a museum.[137] Erected 1882 by "our country women", moved to current location 1923.[138]

Flag of Florida since 1900

• The current flag of Florida, adopted by popular referendum in 1900, with minor changes in 1985, contains the St. Andrew's Cross. It is believed that the Cross was added in memory of, and showing support for, the Confederacy.[139][140][141] Others instead say there is no link with the Confederacy, but that the saltire recalls the Cross of Burgundy, the emblem of New Spain.[142][143][144] The addition of the Cross was proposed by Governor Francis P. Fleming, a former Confederate soldier, who was strongly committed to racial segregation.

• In Florida, Robert E. Lee's birthday (January 19), Confederate Memorial Day (April 26), and Jefferson Davis's birthday (June 3) are legal holidays.[145]

Unveiling of Confederate Monument, Ocala, 1908

• Bartow: 7th Florida Infantry Regiment Monument, Old Polk County Courthouse (1982)[146]
• Brooksville: Confederate Soldiers' Memorial, Hernando County Courthouse (1916)[147][30]
• Defuniak Springs: Florida's First Confederate Monument, Walton County Courthouse (1871, historic marker nearby)
• Marianna:
  • Battle of Marianna Monument, Jackson County Courthouse lawn (1924)[148][30]^:36
  • Confederate monument, Jackson County Courthouse lawn (1881)
• Monticello: Confederate monument, Jefferson County Courthouse (1899)[148][149][30]^:36
• Ocala: Confederate monument, erected on the grounds of the Marion County Courthouse (1908, moved to Veterans Memorial Park and rededicated 2011).[150][30]^:37 The Confederate flag that flew in front of the Marion County Courthouse was to be moved to "elsewhere on the campus".[151]

• Daytona Beach:
  • Confederate Sun Dial Monument (1961)[30] Originally a marble base and column topped with a sundial (by the early 1980s all that remained was its base and its bronze plaque). Dedicated to the Confederate dead. Erected by United Daughters of the Confederacy in 1961. Plaque was removed by the City of Daytona Beach in 2017 after violent clashes in Charlottesville, Virginia over their Robert E. Lee monument. Was to be given to Halifax Historical Museum.[152]
  • Two other bronze plaques were erected in Riverfront Park by the Sons of Confederate Veterans in 1979 and 1985, which listed the names of Confederate veterans buried in East Volusia County. They were mounted on a long granite wall with other plaques commemorating various US wars. They were also removed by the city in 2017 to also be given to the Halifax Historical Museum.[152]
  • Confederate Boulder Monument (1979)[30]^:33
• Dixie County: American Veteran Monument, Highway 98 west of Old Town, dedicated to Confederate veterans (ca. 2005)[153]
• Jefferson County, Florida: Monument to Stonewall Jackson
• Ellenton:
  • Confederate Veterans Memorial Monument, Gamble Plantation Historic State Park (1937)[30][154]
  • Judah P. Benjamin Confederate Memorial at Gamble Plantation Historic State Park, established 1925, pursuant to agreement between UDC and State of Florida.[155] Benjamin was Attorney General, then Secretary of War, then Secretary of State of the Confederacy. Also serves as home to Florida Division of UDC.[156]
• Fernandina Beach: Statue of David Levy Yulee.[157]

Yellow Bluff Fort Monument

• Jacksonville:
  • Confederate Park. It opened in 1907 as Dignan Park, named for a former chairman of the city's Board of Public Works. In 1914, the park was chosen as the location of the annual reunion of the United Confederate Veterans. The UCV chose the park as the location for a new monument to honor the Women of the Southland, and five months after the reunion the city renamed the park "Confederate Park."
  • Florida's Tribute to the Women of the Confederacy, in Confederate Park (1915). The sculptor was Allen George Newman.[158]
  • Confederate monument, downtown Hemming Park (1898)[159][30]^:34 "The president of Jacksonville City Council, Anna Lopez Brosche, called for all Confederate monuments to be moved from city property to a museum. The most prominent Confederate memorial in Jacksonville is a statue of a Confederate soldier that sits atop a towering pillar in Hemming Park."[160]
  • Yellow Bluff Fort Monument, Yellow Bluff Fort Historic State Park (1951)[161]
• Key West:
  • Confederate memorial fence at Clinton Square, built by J.V. Harris circa 1866.[162]
  • Confederate memorial pavilion at Bayview Park (1924) by UDC.[163]
  • Mallory Square named after Stephen R. Mallory [164]
• Lake City: Confederate Dead of Battle of Olustee, town square in front of the Columbia County Courthouse (1928)[165]

United Daughters of the Confederacy members seated around a Confederate monument in Lakeland, 1915

• Leon County: A plaque commemorating Robert E. Lee and the Dixie Highway on Thomasville Road (U.S. Highway 319), one mile from the Georgia state line. Erected 1926 by the Anna Jackson Chapter of Daughters of the Confederacy.[148]
• Madison: Confederate monument, Four Freedoms Park (1909). Lists names of men who died from county. Nearby sits a monument to former slaves in the county.[148][30]^:35
• Miami: Confederate monument, Confederate Circle in City Cemetery (1914 at the Dade County Courthouse, was moved to cemetery in 1927)[166][30]^:36

Olustee Battlefield Historic State Park

• Olustee:
  • Battlefield monument, Olustee Battlefield Historic State Park (1912). Inscription: Here was fought on February 20, 1864 the Battle of Ocean Pond under the immediate command of General Alfred Holt Colquitt, "Hero of Olustee." This decisive engagement prevented a Sherman-like invasion of Georgia from the south. Erected April 20, 1936, by the Alfred Holt Colquitt Chapter, United Daughters of the Confederacy Ga. Div.
  • CSA Brigadier General Joseph Finnegan Monument, Olustee Battlefield Historic State Park (1912). "Placed by The United Daughters of the Confederacy Florida Division In Memory of Brig. Gen. Joseph Finegan Commander of the District of Middle and East Florida So well did he perform his part that a signal victory over the Federals was won in the Battle of Olustee Feb. 20, 1864"
• Pensacola:
  • Florida Square was renamed Lee Square in 1889.[167]
  • A 50-foot monument to Our Confederate Dead, erected in 1891, is in Lee Square.[168] It commemorates Jefferson Davis, Pensacolian Confederate veterans Stephen R. Mallory (Secretary of the Confederate Navy) and Edward Aylesworth Perry (Confederate General and Governor of Florida 1885-1889), and "the Uncrowned Heroes of the Southern Confederacy." The mayor of Pensacola has called for its removal.[167]
• Perry: Confederate monument, Taylor County Sports Complex (2007)[169][170]
• Quincy: Confederate memorial, Soldiers Cemetery within Eastern Cemetery, part of the town's National Register Historic District (2010). The memorial also notes the restoration of the historic fence.[171][172]
• St. Augustine:
  • Confederate monument, on the Plaza de la Constitución (1879).[173] "The Confederate Memorial Contextualization Advisory Committee, a seven-member task force comprised mostly of historians", in 2018 recommended to the City Commission that the monument be kept, with the addition of "some necessary context".[174]
• St. Cloud: Confederate monument, Veterans Park (2006)[175]
• St. Petersburg: Confederate monument, Greenwood Cemetery (1900)[176]
• Tampa: There is a stained-glass window donated by the United Daughters of the Confederacy in 1906 in honor of Father Abram Ryan, called "Poet of the Confederacy", in the Sacred Heart Catholic Church.
• Trenton: Confederate monument, across from Gilchrist County Courthouse in Veterans' Park (2010)[177]
• Woodville: In Loving Memory Monument, Natural Bridge Battlefield Historic State Park (1922)[30]^:37 A plaque placed at the base of the monument in 2000 lists the names of those who died as a result of the battle.[178]

• Alachua: Confederate monument, Newnansville Cemetery (2002) by the Alachua Lions Club[179]
• Bradfordville, unincorporated community in Leon County: Robert E. Lee Monument, dedicated along Highway 319 in 1927 by UDC. Moved in the 1960s and 1990s, it is now located about a mile south of the Georgia border.[180][181]
• Dade City: Confederate memorial, Townsend House Cemetery (2010)[182]
• Deland: Confederate Veteran Memorial, Oakdale Cemetery (1958)[183]
• Kissimmee: Granite obelisk in Rose Hill Cemetery, dedicated to Confederate veterans buried in Osceola County with their names listed on the monument. Erected 2002 by Sons of Confederate Veterans.[152]
• Lake City:
  • Last Confederate War Widow, Oaklawn Cemetery, erected after her death in 1985. The memorial and the cemetery are along the Florida Civil War Heritage Trail.[184][185]^:28
  • Our Confederate Dead, Oaklawn Cemetery (1901, rededicated 1996). A tall obelisk in memory of the unnamed soldiers who died at the nearby Battle of Olustee or in the town's Confederate hospital. The cemetery is the focal point of the opening of Lake City's annual Olustee Battle Festival.[186][187]
• Leesburg: Memorial fountain made of rustic limestone, in Lone Oak Cemetery. Erected 1935 by United Daughters of the Confederacy but dedicated to soldiers of all wars. An adjacent 20-foot flagpole and inscribed granite block dedicated to Civil War veterans buried there was erected by the United Daughters of the Confederacy in 2005.[152]
• Ormond Beach: 2011; Pilgrim's Rest Cemetery. Monument consists of a flagpole and a concrete base with an attached bronze Southern Cross of Honor and a granite slab listing the names of Confederate veterans buried there. Erected by Confederate Sons Association of Florida.[152]
• Oxford: Upright granite slab monument in Pine Level Cemetery, listing the names of Confederate veterans buried in the cemetery. Erected 2007 by Sons of Confederate Veterans.[152]
• White Springs: Confederate monument and large flag, along Interstate 75 (2002)[188]

• Baker County (1861), named for James McNair Baker, a lawyer and judge who was a Confederate States of America Senator from Florida.[189]
• Bradford County (1861), named for Captain Richard Bradford, who was killed in the Battle of Santa Rosa Island, becoming the first Confederate officer from Florida to die during the Civil War.[189]
• Hendry County (1923), named for Francis Asbury Hendry, a Confederate Captain and one of the first settlers in the area.[189]
• Lee County (1887), named for Robert E. Lee.[190]
• Levy County (1845), named for David Levy Yulee, a Florida businessman, senator, and strong supporter of slavery, who withdrew from the U.S. Senate in 1861 and served nine months in prison after the Civil War for supporting the Confederacy.
• Pasco County (1887), named for Samuel Pasco, who fought for the CSA but spent much of the war as a prisoner of war. Pasco later became a state representative and US Senator from Florida.

• Bartow (1862), renamed for CSA Col. Francis Bartow.[191]
• Brooksville, previously Pierceville, took on its present name in 1856, to honor and show support for Preston Brooks, a pro-slavery congressman from South Carolina who caned and seriously injured Massachusetts Senator and abolitionist Charles Sumner.
• Fort Myers, named for Abraham Myers, Quartermaster General of the Confederate Army.[136]
• Lee: named for Robert E. Lee.
• Mayo, named for CSA Col. James Mayo.[192]
• Perry (1875), named for Florida Governor and CSA Col. Madison Starke Perry.[148]
• Starke. The origin of the name is unknown. A prominent theory is that it was named in honor of Madison Starke Perry, fourth governor of Florida and a Confederate States Army colonel. The Division of Historical Resources of the Florida Department of State adds that the city may have been named for "Thomas Starke, a slaveholder who once owned much land around the area."[193]
• Titusville (1873), renamed by CSA Col. Henry T. Titus, who also supplied Confederate troops.[193]
• Yulee (1893), named for David Levy Yulee, a supporter of slavery and secession. See Levy County, above.

• Ellenton: Judah P. Benjamin Confederate Memorial at Gamble Plantation Historic State Park (1925)[194]
• Fort Walton Beach: Heritage Park preserves the Confederate Camp Walton named for the county it was located in.[195]
• Jacksonville:
  • Confederate Park, opened in 1907. Originally named Dignan Park, the park was renamed when UCV chose the locale as the site for their annual reunions in 1914.[196]
  • Hemming Park/Hemming Plaza (1899) renamed in honor of Civil War veteran Charles C. Hemming, after he installed a 62-foot (19 m)-tall Confederate monument in the park in 1898.[197][198]
  • Hemming Park station an elevated rail station taking its name from the park.
• Miami: Robert E. Lee Park, the athletic field of Jose de Diego Middle School which replaced Robert E. Lee Middle School (1924–1989) in the Wynwood neighborhood in 1999.[199] A school district spokesman has said the name is not official and requested agencies with incorrect listings update them.[200]
• Pensacola: Lee Square (1889)[81]

• Gainesville:
  • J.J. Finley Elementary School (1939), named for CSA Brig. Gen. Jesse J. Finley.[204]
  • Kirby-Smith Center (1939), Alachua County Public Schools administrative offices. Constructed in 1900, the building was initially the all white Gainesville Graded & High School.[205] In August 2017, the school board announced plans to rename the center.[206]
  • Sidney Lanier School. Lanier was a Confederate soldier and poet.
• Hillsborough County: Robert E. Lee Elementary School aka Lee Elementary Magnet School of World Studies and Technology was built 1906 and named for Lee in 1943. A school board member pushing for a rename in 2017 noted that had Lee's army won the war "a majority of our students would be slaves."[207]
• Jacksonville[208]
  • J.E.B. Stuart Middle School (1966), named for CSA Gen. J. E. B. Stuart.
  • Jefferson Davis Middle School (1961)
  • Kirby-Smith Middle School (1924), named for CSA Gen. Edmund Kirby Smith.
  • Robert E. Lee High School (1928)
  • Stonewall Jackson Elementary School
• Orlando: Robert E. Lee Middle School, renamed College Park Middle School in 2017.[209]
• Pensacola: Escambia High School's Rebel mascot riots, 1972–1977. Before a noncontroversial name was chosen, protests and violence occurred at the school and in the community, crosses were burned on school district members' lawns, lawsuits were filed, and the Ku Klux Klan held a rally and petitioned the school board.
• Tampa: Lee Elementary School of Technology / World Studies (1906). The school's mascot is Robert E. Lee's horse Traveller. In July 2015, students asked the school board to change the school's name.[210] In June 2017, a board member asked the board to consider the name change.[211]

• Panama City: city flag is quite similar to the Florida state flag with a white background and the St Andrews cross echoing the Confederate Battle Flag, but with the city seal replacing the state seal.

• On April 2, 2019, Ocala mayor Kent Guinn signed a declaration declaring that April 26, 2019 would be Confederate Memorial Day. He said he has done so in previous years.[212]

• In 2016, the Commission of Marion County (county seat Ocala) declared April as Confederate History Month.[151]

• Atlanta: unincorporated, and its Atlanta Airport. The area was named by Southerners after reports of a Confederate victory over Gen. Sherman in the Battle of Atlanta, which turned to be wholly false, but the name stuck.
• Confederate Gulch: unincorporated former mining community.[216][215]
• Grayback Gulch: unincorporated former mining community, settled by Confederate soldiers and named for the color of their uniforms. Now a U.S. Forest Service campground.[217]
• Leesburg: an unincorporated former goldmining town settled by southerners and named for Robert E. Lee.[218]

• Located within Boise National Forest in Elmore County are:
  • Robert E. Lee Campground,[219] now dispersed [220]
  • Robert E Lee Creek[221]
• Chattanooga Hot Springs, near Atlanta, ID [222]
• Secesh (Successionist) Summit and Secesh River[223]

• Alton: UDC monument (1909), North Alton Confederate Cemetery. Dedicated to Confederate soldiers who died at Alton Military Prison[224] As of October, 2018, it is one of 7 cemeteries with Confederate monuments that the Veterans Administration has under 24-hour guard.[225]
• Rock Island: UDC obelisk (2003), Rock Island Confederate Cemetery. Dedicated to Confederate soldiers who died at Rock Island Military Prison[226]
• Springfield: UDC/SCV monument (2005), Camp Butler National Cemetery. Dedicated to Confederate soldiers who died at Camp Butler.[227]

• Chicago: Confederate Mound (1895), Oak Woods Cemetery. Mass grave and monument dedicated to Confederate soldiers who died at Camp Douglas.[228] As of October, 2018, the Veterans Administration has it under dawn to dusk guard.[225] It is No. 7 on the Make It Right Project's 2018 list of the 10 Confederate monuments it most wants removed.[229]

• Augusta: Confederate Monument, Payne Cemetery, 1903.
• Bardstown: Confederate Monument, Bardstown/St. Joseph's Cemetery, 1903.
• Bowling Green:
  • Confederate Monument of Bowling Green, Fairview Cemetery, 1876.
  • William F. Perry Monument, Fairview Cemetery, 1901.
• Brandenburg: Confederate monument (2016) removed from Louisville[241] Armed protesters surrounded the monument to prevent its removal in June 2020.[242]
• Cadiz: Confederate Monument, Trigg County Courthouse, 1913.[243]
• Covington: Veteran's Monument, Linden Grove Cemetery, 1933. It was dedicated by the American Legion and honors both Confederate and Union veterans.
• Crab Orchard: Confederate Monument, Crab Orchard Cemetery, 1872.
• Cynthiana: Confederate Monument, Battle Grove Cemetery, 1869.
• Danville: Confederate Monument, McDowell Park, 1910.[244]
• Eminence: Confederate Soldiers Martyrs Monument, Eminence Cemetery, 1870.
• Fairview: Confederate monument at the Jefferson Davis Monument State Historic Site, a state park commemorating Davis's birthplace, completed in 1924. It contains a "35-story obelisk."[245]
• Frankfort: Confederate Monument, Frankfort Cemetery, 1892.
• Fulton: Confederate Monument, Fairview Cemetery, 1902.

Confederate Monument, Georgetown

• Georgetown: Confederate Monument, Georgetown Cemetery, 1888.[246]
• Graves County: Camp Beauregard Memorial (1909), Camp Beauregard Cemetery. UDC memorial to Confederate soldiers who died at Camp Beauregard "for the Confederate State of America and were denied the glory of heroic service in a battle".[247]
• Glasgow: Confederate Monument, Barren County Courthouse, 1905.

Confederate Monument, Spring Hill Cemetery, Harrodsburg

• Harrodsburg: Confederate Monument, Spring Hill Cemetery, 1902.
• Hickman: Confederate Memorial Gateway, Hickman City Cemetery, 1913.
• Hopkinsville:
  • Confederate Memorial Fountain, Christian County Courthouse, 1911.
  • Latham Confederate Monument, Riverside Cemetery, 1887.
• Horse Cave: Unknown Confederate Soldier Monument, Old Dixie Highway, 1934.
• Jeffersontown: Confederate Martyrs Monument, Jeffersontown City Cemetery, 1904.
• Lawrenceburg: Confederate Monument, Anderson County Courthouse, 1894.
• Lexington:
  • Ladies' Confederate Memorial, Lexington Cemetery, 1874.
  • Confederate Soldier Monument in Lexington, Lexington Cemetery, 1893.
  • John C. Breckinridge Memorial moved from Courthouse to Lexington Cemetery Oct 2017.[248]
  • John Hunt Morgan Memorial moved from Courthouse to Lexington Cemetery October 2017.[248]

John B. Castleman Monument, Louisville

• Louisville:
  • Confederate Monument, dedicated in 1895 and was placed next to the University of Louisville on city property. It was removed and re-located to a riverfront park in Brandenburg, Kentucky in December 2016.[249]
• Madisonville: Confederate Monument, Hopkins County Courthouse, 1909.[250]
• Mayfield:
  • Confederate Monument, Graves County Courthouse, 1920.
  • Confederate Monument, Maplewood Cemetery, 1924.
• Maysville: plaque commemorating Albert Sidney Johnston.[251]
• Midway: Martyrs Monument, Midway City Cemetery, 1890.
• Morganfield: Confederate Monument, City Cemetery/Odd Fellows Cemetery, 1870.
• Morgantown: Confederate-Union Veterans' Monument, Butler County Courthouse, 1907.
• Mt. Sterling: Confederate Monument, Machpelan Cemetery, 1880.
• Munfordville: Colonel Robert A. Smith Monument, near the Green River, 1885.
• Murray: Confederate Monument, Calloway County Courthouse, 1917.
• Nancy: General Felix K. Zollicoffer Monument, Zollicoffer Park, Mill Springs Battlefield, 1910.
• Nancy: Confederate Mass Grave Monument, Zollicoffer Park, Mill Springs Battlefield, 1910.
• Nicholasville: Confederate Memorial, Jessamine County Courthouse, 1896.[252]
• Owensboro: Confederate Monument, Daviess County Courthouse, 1900.
• Owingsville: Confederate Monument, Owingsville Cemetery, 1907.

Lloyd Tilghman Statue, Paducah

• Paducah:
  • Confederate Monument, Oak Grove Cemetery, 1907.[253]
  • First Confederate Volunteer From Paducah, marker embedded in city sidewalk.[253]
  • General Lloyd Tilghman Statue, Lang Park, 1909.[253]
• Paris: Bourbon County Confederate Monument, Paris Cemetery, 1887.
• Perryville:
  • Confederate Monument, Perryville Battlefield State Historic Site, 1902. Commissioned by the state of Kentucky.[254]
  • Unknown Confederate Dead Monument, Goodknight Cemetery, 1928.[254]
• Pewee Valley: Pewee Valley Confederate Monument, Pewee Valley Confederate Cemetery, 1904.
• Princeton: Confederate Soldier Monument, Caldwell County Courthouse, 1912.[255]
• Russellville: Confederate Monument, Town Square, 1910.
• Shepherdsville: John Hunt Morgan's Raid Historical Markers[256][lower-alpha 4]
• Somerset:
  • Battle of Dutton's Hill Monument (1875) on private property, Old Crab Orchard Road.[258] Kentucky Historical Marker at roadside.[lower-alpha 5]
• Springfield: John Hunt Morgan's Raids Historical Marker[259][lower-alpha 6]
• St. Joseph: Thompson and Powell Martyrs Monument, St. Alphonsus Catholic Church Cemetery, 1880.[260]
• Versailles: Confederate Monument, Versailles Cemetery, 1877.
• Winchester: John Hunt Morgan Historical Marker[261][lower-alpha 7]

• Cynthiana: The John Hunt Morgan Bridge, on South Main St./U.S. 27, is named for a Confederate general.

• Breckinridge Center: a census-designated place in Union County, Kentucky. Named because of nearby Camp Breckinridge, which was named for John C. Breckinridge, U.S. Vice President and Confederate general.
• Lee County (1870)
• Confederate, Kentucky
• Vanceburg, named for Confederate Colonel and North Carolina governor Zebulon Baird Vance. His wife was from Kentucky.

• Fairview: Jefferson Davis State Historic Site (1957) the site includes Davis's birthplace, a memorial to Davis that includes a 341 ft obelisk (the second tallest obelisk in the world after the Washington Monument), Confederate flags and other signs and plaques.[262]
• Lexington: A historical marker identifying the approximate site of the birth of Confederate Brigadier General David Rice Atchison is located along Highway 1974 in the Landsdowne neighborhood of Lexington, Kentucky.[263]

• Jefferson Davis Memorial Highway: Marker located in the Fountain Avenue median in Paducah, 1935. The marker is along an auxiliary route that follows U.S. Route 68 from Bowling Green, Kentucky to Paducah, Kentucky.[253]

• Bedford: Trimble County High School named their mascot the Raiders, in honor of John Hunt Morgan's men.
• Eastern: Allen Central High School: Allen Central athletic teams are nicknamed the "Rebels." The school features various Confederate iconography[264]
• Munfordville: Hart County High School named their mascot the Raiders, in honor of John Hunt Morgan's men. Also, a large mural in the town depicts Morgan.
• Richmond: Eastern Kentucky University. EKU athletic teams are nicknamed the "Colonels," a Confederate figure.[265]

• Gov. Francis T. Nicholls Statue (1934). Nicholls was a Brigadier General in the Confederate Army.
• Gov. Henry Watkins Allen Statue (1934). Allen was a Brigadier General in the Confederate Army. He is buried on the Old Louisiana State Capitol grounds.
• "Silent Sentinel" Monument, officially the Confederate Soldiers of East and West Baton Rouge Parishes Memorial. Plinth erected 1886 and statue in 1890. Dedicated by Gov. John McEnery. Original granite and marble plinth cracked; replaced in the 1960s with a small brick plinth that was aesthetically unappealing. Formerly at North Boulevard and 3rd Street, near City Hall. In 2012, to make room for Town Square construction, it was moved to the nearby Old Louisiana State Capitol, now a museum.[266] Plaque reads: "Erected by the men and women of East and West Baton Rouge to perpetuate the heroism and patriotic devotion of the noble soldiers from the two parishes who wore the gray and crossed the river with their immortal leaders to rest under the shade of the trees. Original monument erected 1886 A.D."

Confederate Memorial Hall in New Orleans

• Baton Rouge: Edmund Kirby Smith Hall at Building Louisiana State University (1965/ 2011). In 2017 "slated for demolition".[266]
• Thibodaux: P.G.T. Beauregard Hall at Nicholls State University (1961/ 2010). The school is named for Confederate General and later Governor Francis T. Nicholls.
• New Orleans:
  • Gibson Hall at Tulane University (1894), named for Randall L. Gibson
  • Confederate Memorial Hall Museum (1891), the oldest museum in Louisiana[267]
  • Adolph Meyer School (1917), New Orleans, named for Confederate general Adolph Meyer who served nine terms in the U.S. House of Representatives and advocated for the construction of the Algiers Naval Station across the street from where the school was later built. The school was renamed in the 1990s for Harriet Tubman.

• Alexandria: Rapides Parish Confederate Monument (1914)
• Benton: Confederate Soldier Monument (1910)
• East Feliciana Parish – Confederate Soldiers Monument in Front of the East Feliciana Courthouse Clinton Louisiana[268]
• Franklin: Confederate Monument (1913)
• Lake Charles: South's Defenders Monument (1915); knocked from its pedestal by Hurricane Laura[269]
• Opelousas: Confederate Monument (1920)
• Port Allen: Henry Watkins Allen Statue (1962)
• Shreveport: Confederate Monument, on grounds of the Caddo Parish courthouse, dedicated in 1906 by UDC, NRHP-listed.[270] The Caddo Parish Commission voted to remove it; a legal challenge by the UDC is still pending.[271]
• St. Francisville: Confederate Monument (1903). Has Confederate flag above the inscription: "In memory of West Feliciana's Confederate dead, wherever at rest. Co. C 1st Regt. La. Cavalry".
• Tallulah: Confederate Monument (1912)
• Winnfield: Confederate Monument (1926)

Greenwood Cemetery, New Orleans

Army of Tennessee Tomb, Metairie Cemetery, New Orleans

Monument at Camp Moore, Tangipahoa Parish

Charles Didier Dreux statue in New Orleans

• Baton Rouge:
  • Breckinridge's March Monument (1931)
  • Confederate Monument (1886)
  • Jefferson Davis Highway Monument
• Belle Chasse: Judah P. Benjamin Monument (1968)
• Clinton: Confederate Monument (1909)
• DeSoto Parish: monuments commemorating the Battle of Pleasant Hill include:
  • Lieutenant Gen. Richard Taylor memorial (1994) outside Pleasant Hill American Legion Hall[272]
  • Red River Campaign memorial (1994)[273]
  • UDC Confederate memorial[274]
• Donaldsonville: Fort Butler Memorial (1999)
• Gretna: Jefferson Davis Highway Marker
• Homer: Confederate Monument (1940)
• Johnson Bayou: Robert E. L Statue (1984)
• Lafayette: Brig. Gen. J.J. Alfred A. Mouton Statue (1922). There has been considerable local discussion about what to do with the monument.[275][276]
• Marthaville: Unknown Confederate Soldier Monument (1970)
• Minden: Confederate Monument (1933)
• New Orleans:
  • Confederate Monument (1874), Greenwood Cemetery[277]
  • Army of Tennessee Tomb (1886) at Metairie Cemetery, consisting of a Gothic chapel tomb containing 48 vaults, surmounted by an equestrian statue of Albert Sidney Johnston. A marble statue near the tomb's entrance shows a Confederate sergeant calling the roll. Johnston, P. G. T. Beauregard, and other Confederate soldiers are entombed there.[278]
  • Monument to Confederate Colonel Charles Didier Dreux, first Confederate officer killed in action. At intersection of South Jefferson Davis Parkway and Canal Street, across from former location of Jefferson Davis Monument.[279]
  • Monument to Catholic priest Abram J. Ryan, called poet-priest of the Confederacy. At South Jefferson Davis Parkway and Banks Street. Erected in 1949 by the United Daughters of the Confederacy.[279]
  • Monument to General Albert Pike, at South Jefferson Davis Parkway and Tulane Avenue. Erected 1957. Defaced with "Black Lives Matter" in 2015.[279]
• Plaquemine: Confederate Memorial (1914)
• Shreveport: Fort Humbug Confederate Memorial (1927)
• Tangipahoa Parish: Confederate monument (1907) at Camp Moore, a museum and former Confederate training camp[280]
• Zachary: Port Hudson Confederate Monument (1930)

• Allen Parish. Named after Henry Watkins Allen, Confederate General and Governor of Louisiana during the Confederacy.
• Allendale, a neighborhood in Shreveport, where Henry Watkins Allen lived.
• Beauregard Parish (1913)
• Jefferson Davis Parish (1912)
• Village of Longstreet (unincorporated)
• City of Stonewall (named 1862, incorporated 1972)
• City of Slidell, named for John Slidell, Confederate ambassador to France.

• Marthaville: Rebel State Historic Site (1962)

• De Ridder:
  • Beauregard Alternative School
  • East Beauregard Elementary School (2001)
  • De Ridder: East Beauregard High School (1962)
• Monroe: Robert E. Lee Junior High School
• Longville:
  • South Beauregard Elementary School
  • South Beauregard High School
• Louisiana State University is home of the LSU Tigers (1896) and Lady Tigers teams also known as the Fighting Tigers named for the Louisiana Tigers, several Confederate Civil War regiments.[282][283]
• Saint Bernard: P.G.T. Beauregard Middle School (closed)[284]
• Thibodaux: Nicholls State University (1948), named for CSA Brig. Gen. Francis Redding Tillou Nicholls. The school's mascot, Colonel Tillou, is also named for Nicholls.[285]

• Baton Rouge: The Stars and Bars Confederate flag and the Bonnie Blue Flag are flown behind City Hall, along with the Flag of Louisiana.[266]

Flag of Maryland since 1904

• Flag of Maryland (1904). The state flag of Maryland features the red-and-white Crossland Banner, the unofficial state flag of Maryland used by secessionists and Confederates during the American Civil War.[286][287][288][289] The current state flag started appearing after the Civil War as a form of reconciliation. The flag became official in 1904.
• The state song "Maryland, My Maryland" calls on the state to join the Confederacy.[290] As of 2018, the Maryland General Assembly has eight times taken up the question of the state song, without enacting any change. In 2017, the Mighty Sound of Maryland, the marching band of the University of Maryland at College Park, stopped playing the song.[291]

Talbot Boys, Easton

• Baltimore: Confederate monuments at Loudon Park National Cemetery include:
  • The Confederate Soldier (1874)[292]
  • Fort McHenry Monument (1912), dedicated to Confederate soldiers who died at Fort McHenry, when it was a prisoners-of-war camp.[293]
• Easton: "Talbot Boys" Monument (1914), Talbot County Courthouse.[294] A statue of Frederick Douglass was added in 2011. The county council approved it after months of debate and stipulated it could not exceed the height of the Confederate statue it parallels.[295]
• Scotland (St. Mary's County): Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument (1876), and Point Lookout Confederate Cemetery Monument (1910), located at Point Lookout Confederate Cemetery.[296] As of October, 2018, it is one of 7 cemeteries with Confederate monuments that the Veterans Administration has under 24-hour guard.[225]
• Washington County:
  • Robert E. Lee Statue at Antietam Creek, Antietam National Battlefield (2003)[297] The statue is attempting to be removed by legislation through H.R.970 (2019)[298] and the National Park Service acknowledges the inaccuracies of the statue and educates those in the park accordingly.
  • Samuel Garland, Jr. Monument (1993)[299]

Monument to the Unknown Confederate Soldiers, Frederick, Maryland

• Beallsville: Memorial to Confederate soldiers at Monocacy Cemetery (1911; replaced 1975).[300]
• Frederick: Monument to the Unknown Confederate Soldiers (1881), Mount Olivet Cemetery[301]
• Silver Spring: Confederate Monument, Grace Episcopal Church Cemetery, 1896. Commemorated the death and burial of 17 unknown Confederate Soldiers who died at the Battle of Fort Stevens. The monument, a stone obelisk, could be seen from Georgia Ave.[302][303]
• White's Ferry, Montgomery County: Confederate Monument, a granite pedestal.
  

  The base of the CSA monument moved from Rockville, MD, to White's Ferry, MD.

The original monument, a bronze life-sized Confederate soldier on this pedestal, was originally donated by the UDC and the United Confederate Veterans, and built by the Washington firm of Falvey Granite Company at a cost of US$3,600 (equivalent to $93,127 in 2019). The artist is unknown.[304] The inscription says "To Our Heroes of Montgomery Co. Maryland That We Through Life May Not Forget to Love The Thin Gray Line / Erected A.D. 1913 / 1861 CSA 1865."[305] because Confederate uniforms are gray. The Rockville dedication was on June 3, 1913, Jefferson Davis's birthday,[305] and was attended by 3,000 out of a county population of 30,000.[306] It was originally located in a small triangular park[307] called Courthouse Square. In 1971, urban renewal led to the elimination of the Square, and the monument was moved to the east lawn of the Red Brick Courthouse (no longer in use as such), facing south.[308] In 1994 it was cleaned and waxed by the Maryland Military Monuments Commission.[304] The monument was defaced with "Black Lives Matter" in 2015; a wooden box was built over it to protect it.[309] The monument was removed in July 2017 from its original location outside the Old Rockville Court House to private land[307] at White's Ferry in Dickerson, Maryland.[310][311] The statue was removed from the pedestal in June 2020, but the pedestal urging people to "Love The Thin Gray Line" remains.

• Confederate Hills: A residential community near Antietam National Battlefield where the streets are all named after Confederate generals, including: Longstreet Circle, General Anderson Court, General Branch Court, General Gordon Circle, General Hill Circle, General Lee Drive, General Stonewall Jackson Circle, and General Stuart Court.[312][313]

• Potomac:
  • Jubal Early Court
  • J. E. B. Stuart Road

Gen. Jubal A. Early

The renamed White's Ferry ferryboat

• Montgomery County: A passenger and vehicle ferry, formerly named Gen. Jubal A. Early (1954), connected Montgomery County, Maryland and Loudoun County, Virginia. Owned by White's Ferry, it was named for Confederate General Jubal Early until June 2020 when it was renamed Historic White’s Ferry.[314] White's Ferry was the only ferry still in operation on the Potomac River until it ceased operations in Dec 2020.[315][316]

• 
  Point Lookout Confederate Cemetery Monument (center) and Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument
• 
  Samuel Garland, Jr. Monument
• 
  Confederate Memorial in Silver Spring to 17 unknown soldiers buried at Grace Episcopal Church Cemetery after the Battle of Fort Stevens

• Cambridge
  • Memorial Hall, Harvard University. Stained-glass windows to commemorate various figures, among them:
    • Honor and Peace Window (1900). There is no inscription, but a Harvard University page () explaining the windows says: "This window commemorates those who surrendered their lives in the War of the Rebellion." Portrays two warriors, one with sword high in triumph, one kneeling in defeat, who from the ribbons can be seen to be from different but related countries.
    • Student and Soldier Window (1889). Soldier wears gray uniform.

Statue of David Rice Atchison in front of the Clinton County Courthouse, Plattsburg, Missouri

• Cape Girardeau: Confederate War Memorial (1931)
• Columbia: Confederate Monument (1935). Relocated to the Centralia Battlefield in September, 2015.
• Huntsville: Captain Delaney S. Washburn Memorial (1976).
• Neosho: Confederate Captain of Missouri Monument.
• Palmyra: Palmyra Massacre Monument (1907).
• Plattsburg: Statute of CSA Brig Gen David Rice Atchison who was later a US Senator

UDC monument at Forest Hill and Calvary Cemetery, Kansas City, Missouri

Union Confederate Monument, Kansas City, Missouri

• Brookline: Missouri State Guard Monument (2001)
• Centralia: Boone County Confederate Memorial (1935)
• Dexter: Frenchman's Spring Monument (1996). A natural gathering place for soldiers. In July, 1861, 2,000 soldiers from 15 southeast Missouri counties met to organize as the First Division, Missouri State Guard — the pro-Confederate state militia, known as the Swamp Fox Brigade.
• Higginsville: Confederate Memorial State Historic Site; also called "Lion of Lucerne" (1906)
• Kansas City:
  • UDC monument at Forest Hill and Calvary Cemetery to CSA soldiers killed at the Battle of Westport. Buried nearby is CSA General Joseph O. Shelby.[319]
  • Union Confederate Monument, Union Cemetery (1911)
  • Monument to the "Loyal Women of the Old South".[320] The memorial to Confederate women, a 1934 gift by the United Daughters of the Confederacy, was defaced by graffiti on August 18, 2017 and boxed up two days later in preparation for its removal. The monument was removed on August 25, 2017.[321]
• Keytesville: Sterling Price Monument, Price Park (1915)
• Lone Jack: Cemetery monument to Confederate soldiers who died in the Battle of Lone Jack[322]
• Marshall: Confederate Monument of Saline (1901)
• Neosho: Considered the state capital by Confederates, has two memorials[320]
  • Marker on court house lawn states that Missouri separated from the Union[320]
  • Memorial at Oddfellows Cemetery (1904) near a mass grave[323]
• Roanoke: Shelby's Homecoming Monument (1997)
• Springfield: Two monuments are located at Springfield National Cemetery: the Monument to Confederate Soldiers of Missouri and General Sterling Price[320] (1901), and a UDC granite marker to the unknown Confederate dead at the Battle of Wilson's Creek (1958).[324] In late August, 2017, someone threw paint on it; as of October, 2018, it is one of 7 cemeteries with Confederate monuments that the Veterans Administration has under 24-hour guard.[225]
• St. Louis:
  • Memorial to the Confederate Dead, Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery (1988)[325]
• Waverly: CSA Gen. Joseph O. Shelby Statue (2009).
• West Alton: Confederate Memorial, Lincoln Shields Recreation Area (1909).[326]

• Atchison County, Missouri Named for Brigadier General David Rice Atchison
• Breckenridge: Named for U.S. Vice President and Confederate general John C. Breckinridge, although the name was misspelled.[327]

• Keytesville: Price Park memorializes Major General Sterling Price. (1915)
• Higginsville: Confederate Memorial State Historic Site[328]

• Battlefield: South Robert E. Lee Street
• Hillsboro: Jefferson Davis Drive
• Sappington:
  • General Lee Drive
  • Confederacy Drive

• Southland C-9 School District: Rebelman mascot, school colors red, gray, and white.

• Central Park: J. Marion Sims. In November 2017, the cover of Harper’s Magazine featured J. C. Hallman’s article “Monumental Error,” about the Central Park monument of controversial surgeon – and Confederate spy – J. Marion Sims.[339] The timing coincided with the work New York City Mayor Bill De Blasio’s committee on monuments, and Hallman’s article was distributed to members of New York’s Public Design Commission. The commission voted unanimously to remove Sims’s statue, and it was removed in April 2018.[340] Hallman has since written articles about Sims’s statue in Montgomery, Alabama, and is working on a book, The Anarcha Quest, about Sims and his so-called “first cure,” Anarcha Westcott.[341]

• Brooklyn: A tree at St. John's Episcopal Church bears a plaque, installed by UDC in 1912, reading "This tree was planted by CSA Gen. Robert Edward Lee, while stationed at Fort Hamilton."[342] The plaque was removed in 2017.[343]
• Elmira: UDC monument (1937) at Woodlawn National Cemetery, dedicated to Confederate soldiers who died in Elmira Prison.[344] As of October, 2018, it is one of 7 cemeteries with Confederate monuments that the Veterans Administration has under 24-hour guard.[225]
• Hastings-on-Hudson: Confederate marker at Mount Hope Cemetery[345]
• The Bronx: Busts of Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. Lee are in the Hall of Fame for Great Americans at Bronx Community College. The college plans to remove the statues. The Busts were later removed.[343][346]

• Fort Hamilton, Brooklyn:
  • General Lee Avenue
  • Stonewall Jackson Drive.

Governor Andrew Cuomo has twice requested the Army, unsuccessfully, to have these streets renamed.[346]

• Throggs Neck, The Bronx: Longstreet Avenue, named for CSA Gen. James Longstreet[347]

• In 2013, the state of Ohio erected 32 historical markers marking the John Hunt Morgan Heritage Trail.[348][349]

Confederate Soldier Memorial, Camp Chase, Columbus

The Lookout (1910), Johnson's Island, Ottawa County[350]

• Columbus: Camp Chase Cemetery's Confederate Soldier Memorial. Dedicated in 1902. Statue on top was toppled and decapitated by vandals in August 2017. The vandals took the head.[351][352] The Veterans Administration stated that the statue will be repaired.[353] As of October, 2018, it is one of 7 cemeteries with Confederate monuments that the Veterans Administration has under 24-hour guard.[225] The statue was repaired by McKay Lodge Art Conservation Laboratory in Oberlin and reinstalled on March 30, 2019.[354]
• Pomeroy: Statue of Confederate general John Hunt Morgan
• Sandusky Bay: Four UDC monuments are located at Confederate Stockade Cemetery on Johnson's Island, the first facility built by the Union Army solely for imprisoning Confederate soldiers[350] As of October, 2018, it is one of 7 cemeteries with Confederate monuments that the Veterans Administration has under 24-hour guard.[225]
• West Point: Marker for Battle of Salineville, the northernmost point Confederate forces reached.

• Milford:
  • Beauregard Court, memorializing CSA Gen. P. G. T. Beauregard
  • Jeb Stuart Drive, memorializing CSA Gen. J. E. B. Stuart.
  • Stonewall Jackson Drive, memorializing CSA Gen. Stonewall Jackson.
  • Colonel Mosby Drive, memorializing CSA Col. John S. Mosby.
  • Monassas Run Road, memorializing the CSA victory at the battle at Manassas, known to the North as Bull Run.

• Cleveland: John Adams High School uses the Rebels team name, but the mascot more closely resembles a cavalier than a Confederate soldier.[355]
• Mcconnelsville: Morgan High School is named for Confederate General John Hunt Morgan. Their nickname is the "Raiders".
• Willoughby: Willoughby South High School dropped its Confederate uniformed mascot and removed all remaining Confederate imagery from the school while retaining the Rebels team name and school colors grey and blue. In 1993 the school dropped Stars and Bars as the school song and removed Confederate imagery from school uniforms.[355]

• Ardmore: Oklahoma Confederate Home, operated as OK Confederate Home from 1911 to 1942. Renamed Oklahoma Veterans Center after last residing confederate veteran passed.[356][357]

Stand Watie Monument, Polson Cemetery, Delaware County

Confederate Monument at Cherokee National Capitol

• Ardmore:
  • Confederate Monument (1910) at Oklahoma Veterans Center (formerly Oklahoma Confederate Home) has pair (CSA and Union) monuments.[357]^:14
  • Confederate Monument (2013) at Rose Hill Cemetery[358]
• Atoka: Two monuments are located at the Confederate Cemetery for soldiers killed in the Battle of Middle Boggy[357][359]
• Delaware County: Two monuments to CSA General Stand Watie at Polson Cemetery; the first erected c. 1910–20, and the second erected in 1971[357]
• Durant:
  • Confederate Soldier Statue at Bryan County Courthouse, erected in 1917 by UDC. Dedicated in 1918.[360][361]
  • Confederate Monument at Highland Cemetery[357]
• Hugo: Rose Hill
• Mayes County: Confederate Monument at site of Second Battle of Cabin Creek (1961)[357]
• Oklahoma City: Confederate Monument in Fairlawn Cemetery (1923)[357]
• Oktaha: Memorial in Oktaha Cemetery to Confederate soldiers who died in the Battle of Honey Springs (1940)[357]
• Rentiesville:
  • Confederate Soldiers Monument (1983) in Honey Springs Battlefield by UDC and Children of the Confederacy.[81][357]
  • Texas Confederates Memorial in Honey Springs Battlefield by UDC[357]
• Tahlequah:
  • Confederate Monument at Cherokee National Capitol (1913).[357] Removed in 2020.[362]
  • Stand Watie Monument (1971).[357] Removed in 2020.[362]
• Wynnewood: Confederate Soldier monument (2004)[363]

Robert E. Lee School in Durant, Oklahoma

• Durant: Robert E. Lee Elementary School[364]
• Oklahoma City: school board studying renaming in 2017
  • Robert E. Lee Elementary School (1910)[365]
  • Jackson Elementary School (1910)[365]
  • Wheeler Elementary School (1910)[365]
  • Stand Watie Elementary School (1930)[365]
• Pauls Valley: Lee Elementary School[81]

• Jackson County (1907) sources dispute if the name is for the CSA General or President Jackson
• Roger Mills County (1907), named for Roger Q. Mills, Confederate colonel and later Congressman and U.S. Senator.
• Town of Stonewall (1874) for Stonewall Jackson

• Jay: Stand Watie Road

Virginia State Monument (1917), Gettysburg Battlefield.

Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument (1911), Philadelphia National Cemetery.

• Gettysburg: Gettysburg Battlefield. In addition to the monuments listed below, the battlefield features monuments to specific Confederate units.[366]
  • Alabama State Monument (1933), Joseph Urner, sculptor.
  • Arkansas State Monument (1966)
  • "Armistead's Last Stand" Marker, for Brig. Gen. Lewis A. Armistead (1887)
  • Army of Northern Virginia Marker (1908)
  • Culp Brothers Memorial (2013), Gary Casteel, sculptor, near entrance Gettysburg Heritage Center. Honors brothers who fought on opposite sides: Confederate Private Wesley Culp and Union Lieutenant William Culp ("Brother against Brother").[367]
  • Lt. Gen. Richard S. Ewell's Headquarters Marker (1920)
  • Florida State Monument (1963)
  • Georgia State Monument (1961)
  • High Water Mark of the Rebellion Monument (1892)
  • Lt. Gen. Ambrose P. Hill's Headquarters Marker (1920)
  • Gen. Robert E. Lee Equestrian Statue (1917), atop the Virginia State Monument
  • Gen. Robert E. Lee Headquarters Marker (1920)
  • Lt. Gen. James Longstreet Equestrian Statue (1998)
  • Lt. Gen. James Longstreet Headquarters Marker (1907)
  • Louisiana State Monument (1971), Donald De Lue, sculptor
  • Maryland State Monument (1994). Honors Maryland soldiers on both the Union and Confederate sides.
  • Mississippi State Monument (1973), Donald De Lue, sculptor
  • North Carolina State Monument (1929), Gutzon Borglum, sculptor. Borglum was also the first sculptor on the Stone Mountain#Confederate Memorial project.
  • North Carolina Memorial Tablet
  • Soldiers and Sailors of the Confederacy Monument (1965), Donald De Lue, sculptor
  • South Carolina State Monument (1963)
  • Tennessee State Monument (1982)
  • Texas State Monument (1964)
  • Virginia State Monument (1917), Frederick William Sievers, sculptor. Features a larger-than-life sculpture group, "Virginia to Her Sons at Gettysburg;" and is topped by an equestrian statue of Gen. Robert E. Lee. The National Park Service says the monument will not be removed.[368]
• McConnellsburg
  • Confederate Soldiers Monument, dedicated in 1929.
  • Last Confederate Bivouac Monument, dedicated in 1930.
• Philadelphia: Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument (1911), Philadelphia National Cemetery. Commemorates 184 Confederate prisoners of war who died in Philadelphia area hospitals and camps.

• Gettysburg: Confederate Avenue
• McConnellsburg: Confederate Lane

• Nathan Bedford Forrest Bust. On display in the Capital rotunda since 1978. Former governor Bill Haslam wished to remove it, but he was not supported by the Legislature or the Capitol Commission. "In 2010, the state moved the Forrest bust from outside the doors of the House of Representatives' chamber to its current location between the legislature's two chambers. It was relocated in order to make room for a bust of Sampson Keeble, Tennessee's first black legislator."[372] In January 2019 a group of students demonstrated at the capital, calling for its removal.[373]

• Greeneville: General Morgan Inn, located at the spot where Confederate general John Hunt Morgan was killed.
• Murfreesboro: Forrest Hall at Middle Tennessee State University. The Tennessee Board of Regents has unanimously recommended the name change, on the recommendation of a campus task force, and the university president, but it has yet to pass the Tennessee Historical Commission, which plans "public hearings."[374][375]

Tipton County Courthouse, Covington

Confederate Monument "Chip", Franklin

Confederate Women monument, Nashville

• Blountville: Confederate Memorial (1928)
• Benton: Confederate memorial (2009)[376]
• Blountville: Confederate Memorial (1928)[376]
• Bolivar: Monument to the Memory of Fallen Confederate Sons (1873)
• Brownsville: Confederate Memorial (1909)
• Carthage:
  • Smith County Confederate Monument[376]
  • Smith County War Memorial (1976)[376]
• Charlotte:
  • Confederate Monument (2001): "Confederate Veterans Memorial honoring those from Dickson County who served the CSA."
  • Confederate Veterans Memorial (2012) "honoring gallant soldiers, veterans and their families."[376]
• Cleveland: United Daughters of the Confederacy Monument (1911)[30]^:191
• Cookeville: Eternal Flame, honors all Putnam County veterans[376]
• Covington: Confederate Monument (1895)[376]
• Decaturville: Confederate Monument[376]
• Dover: Fort Donelson. The Confederate fort was named for CSA General Daniel Smith Donelson but captured by Union General Grant in 1862, who retained the Fort's name saying "Fort Donelson will hereafter be marked in Capitals on the maps of our United Country..." Also contains Confederate Monument donated by United Daughters of the Confederacy in 1933.[377]
• Dresden: Weakley County Confederate Monument (1915)
• Dyersburg:
  • Confederate Monument (1905)
  • United Confederate Veterans Civil War Plaques (1926)[376]
• Erwin: War Memorial[376]
• Fayetteville:
  • Civil War Memorial in memory of the three thousand Confederate soldiers of Lincoln County (1906)
  • Women's Monument to those who kept up the responsibilities of farms and businesses during the Civil War (1904)[376]
• Franklin: "Our Confederate Soldiers" Monument (1899), UDC monument known locally as "Chip" memorializes soldiers who died in the Battle of Franklin. Since by state law it cannot be removed, the city of Franklin, with "broad support", wants to install historic markers "depicting the experience of the African-Americans before, during, and after the Civil War." The UDC opposes this, claiming ownership of the Public Square. As of December 2018, the issue is in litigatioN.[378][379]
• Greeneville: John Hunt Morgan Memorial[376]
• Jackson: "Our Confederate Dead" Monument (1888)
• Lafayette: Macon County Confederate Monument (2001)
• Lebanon:
  • 1901 monument to the Confederacy
  • 2011 memorial to those from the County who served in the Army of Tennessee.
  • General Robert Hopkins Hatton marker (1912)[376]
• Lewisburg: Confederate Soldier Monument (1904)
• Manchester: Erected 1991 by United Daughters of the Confederacy.[376]
• McMinnville: Warren County Civil War Memorial (2004)[376]
• Murfreesboro:
  • Rutherford County Confederate Memorial (1901)
  • Rutherford County Confederate Veterans Memorial (2011)
  • Nathan Bedford Forrest Memorial Tablet (1912)
• Nashville: Tennessee Confederate Women's Monument, Belle Kinney Scholz, sculptor (1926)
• Paris: Confederate Monument (1900)
• Pulaski: "Rebel Martyr" Sam Davis Statue (1906)
• Savannah: Confederate Monument (1995)
• Selmer: Confederate Memorial (1994)
• Shelbyville: Confederate Memorial in Memory of the "Shelbyville Rebels" Company F 41st Tennessee Regiment CSA (1937)[30]^:205
• Smithville: DeKalb County Confederate Monument (1996)
• Spencer: Confederate Monument (1988)
• Springfield: Confederate Monuments (two monuments) (1997, 2012)[376]
• Trenton: Oakland Cemetery: Confederate Monument commissioned by the United Daughters of the Confederacy in 1900 and Confederate marker commissioned by the Sons of Confederate Veterans in 1990. Listed on the NRHP.[380]
• Union City: Confederate Monument (1869)
• Waynesboro: Confederate Monument (2003)

• Altamont: Confederate Memorial (1896), depicting flags of the Confederacy[376]
• Beechgrove:
  • Nathan Bedford Forrest monument, in Beechgrove Confederate Cemetery.
  • Memorial to the 20th Tennessee Volunteer Infantry (2008), in Beechgrove Confederate Cemetery.[376]
• Centerville: Confederate Civil War Memorial Plaque[376]
• Chapel Hill: Obelisk with Confederate flag on the site where Nathan Bedford Forrest was born.[381] There is also "a medallion-shaped monument outside city hall" with a Confederate flag.[381]
• Chattanooga: statue of Alexander P. Stewart, a confederate lieutenant, in front of the Chattanooga/Hamilton County Courthouse. (1919) Efforts have been made to remove this statue.[382]
• Clarksville: Confederate Monument (1893), Greenwood Cemetery[383]
• Clifton: Nathan Bedford Forrest Memorial[376]
• Columbia: Confederate "Funeral Rest" Memorial, Rose Hill Cemetery (1882)[376]
• Cookeville: Confederate Memorial, Cookeville Cemetery (2004)[376]
• Covington: Nathan Bedford Forrest Memorial, Tipton County Museum (1998)[376]
• Crossville: Confederate and Union Memorial[384]
• Denmark: Britton Lane Confederate Monument (1897)
• Dover: Confederate Monument, Fort Donelson (1933)[376]
• Dyersburg: Confederate monument (2004), Old City Cemetery[376]
• Erwin: Confederate Memorial, Ohio Avenue (1903)[376]

Pyramid of cannonballs commemorate Patrick Cleburne in Franklin, Tennessee

• Franklin: Confederal "Funeral Rest" Memorial, Rose Hill Cemetery[376]
  • Cannonballs are stacked in a pyramid to commemorate where CSA General Patrick Cleburne died in the Battle of Franklin[385]
• Gallatin: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1903)
• Hamilton County: Chickamauga & Chattanooga National Military Park. Numerous monuments and memorials to Confederate soldiers and units, as well as Union monuments.
• Humboldt: Confederate Monument (1900), Bailey Park
• Knoxville:
  • A stone monument was erected in 1914 by the United Daughters of the Confederacy at the corner of 17th Street and Laurel Avenue, in the Fort Sanders neighborhood, defaced in August 2017.[386]
  • Civil War Memorial (1901), Knoxville National Cemetery
  • Monument to the Confederate dead (1892), Bethel Avenue[376]
  • Historical marker, with Confederate flag, in front of Immaculate Conception Church, for Father Abram Ryan, called "Poet of the Confederacy".
• Lebanon:
  • Confederate Memorial Gen. Hatton Statue (1912)
  • Rutherford County: grounds around the County Courthouse contain a 1901 monument to the Confederacy and a 2011 memorial to those from the County who served in the Army of Tennessee.
• Lynchburg: Confederate Veterans Memorial, Moore County Public Square[376]
• Memphis:
  • Monument to Captain J. Harvey Mathes, 37th Tennessee CSA[387]
  • Confederate Memorial (1878), Elmwood Cemetery, 824 Dudley Street[376]
• Mount Pleasant: Confederate Monument (1907)
• Mulberry: Confederate Memorial (1909)
• Murfreesboro: Confederate Circle in Evergreen Cemetery was established in 1891 as a memorial to approximately 2,000 Confederate soldiers whose remains were reinterred there.
• Nashville:
  • Confederate Private Monument (1909) in Centennial Park.
  • Confederate Gallery, Ryman Auditorium[388]
  • Mount Olivet Cemetery had a burial and memorial area established by a ladies group shortly after the Civil War which became known as Confederate Circle.
  • The Hermitage: UDC monument and gates (1941) at the Tennessee Confederate Soldiers Cemetery[389]
• Obion: Obion Veterans Memorial, honoring those who were killed in service and were MIA-POW in Civil War, World Wars I & II, Korea, Vietnam, Desert Storm, Afghanistan and Iraq (2006)[376]
• Parkers Crossroads:
  • Freeman's Battery (2002)
  • Morton's Battery (2007)
• Pulaski:
  • Seventh Kentucky Mounted Infantry Memorial (1911)
  • Confederate subsection with a Confederate monument dedicated by the United Daughters of the Confederacy in 1913, Maplewood Cemetery.[390]
• Santa Fe: Memorial plaque to Maury [County] Light Artillery (Confederate), public square.[376]
• Tazewell: Confederate memorial (2000) honoring unknown Confederate dead; located in Irish Memorial Cemetery.[376]
• Trimble: Cemetery Ridge Memorial Plaza, honoring Merion Spence Parks and Williams Hamilton Parks II, members of UDC and SCV respectively (2012)[376]
• Union City
  • Confederate Monument, Kiwanis Park (1909)
  • Confederate Monument to Unknown Soldiers, Old Soldiers' Cemetery, Summer Street at Edwards Street (1869)[376]
• Winchester
  • UDC Memorial to Confederate soldiers (1950), City Cemetery
  • SCV Memorial to Confederate soldiers (2003), Confederate Cemetery, adjoining the City Cemetery"[376]
• Woodbury: 1926 monument "honors all confederate soldiers and marks the spot where CSA Lt. Col. John B. Hutchenson was killed."[376]

• Nashville
  • Nathan Bedford Forrest Statue, made of fiberglass over foam, 25 feet high, on private land[391] near Interstate 65, installed in 1998, built with private money. It is surrounded by Confederate battle flags, constituting what the owner calls "Confederate Flag Park." (No government recognizes it as a park, and the entrance is chained shut with a "No Trespassing" sign.) The giant statue is visible from the highway to anyone entering the city from the south.[392] It has been called "hideous"[392] and "ridiculous."[393] There have been numerous calls for its removal. Tennessee Governor Bill Haslam said: "It's not a statue that I like and [ sic ] that most Tennesseans are proud of in any way."[394] Former Nashville Mayor Megan Barry called the statue "an offensive display of hatred."[394] In 2015, Nashville's Metro Council voted to petition the Tennessee Department of Transportation to plant obscuring vegetation;[395] the Department declined, because it is private land.[392] ("Never mind that the T.D.O.T. itself removed the obscuring vegetation back in 1998, when the statue was first erected."[392][394]) There has been occasional vandalism; in December 2017 it was covered in "pussy-hat pink" paint,[392] which Bill Dorris, current owner of the land, says he intends to leave.[396] He also said that if trees are planted to block the view from I-65, he "would make the statue taller."[391] It was sculpted, at no charge, by notorious racist Jack Kershaw, an attorney for Martin Luther King's murderer, famous for having said "Somebody needs to say a good word for slavery."[397][398]

• Dixie Lee Junction, an unincorporated community where the Dixie and Lee Highways intersect.

• Eva: Nathan Bedford Forrest State Park (1963)
• Franklin: Confederate Memorial Park at Winstead Hill Park

• Chapel Hill: Forrest High School
• Nashville: Father Ryan High School, named for Abram Ryan, called "Poet of the Confederacy".
• Paris: Robert E. Lee School
• Sewanee: The University of the South: "Nowhere is the issue of Confederate remembrance more nettlesome than at Sewanee, whose origin[s] are entwined with the antebellum South and the Confederacy."[399] Confederate flags are in stained glass windows of the chapel, as is the Seal of the Confederacy.[399] It benefited greatly at its founding by a large gift from John Armfield, at one time co-owner of Franklin and Armfield, the largest and most prosperous slave trading enterprise in the country. Students as late as 1871 were required to wear uniforms of "cadet gray cloth".[400] Confederate flags hung in the chapel from its dedication in 1909 until the mid-1990s when they were removed "reportedly to improve acoustics".[401] There is an official portrait hanging at the University of Bishop Leonidas Polk, "an ardent defender of slavery,"[399] who was in charge of the celebration of the cornerstone laying in 1857, and said the new university will "materially aid the South to resist and repel a fanatical domination which seeks to rule over us."[402] He resigned his ecclesiastical position to become a major general in the Confederate army (called "Sewanee's Fighting Bishop"), and died in battle in 1864. His official portrait at the University depicts him dressed as a bishop with his army uniform hanging nearby. However, his portrait was moved from Convocation Hall to Archives and Special Collections in 2015.[403] The Confederate flag was also emblazoned on the university mace that led processions marking the beginning and ending of the term from 1965 until 1997. At a special chapel service to celebrate Jefferson Davis' birthday, the Ceremonial Mace was consecrated to the memory of Nathan Bedford Forrest, the first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan, by Bishop Charles C. J. Carpenter of Alabama – one of the clergy who opposed Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s activities in Birmingham in 1963 (see A Call for Unity), prompting King to write his "Letter from a Birmingham Jail" in response.[401]
  • The Vice Chancellor is the chief academic officer at the university; the chancellor is a bishop of the Episcopal church. Jefferson Davis and Robert E. Lee both turned down offers of the position.[404] (Sewanee has a portrait of Davis.[405]) The first vice chancellor was Rt. Rev. Charles Todd Quintard, called "chaplain of the Confederacy". He compiled the Confederate Soldiers' Pocket Manual of Devotions (Charleston, 1863).[406]
  • The university's chief donor was John Armfield, at the time co-owner of Franklin and Armfield, the largest slave-trading firm in the U.S. He purchased the site and gave the university an endowment of $25,000 a year. In addition to Polk, Bishop Stephen Elliott, the first and only Presiding Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Confederate States of America, and Bishop James Hervey Otey, later prominent in the Confederacy, were significant founders of the university. Generals Edmund Kirby Smith, Josiah Gorgas, and Francis A. Shoup were prominent in the university's postbellum revival and continuance.
• Tullahoma: Robert E. Lee Elementary (1964)

Calhoun Hall, named for slave owner and Confederate supporter W. H. Calhoun.

• Vanderbilt University:
  • Calhoun Hall, named for William Henry Calhoun, a slave owner, Odd Fellows Grand Master and silversmith who was arrested for his Confederate support on the order of Union Brigadier General Robert Byington Mitchell pending the release of Union prisoners in 1863.[407][408]
  • Portrait of Confederate General Edmund Kirby Smith by Cornelius Hankins in the Wyatt Center.[409] Smith served as the chancellor of the University of Nashville from 1870 to 1875.[409]
  • Marble bust of Confederate Colonel and Board of Trust Treasurer Edmund William Cole in Kirkland Hall, the administration building.[410] He is also the namesake of the annual Cole Lecture.[411]
  • The campus includes several buildings tied to slavery and the Confederacy, like McTyeire Hall (named for pro-slavery essayist Holland Nimmons McTyeire) and Elliston Hall (named for Elizabeth Boddie Elliston of the Burlington Plantation, who owned slaves).[412][413][414]

• Pigeon Forge: "Rebel Railroad" was a small theme park built in 1961, its main attraction being a simulated Confederate steam train which afforded "'good Confederate citizens' the opportunity to ride a five mile train route through 'hostile' territory and to help repel a Yankee assault on the train". Rebel Railroad was purchased in 1970 by Art Modell, owner of the Cleveland Browns.[415][416][417] In 2018 it is operating under the name Dollywood.
• Morristown, General Longstreet Headquarters Museum[418]

• "The Texas Capitol itself is a Confederate monument," according to then-Land Commissioner Jerry E. Patterson.[421] The Texas Confederate Museum was once housed in the Capitol.
  • Confederate Soldiers Monument (1903) features four bronze figures representing the Confederate artillery, cavalry, infantry, and navy. A bronze statue of Jefferson Davis stands above them.[422] The inscription reads: "Died for state rights guaranteed under the constitution. The people of the South, animated by the spirit of 1776, to preserve their rights, withdrew from the federal compact in 1861. The North resorted to coercion. The South, against overwhelming numbers and resources, fought until exhausted."[423]
  • Hood's Texas Brigade, a monument "to memorialize those [who] fought for the Confederacy".[424] "The monument includes a depiction of a Confederate soldier, quotes by Confederate leaders, a flag of the Confederacy and the Confederate battle flag."[425] These are the only Confederate flags currently (2017) visible in the Capitol.[426] Representative Eric Johnson has called for its removal.[425]
  • Terry's Texas Rangers Monument, a monument "to memorialize those [who] fought for the Confederacy"[424] (1907).

Seal of Texas

• The reverse side of the Seal of Texas (1992) includes "the unfurled flags of the Kingdom of France, the Kingdom of Spain, the United Mexican States, the Republic of Texas, the Confederate States of America, and the United States of America". The Confederate flag is rendered as the Stars and Bars.

• Confederate Heroes Day is celebrated on January 19. State employees have the day off.
• April is Confederate History Month in Texas.[427]

• Austin
  • The John H. Reagan state office building is located at 1400 Congress.[424]

Many monuments were donated by pro-Confederacy groups like Daughters of the Confederacy. County governments at the time voted to accept the gifts and take ownership of the statues.[428][429]

• Alpine: Confederate Colonel Henry Percy Brewster (1963)[430]
• Aspermont: Historical marker, "County Named for Confederate Hero Stonewall Jackson", Stonewall County Courthouse (1963)
• Bastrop: Monuments at Bastrop County Courthouse include:
  • Confederate Soldiers' Monument (1910)[431]
  • Historical marker, "Home Town of Texas Confederate Major Joseph D. Sayers" (1963)[432]
• Bay City: Confederate Soldiers' Monument (1913), Matagorda County Courthouse[433][434]
• Belton: Confederate Soldiers' Monument, Bell County Courthouse[435]
• Bonham: Confederate Soldiers' Monument (1905), Fannin County Courthouse[436]
• Bryan: Commemorative marker, erected 1965, to the Brazos County Confederate Commissioners Court.[437]
• Comanche: Confederate Soldiers' Monument (2002), Comanche County Courthouse[438]
• Corsicana: Call to Arms (Confederate Soldiers' Monument), by Louis Amateis (1907), Navarro County Courthouse.[439][440] A Civil War bugler stands in uniform holding a bugle to his mouth with his proper right hand. He holds a sword in his proper left hand at his side. He wears a hat with a feather in it and knee-high boots. A bedroll is slung over his proper left shoulder and strapped across his chest and proper right hip. The sculpture is mounted on a rectangular base.[441] "Isaac O'Haver was a member of Co K of the 17th VA Cavalry. He was a 17 year-old bugler for his unit. He was born Sep. 20, 1844 and died at the age of 27 on March 30, 1872. He is buried at the Ladoga Cemetery."[442] The plaques on the monument read:
  • South side: The Call to Arms Erected 1907 by Navarro chapter United Daughters of the Confederacy To commemorate the valor and heroism of our Confederate Soldiers It is not in the power of mortals to command success The Confederate Soldier did more - he deserved it. "But their fame on brightest pages penned by poets and by pages Shall go sounding down the ages"
  • West side: "Nor shall your glory be fought while fame her record keeps or honor points the hollowed spot where valor proudly sleeps" "Tell it as you may It never can be told Sing it as you Will It never can be sung The Story of the Glory of the men who wore the gray"
  • East side: "It is a duty we owe the dead who died for us: - But where memories can never die - It is a duty we owe to posterity to see that our children shall know the virtues And rise worthy of their sires".
  • North side: The soldiers of the Southern Confederacy fought valiantly for The liberty of state bequeathed them By their forefathers of 1776 "Who Glorified Their righteous cause and they who made The sacrifice supreme in That they died To keep their country free"[441]
• Clarksville: Confederate Soldiers' Monument, Red River County County Courthouse[443]

Denton, Texas

• Denton: Denton Confederate Soldier Monument, Denton County Courthouse.[444] Cost $2,000; a project of the Denton Chapter, UDC. Dedicated June 3, 1918, Jefferson Davis's birthday.[445] It had "whites only" drinking fountains on each side.[446] In 2015 it was defaced with the words "THIS IS RACIST" in red paint.[447] The twenty-year campaign of a Denton resident, Willie Hudspeth, to have the monument removed was the subject of a Vice news video in 2018.[446] After the wave of Confederate monument removals that followed the 2017 Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, and in large part as a result of Hudspeth's campaign, a county 15-person Confederate Memorial Committee met for three months in 2017–18 and recommended "adding context" — two video kiosks and a large plaque, "with interviews about local veterans and the history of slavery"[448] — to the monument rather than removing it, a suggestion accepted unanimously by the county commissioners. Once the nature of the historical context has been determined, approval of the Texas Historical Commission will be required.[449] As of September, 2018, "the county still does not have a timeline for completing the project and...there were no updates to report".[450] The video caught the attention of Kali Holloway, director of the Make It Right Project, which is working to remove Confederate monuments. She added the Denton monument to the group's "top 10 list" of monuments they consider priorities.[229][450] The statue was removed in June 2020.[451]
• Fort Worth: Monument to "Confederate Soldiers and their Descendents" (1953), Tarrant County Courthouse[452]

Dignified Resignation in Galveston, Texas

• Galveston: Dignified Resignation (1909) by Louis Amateis at the Galveston County Courthouse. With his back turned to the US flag while carrying a Confederate flag, it is the only memorial in Texas to feature a Confederate sailor.[453][454] It was "erected to the soldiers and sailors of the Confederate States of America." An inscription on the plaque reads, "there has never been an armed force which in purity of motives intensity of courage and heroism has equaled the army and navy of the Confederate States of America."[423]
• Gainesville: Confederate Soldiers' Monument, Cooke County Courthouse (1911)[455][456]

Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument in Georgetown, Texas

• Georgetown: Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument, Williamson County Courthouse (1916)
• Goldthwaite: Confederate Soldiers' Monument, Mills County Courthouse[457]
• Granbury: Statue of CSA General Hiram B. Granbury (1913), killed in the Battle of Franklin (1913), Hood County Courthouse. Erected by UDC.[458]
• Hillsboro: Confederate Soldiers' Monument, Hill County, Texas Courthouse[459]
• Jefferson: Confederate Soldiers' Monument (1907, moved to the courthouse in the 1930s), Marion County Courthouse[460][461]
• Linden: Confederate Monument (1903), Cass County Courthouse[462]
• Livingston: Confederate Soldiers' Monument, Polk County Courthouse[463]
• Llano: Confederate Soldiers' Monument, Llano County Courthouse[464]
• Lockhart: Confederate Soldiers' Monument, Caldwell County Courthouse[465]
• Longview: Confederate Soldiers' Monument (1911), Gregg County Courthouse[466][467]
• Mount Pleasant: Confederate Soldiers' Monument (1912), Titus County Courthouse[468][469]
• Memphis: Confederate Soldiers' Monument, Hall County Courthouse[470]
• Marshall: Confederate Soldiers' Monument (1906), Harrison County Courthouse[471]
• New Braunfels: Confederate Soldiers' Monument (1937), Comal County Courthouse[472]
• Paris: Confederate Soldiers' Monument, Lamar County Courthouse[473]
• Confederate Soldiers' Monument, Kaufman, Kaufman County Courthouse[474]
• Perryton: Courthouse monument to CSA colonel William Beck Ochiltree[475]
• Rusk: Confederate Soldiers' Monument, Cherokee County Courthouse[476]
• Sherman: Confederate Soldiers' Monument (1896), Grayson County Courthouse. This was the first Confederate statue dedicated at a county courthouse in Texas.[477]
• Snyder: marker (1963) commemorating William Read Scurry, Scurry County Courthouse[478]
• Stephenville: Confederate Soldiers' Monument (2001), Erath County Courthouse[479]

Confederate Mothers Monument in Texarkana

• Texarkana: The Confederate Mothers Monument (1918), located in Texas near the state line with Arkansas, is shared by the US District Court in Texarkana, Texas, and the US Post Office and Courthouse in Texarkana, Arkansas[480][481]
• Vernon: Confederate Soldiers' Monument, Wilbarger County Courthouse [482]
• Weatherford: Confederate Soldiers' Monument (1929), Parker County Courthouse[483]
• Waxahachie: Confederate Soldiers' Monument (1912), Ellis County Courthouse[484][485]

Confederate Memorial Plaza in Anderson, Texas

Confederate Soldiers Monument, Austin

Confederate Monument, Beaumont

• Alpine: CSA Gen. Lawrence "Sul" Ross Monument (1963)
• Amarillo: Confederate Soldier Statue (1931)[453]
• Anderson: Confederate Memorial Plaza (2010).[486] The plaza beside the Grimes County courthouse flies a Confederate flag behind a gate with metal lettering reading "Confederate Memorial Plaza." A metal statue depicts one of several Grimes County residents who fought with the 4th Texas volunteer infantry brigade in Virginia.[423]
• Athens: Henderson County Confederate Monument (1964)
• Austin:
  • Hood's Texas Brigade Monument, Texas State Capitol
  • Littlefield Fountain, University of Texas, commemorates George W. Littlefield, a university regent and CSA officer. An inscription reads, "To the men and women of the Confederacy who fought with valor and suffered with fortitude that states [sic] rights be maintained."
  • Texas Confederate Women's and Men's Historical Markers, at 3710 Cedar St. and 1600 W. Sixth, commemorate campgrounds built to house and care for widows, wives, and veterans of the Confederacy.[424]
• Beaumont: "Our Confederate Soldiers" Monument (1912)
• Clarksville: Confederate Soldier Monument (1912)
• Cleburne: Cleburne Monument (2015) Confederate Arch (1922)
• Coleman: Hometown of Texas CSA Col. James E. McCord Monument (1963)
• College Station: A statue of Lawrence Sullivan Ross, Confederate general and former president of A&M University is located on the campus of Texas A&M University. In August 2017 the Chancellor of the university, John Sharp, confirmed that the university will not be removing the statue from the campus.[487]
• Corpus Christi: Queen of the Sea (1914; restored 1990), bas-relief by Pompeo Coppini; UDC-sponsored Confederate memorial featuring an allegorical female figure – representing Corpus Christie – holding keys of success while receiving blessings from Mother Earth and Father Neptune, who are standing next to her.[453] "Coppini was abhorrent of war", and in Queen of the Sea "he crafted a sculpture that symbolized peace and captured the spirit of Corpus Christi".[488]
• El Paso:
  • Hometown of Texas CSA Capt. James W. Magoffin Monument (1964)
  • CSA Maj. Simeon Hart Monument (1964)
• Farmersville: Confederate Soldier Monument (1917), Farmersville City Park[489]
• Fort Worth: Confederate Soldier Memorial (1939), Oakwood Cemetery[453]
• Gainesville Confederate Heroes Statue (1908) in Leonard Park[490][491]
• Gonzales: Confederate Soldiers' Monument, Confederate Square. Dedicated on June 3, 1909. To "our Confederate dead."[492][493]
• Greenville: Confederate Soldier Monument (1926)
• Holliday: Stonewall Jackson Camp 249 Monument (1999)
• Houston:
  • Spirit of the Confederacy (1908, in present location since 1925), by Louis Amateis.[453] Erected by United Daughters of the Confederacy.[494]
  • Statue of Richard W. Dowling, located at the entrance to Hermann Park. Erected in 1905, the monument was in front of City Hall until 1958, when it was moved to its present location. In August 2017 Andrew Schneck was arrested at the statue with bomb materials.[495]
• Kermit: Col. C.M. Winkler Monument (1963)
• Marshall:
  • Confederate Capitol of Missouri Monument (1963)
  • Confederate Monument (1906)
  • Home of Last Texas Confederate Gov. Pendleton Murrah Monument (1963)
• Miami: Col. O.M. Roberts Monument (1963)

John H. Reagan Memorial in Palestine, Texas. The allegorical figure seated beneath Reagan represents the Lost Cause of the Confederacy.[453]

• Palestine: John H. Reagan Memorial (1911) by Pompeo Coppini[453]
• Sabine Pass: Sabine Pass Battleground State Historic Site. Where the Sabine River enters the Gulf of Mexico, 47 Confederate men held off a large Union attack, destroying two Union boats and capturing hundreds of prisoners. Today the site is managed by the Texas Historical Commission, and it hosts battle reenactments in honor of the Confederate soldiers.
• Sherman: Confederate Soldier Monument (1897)
• Tomball: Confederate Powder Mill Marker Monument (1966)
• Victoria: Confederate Monument (1912). Pompeo Coppini's statue, called The Last Stand, and sometimes The Firing Line, sits in De Leon Plaza. The inscription reads: "On civilization's height / Immutable they stand". The $5,000 cost was raised by the United Daughters of the Confederacy.

Confederate Veterans Memorial Plaza, Palestine, Texas

• Austin: Confederate monument, Oakwood Cemetery. Erected in 2016 by the Sons of Confederate Veterans.[496]
• Belton: Monument to Confederate Sargeant Jacob Hemphill. Erected 2016 by Sons of Confederate Veterans.[497]
• Crowley: "Confederate Veterans Memorial Monument honoring The Confederate Veterans of Crowley and the surrounding area interred at the Crowley Cemetery." Erected 2011 by the Sons of Confederate Veterans.[497]
• Hempstead: The Liendo Plantation was a center for Confederate recruiting efforts and held Union prisoners during the war. Now it holds battle reenactments and demonstrations of Civil War era Confederate life at its annual Civil War Weekend.
• Orange: The Confederate Memorial of the Wind, located on Martin Luther King Jr. Drive, but visible from I-10, has been under construction since 2013, and will be the largest Confederate monument built since 1916, according to the Sons of Confederate Veterans.[420] A center stone ring is held aloft by 13 pillars, one for each state that seceded. There are twenty commemorative flagpoles.
• Palestine: Confederate Veterans Memorial Plaza (2013), funded by the Sons of the Confederate Veterans[498]

• Brewster County (1887) named for Henry Percy Brewster
• Culberson County (1911) named for CSA Lieutenant Colonel David B. Culberson
• Donley County (1882) named for Stockton P. Donley, a lawyer who enlisted in the Confederate Army. Just after the war in 1866, he was elected to the Supreme Court of Texas, but was removed by the Reconstruction military government.
• Ector County (1891) named for CSA General Mathew Ector, who later served as a judge.
• Foard County (1891) named for Robert L. Foard, an attorney and Confederate Major.[499]
• Gray County (1902) named for Peter W. Gray, a lawyer and legislator who attended the 1861 Texas State Secession Convention, and voted to leave the union. Shortly after, Gray was elected to the Confederate House of Representatives.
• Gregg County (1873) named for CSA General John Gregg, who was a delegate to the Texas Secession Convention in 1861 and was elected to represent Texas in the Provisional Confederate Congress in Montgomery, Alabama, and later in Richmond, Virginia. He was killed in action at the Siege of Petersburg in 1864.
• Hemphill County and Hemphill city (1877) named for John Hemphill, Chief Justice of the Texas Supreme Court from 1841 to 1858 until he was elected to the US Senate when Sam Houston refused to support secession. He was expelled from the Senate when Texas seceded in 1861 and then represented Texas in the Provisional Confederate Congress.
• Hood County (1866) named for CSA General John Bell Hood
• Jeff Davis County (1887) named for Jefferson Davis.
• Lee County (1874) named for Robert E. Lee.
• Lubbock County named for CSA colonel Thomas Saltus Lubbock
• Madison County: In 2020 County Commissioners designated April as Confederate History and Heritage Month.[427]
• McCulloch County, for CSA general Benjamin McCulloch
• Ochiltree County (1889) named for secessionist politician William Beck Ochiltree.
• Oldham County (1881) named for William Simpson Oldham Sr., a Confederate politician.
• Randall County (1889) named for CSA Brig. Gen. Horace Randal.
• Reagan County (1903) named for CSA Postmaster General John H. Reagan.
• Reeves County (1884) named for CSA officer George R. Reeves.
• Roberts County (1889) named for Oran Milo Roberts, who was unanimously elected president of the 1861 Secession Convention, a meeting that he had been influential in calling. In 1862 he resigned the Supreme Court seat and was elected colonel of the Eleventh Texas infantry in the Confederate Army. He was Governor of Texas from 1879 to 1883.
• Scurry County (1884) named for secessionist and CSA Gen. William Read Scurry.
• Starr County Confederate official James Harper Starr
• Stephens County, originally Buchanan County, for U.S. President James Buchanan, in 1861 was renamed for CSA Vice-President Alexander Stephens.
• Stonewall County (1888) named for CSA General Stonewall Jackson.
• Sutton County (1890) named for CSA officer John S. Sutton.
• Terrell County (1905) named for CSA acting General Alexander W. Terrell.
• Terry County (1904) named for CSA Col. Benjamin Franklin Terry .
• Tom Green County (1875) named for CSA Brig. Gen. Thomas Green, KIA (killed in action).
• Upton County (1910) named for brothers John C. and William F. Upton, both colonels in the Confederate Army.
• Val Verde County (1885) Confederate victory in the Battle of Val Verde
• Winkler County (1910) named for CSA Col. Clinton M. Winkler.

• City of Cleburne (1871)
• City of Fort Davis: named for Jefferson Davis.
• City of Granbury (1887)
• City of Hemphill: named for judge and Confederate politician John Hemphill (see Hemphill County as well)
• City of Robert Lee
• City of Stonewall: named for Stonewall Jackson.

• Columbus: Confederate Memorial Museum. Located in an unusual building, built in 1883, that formerly was the town's water tower, and in the base its Fire Station. It is a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark. Curated by UDC, which purchased the building from the town in 1926, when its water system was modernized and the unneeded tower building put up for sale.[500] According to the UDC it holds a collection of artifacts from Civil War soldiers of Columbus and Colorado County. It is a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark, dedicated, according to UDC, to the veterans of all wars, although the museum holds only Confederate artifacts.[501]
• White Settlement: Texas Civil War Museum, opened 2006. It is pro-Confederacy,[502] and the UDC has permanently one of the three seats on its board. Has material from the former Texas Confederate Museum in Austin, which closed in 1988.

• Confederate Reunion Grounds State Historic Site, Limestone County, near Mexia, Texas
• Davis Mountains State Park (1938) named for the mountain range
• Davis Mountains (geographic feature in West Texas around and named for Fort Davis)
• Fort Worth: Jefferson Davis Park.[503]
• Holliday: Stonewall Jackson Campground
• Lakeside, Tarrant County: Confederate Park. The two Confederate flags displayed on each side of the park's marker were removed by the Texas Department of Public Transportation in 2017. Marker text:

  Site of Confederate Park // Local businessman Khleber M. Van Zandt organized the Robert E. Lee Camp of the United Confederate Veterans in 1889. By 1900 it boasted more than 700 members. The Club received a 25-year charter to create the Confederate Park Association in 1901, then purchased 373 acres (151 ha) near this site for the "recreation, refuge and relief of Confederate soldiers" and their families. Opening events included a picnic for veterans and families on June 20, 1902, and a statewide reunion September 8–12, 1902, with 3,500 attendees. The park thrived as a center for the civil and social activities on Texas Confederate organizations. By 1924 the numbers [ sic ] of surviving veterans had greatly diminished, and the Confederate Park Association dissolved when its charter expired in 1926.

  [503]
• Palestine: John H. Reagan Park

Note: "There are similarly named streets in towns and cities across east Texas, notably Port Arthur and Beaumont, as well as memorials to Dowling and the Davis Guards, not least at Sabine Pass, where the battleground is now preserved as a state park"

• Abilene:
  • Jackson Elementary School
  • Johnston Elementary School
  • Lee Elementary School (1961)[81]
• Amarillo:
  • Lee Elementary School (was renamed Park Hills Elementary School in 2019)[81]
  • Tascosa High School. Confederacy iconography was dropped in 1974. The school dropped its mascot, Johnny Reb, and stopped playing "Dixie" as their fight song. The Dixieland Singers became the Freedom Singers. Miss Southern Belle became Tascosa Belle. The "Rebel" nickname remained, but other ties to the Civil War disappeared.[505]
• Austin:
  • John H. Reagan Early College High School (1965)
  • William B. Travis High School, home of the "Rebels".[506] Dropped "Dixie" as its song in 2012.[507]
  • Zachary Taylor Fulmore Middle School
  • Sidney Lanier High School: Sidney Lanier, poet of the Confederacy, was a private in the Confederate Army.[508]
  • Johnston High School: Named for Albert Sidney Johnston, Confederate general killed in the Battle of Shiloh. The school closed in 2008; Eastside Memorial High School is now (2017) at that location.[508]
• Bryan:
  • Sul Ross Elementary School: Named for Lawrence Sullivan Ross, Confederate general and former president of Texas A&M University.[509]
• Buda:
  • Jack C. Hays High School. The school uses the "Rebel" nickname for its athletic teams.[510] Mascot "Colonel Jack" no longer has a Confederate flag belt buckle but still dresses in grey. The school dropped the Confederate flag as an official symbol in 2010 and the school district banned it from all district property in 2012.[511] In 2015 it replaced the school song "Dixie".
• Baytown:
  • Lee College (1934)
  • Lee High School (1928)

Stonewall Jackson Elementary School, Dallas

• Dallas:
  • Albert Sidney Johnston Elementary School
  • John H. Reagan Elementary School
  • Robert E. Lee Elementary School
  • Stonewall Jackson Elementary School (1939)
  • Sidney Lanier Expressive Arts Vanguard Elementary School
• Denton: Lee Elementary School (1988), renamed Alice Moore Alexander Elementary School in 2017[81]
• Eagle Pass: Robert E. Lee Elementary School
• Edinburg: Lee Elementary School[81]
• El Paso: Lee Elementary School[81]
• Evadale: Evadale High School. The school uses a Confederate flag-inspired crest. Its athletic teams are nicknamed the "Rebels".[512]
• Fort Davis:
  • Fort Davis AEC School
  • Fort Davis High School
• Gainesville: Robert E. Lee Intermediate School
• Grand Prairie: Robert E. Lee Elementary School (1948)
• Houston:
  • Davis High School (1926). In 2016, the Houston school board voted to rename the school.[513]
  • Dowling Middle School (1968), named for CSA Maj. Richard W. Dowling. In 2016, the Houston school board voted to rename the school.[513]
  • Sydney Lanier, Confederate poet and soldier. In 2016, the Houston school board voted to rename the school.[513]
  • John H. Reagan High School (1926). In 2016, the Houston school board voted to rename the school.[513]
  • Johnston Middle School (1959), named for Albert Sidney Johnston. In 2016, the Houston school board voted to rename the school.[513]
• Marshall: Robert E. Lee Elementary School
• Midland:
  • Lee Freshman High School (1961)
  • Lee High School (1961). The school's athletic teams are nicknamed the "Rebels". Lee High School had used the Confederate flag in the past.[514]
• North Richland Hills, home of the Richland High School "Rebels" and "Dixie Belles". The school mascot is "Johnny Rebel".[515]
• Port Arthur: Lee Elementary School (1959)[81]
• Robert Lee:
  • Robert Lee Elementary School
  • Robert Lee High School
• Rosenberg: B. F. Terry High School. Named for Confederate hero Benjamin Franklin Terry.
• San Angelo: Lee Middle School (1949)[81]
• San Antonio: Robert E. Lee High School (1958). After voting against a name change in 2015, the school board voted in August 2017 to change the name of the school.[516] In October, district trustees voted 5-2 to name the school Legacy of Educational Excellence, or LEE High School.[517] Its mascot is currently the Volunteer and the school colors are red and grey. Its pep squad, currently called the Southern Belles, were once called the Confederates. Its varsity dance team and junior varsity drill team are respectively named the Rebel Rousers and Dixie Drillers.[423]
• Stonewall: Stonewall Elementary School
• Tyler:
  • Hubbard Middle School (1964), named for Confederate Col. Richard B. Hubbard
  • Robert E. Lee High School (1958). Called "the city's most radioactive Confederate symbol," the possible renaming of the school was the subject of active discussion at meetings in August and September, 2017. In 1970, as a result of a statewide federal desegregation order, the school had to get rid of "its Confederate-themed mascot (the Rebels), fight song ("Dixie"), and prized Confederate flag (so large that it required twenty boys to carry). Its beloved Rebel Guard, a squadron of boys handpicked by an American-history teacher to dress in replica Confederate uniforms at football games and fire a cannon named Ole Spirit after touchdowns, had to find a new name. Same for the Rebelettes drill team."[518]

• Granbury: The city holds an annual General Granbury's Birthday Bash dedicated to Confederate General Hiram B. Granbury

• Bust of Stonewall Jackson (born in West Virginia, at that time part of Virginia) by Bryant Baker, located "in the rotunda of the West Virginia State Capitol." (1959)[527]
• Statue of Stonewall Jackson by Moses Ezekiel[528] on the State Capitol grounds (1910) placed by UDC Chapter No. 151[529][530]

Bronze plaque commemorating the site of Pettigrew's death.

First Confederate Memorial (1867), Romney, West Virginia

• Bunker Hill, West Virginia: Monument marking the death of Brig.-Gen. James Johnston Pettigrew, wounded on July 14, 1863, near Falling Waters during the retreat after the Battle of Gettysburg. He died at Edgewood on July 17, 1863.[531]
• Clarksburg: Bronze equestrian statue of Stonewall Jackson created by Charles Keck (1953) by the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC). Jackson was born in Clarksburg.
• Charles Town: Portraits of Lee and Jackson hang in the courtroom in which John Brown was tried and sentenced to death.[532]
• Charleston - See West Virginia State Capitol, above.
• Harpers Ferry: Heyward Shepherd Monument (1931). Although Shepherd was a black freeman working for the railway when killed in John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry, the monument was erected by UDC and Sons of Confederate Veterans (SCV). They called the project the "Faithful Slave Memorial" for many years and saw it as a way to emphasize their idea that blacks enjoyed being slaves and that men like Shepherd were victims of those seeking to free slaves.[533]
• Hinton: Confederate Soldier Monument, Summers County Courthouse (dedicated May 1914)[534] The base of the monument carries the inscription: "(North base:) This monument erected in honor of American valor as displayed by the Confederate soldiers from 1861 to 1865, and to perpetuate to remotest ages the patriotism and fidelity to principles of the heroes who fought and died for a lost cause. (East base:) sacred to the memory of the noble women of the Confederacy, who suffered more and lost as much, with less glory, than the Confederate soldier. (South base:) erected in the year 1914 by Camp Allen Woodrm Confederate veterans and Camp Bob Christian sons of Confederacy veterans and their friends. (West base:) This monument is dedicated to the Confederate soldiers of Greenbrier and New River valleys who followed Lee and Jackson.[535]
• Lewisburg: Confederate Monument (1906) The Confederate "monument was erected by the United Daughters of the Confederacy at a cost of $2,800. The monument was originally located on the campus of the Greenbrier College, but moved to its present location when U.S. Route 60 was relocated."[536] It is now located on the lawn of the old public library in Lewisburg. Some residents have suggested interpretive signage for the statue.[537] The inscription on the base reads, "In memory of our Confederate dead."[538]
• Mingo: Confederate Soldier Monument (1913/2013) The inscription reads in part, "TO THE MEMORY OF THE CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS OF RANDOLPH COUNTY AND VICINITY THIS INCLUDES ALL SOLDIERS WHO DIED IN VALLEY MOUNTAIN"[539]
• Parkersburg: Confederate Soldier Monument, (1908) The monument was created by Leon Hermant and the inscription reads in part, " IN MEMORY OF OUR CONFEDERATE DEAD ERECTED BY PARKERSBURG CHAPTER UNITED DAUGHTERS OF CONFEDERACY"[540]
• Romney: First Confederate Memorial (1867) Carved on the main facade are the words, "The daughters of Old Hampshire erect this tribute of affection to her heroic sons who fell in defense of Southern Rights."
• Union: Monroe County Confederate Soldier Monument (1901); marble statue inscribed "There is a true glory and a true honor. The glory of duty done, the honor of integrity of principle. R. E. Lee"[541]

• Bartow, initially an 1861 Confederate encampment, Camp Bartow, named for the late Confederate Colonel Francis Bartow.[542]^:97
• Harding, named for CSA Maj. French Harding.[542]^:297
• Linden, named for CSA Capt. Charles Linden Broadus.[542]^:374
• Thurmond, named for CSA Captain W. D. Thurmond[543]
• Welch, named for CSA Capt. Isaiah A. Welch.[544]

• Weston: Stonewall Jackson Lake State Park (1990) named for Stonewall Jackson Lake named for Confederate General Stonewall Jackson.

• Charleston: Stonewall Jackson Middle School occupies the building that housed the former Stonewall Jackson High School.

• Yellowstone National Park: The Lamar River (named 1884–85) is named for L.Q.C. Lamar, a secessionist who drafted the instrument of Mississippi's secession and raised a regiment for the Confederates with his own money. He served as a Confederate ambassador to Russia. The river was named while he served as the United States Secretary of the Interior after the war. The Lamar Valley and other park features or administrative names which contain Lamar are derived from this original naming.[548]

• In 1865, at the end of the American Civil War, a substantial number of Southerners left the South; many moved to other parts of the United States, such as the American West, but a few left the country entirely. The most popular country of Southerners emigration was Brazil, which still allowed slavery and wanted to encourage cotton production.[549] These emigrants were known as Confederados. A Confederate monument was erected in the city of Americana, São Paulo state, Brazil.[550]

• Kincardine, Ontario: A monument at Kincardine's library is dedicated to Solomon Secord, a Confederate army physician.[551]
• Kitchener, Ontario: Eastwood Collegiate Institute (1956), a public high school, replaced its Johnny Rebel mascot and Confederate imagery, perceived as associated with white bigotry, with Rebel Lion in 1999. The school retains the Rebel name for its teams.
• Montreal, Quebec: A plaque on a Hudson's Bay Company store commemorating Jefferson Davis' brief stay in the city was installed by UDC in 1957; it was removed in 2017 following the attack against counter protesters committed by a white supremacist in Charlottesville.[552][553]

• Tuam: Ireland commemorated CSA Major Richard W. Dowling, who was born in the Tuam, with a bronze memorial plaque on the Town Hall bearing his image and life story. Text of plaque: "Major Richard W. (Dick) Dowling C.S.A., 1837–1867 Born Knock, Tuam; Settled Houston Texas, 1857; Outstanding business and civic leader; Joined Irish Davis Guards in American Civil War; With 47 men foiled Invasion of Texas by 5000 federal troops at Sabine Pass, 8 Sept 1863, a feat of superb gunnery; formed first oil company in Texas; Died aged 30 of yellow fever. This plaque was unveiled by Col. J.B. Collerain 31 May 1998"

• Edinburgh: Dean Cemetery, obelisk for Scottish-born CSA Colonel Robert A. Smith, with a Confederate marker and Confederate flags.[554]