List of monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests

During the civil unrest[1] that followed the killing of George Floyd in May 2020, a number of monuments and memorials associated with racial injustice were vandalized, destroyed or removed, or commitments to remove them were announced. This occurred mainly in the United States, but also in several other countries. Some of the monuments in question had been the subject of lengthy, years-long efforts to remove them, sometimes involving legislation and/or court proceedings. In some cases the removal was legal and official; in others, most notably in Alabama and North Carolina,[2] laws prohibiting the removal of monuments were deliberately broken.

Clockwise from top left:

Initially, activists targeted monuments to the Confederate States of America, its leaders and its military. As the scope of the protests broadened to include other forms of systemic racism, many statues of Christopher Columbus in the United States were removed, as he participated in abuses against Native Americans and his arrival in the Americas was the beginning of the genocide of Native American people.[3] Statues of Junípero Serra, Juan de Oñate and Kit Carson, also involved in mistreatment of Native Americans, were also torn down or removed. Monuments to many other local figures connected with racism were also removed. Several statues of American slaveowners were also vandalized or removed, including Thomas Jefferson, George Washington, Ulysses S. Grant, and Francis Scott Key.[4][5][6] Some pro-Union or anti-slavery monuments were also targeted, as they were seen to embody disrespectful attitudes towards Native Americans or the enslaved. In one case, a statue of abolitionist Hans Christian Heg was torn down.[7] By October 2020, over a hundred Confederate symbols had been "removed, relocated or renamed," as the Huffington Post put it, based on data from the Southern Poverty Law Center.[8]

In the United Kingdom, removal efforts and vandalism focused on memorials to figures involved in the transatlantic slave trade, British colonialism, and eugenics.[9][10] In Belgium, sculptures of King Leopold II were targeted due to his rule during the atrocities in the Congo Free State. In New Zealand, a statue of a British military officer John Hamilton was removed, and in India another colonial-era statue was relocated. In South Africa a bust of Cecil Rhodes was decapitated, and a statue of the last president of the Orange Free State was taken down.

Some observers, including Cardinal Timothy M. Dolan, have compared the vandalism and destruction of monuments and memorials to the period of iconoclasm in the former Soviet Union, or the Cultural Revolution in the People's Republic of China.[11][12] U.S. president Donald Trump denounced the actions against statues as part of a "left-wing cultural revolution" to "wipe out our history", and proposed the creation of a National Garden of American Heroes.[13][14]

This list is limited to successful removals, and instances in which a person or body with authority has committed itself to removal. It does not include the many works that have been the subject of petitions, protests, defacement, or attempted removals, such as the Emancipation Memorial in Washington, D.C.,[15] and many statues of Leopold II in Belgium.

Sculptures and other monuments

The following monuments and memorials were removed during the George Floyd protests, mainly due to their connections to racism. The majority are in the United States and mostly commemorate the Confederate States of America (CSA), but some monuments were also removed in other countries, for example the statues of slave traders in the United Kingdom.

Notes:

  •   The monument or memorial is scheduled to be removed but is still standing.
  •   The monument or memorial has been reinstated.
  • Dates are in 2020 unless otherwise specified.

United States

The following monuments and memorials were removed during the George Floyd protests due to their association with racism in the United States. Most commemorated people involved in the Lost Cause of the Confederacy, with others linked to the genocide of Native Americans, segregation in the United States, and related issues.

In a few instances, like the Montgomery County Confederate Soldiers Monument and the Statue of John Mason, the monuments had already been moved from their original location, sometimes more than once, as different venues objected.

Confederate monuments

The Confederate States of America fought a four-year war (the American Civil War) to preserve the institution of slavery. After its defeat, all enslaved African Americans were freed and became citizens with the right to vote and hold office. Confederate monuments commemorate politicians, Army officers, and soldiers of the Confederacy. Most are in the former CSA states.

There are 84 entries in this table, as of August 28. It does not include Virginia, which is in a second table that follows.

This is a sortable table. Click on the top of the column you want the table sorted by.

Monument/memorial City State Removal announced Removed Means of removal Notes Ref.
Statue of Charles Linn Birmingham Alabama May 31 Toppled by protesters Toppled by protesters who unsuccessfully attempted to remove the nearby Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument. [16]
Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument Birmingham Alabama May 31 June 1 Removed by city The mayor said that the $25,000 fine for violating the Alabama Memorial Preservation Act was more affordable than the cost of continued unrest. The fine was paid by July 10. [17]
[18]
[19]
[20]
Bust of Robert E. Lee Fort Myers Florida June 1 June 1 Removed by Sons of Confederate Veterans Removed from downtown by its owner, the Sons of Confederate Veterans. [21]
Statue of Robert E. Lee at Robert E. Lee High School Montgomery Alabama June 1 Toppled by protesters Four people were charged with felony criminal mischief over removal of this statue. [22]
Bentonville Confederate Monument Bentonville Arkansas June 1 September 2 Plans for removal by United Daughters of the Confederacy Removal announced during protests [23]

[24]

Athens Confederate Monument Athens Georgia June 2 August 10 Removed by the city The mayor and city commissioners announced plans to remove the monument. [25]
[26]
[27]
Nash County Confederate Monument Rocky Mount North Carolina June 2 June 30 Dismantled and placed in storage The City Council of Rocky Mount voted to remove the monument. [28]

[29]

Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument Indianapolis Indiana June 4 June 8 Removed by city A resolution to remove the monument passed the Indianapolis Parks Board in 2017, but was not funded. The mayor announced it would be removed. [30]
[31]
[32]
Statue of Raphael Semmes Mobile Alabama June 5 June 5 Removed by city Statue of Confederate Navy Admiral Raphael Semmes removed from downtown on orders of Mayor Sandy Stimpson. The $25,000 fine was paid by July 10. [33]
[34]
[20]
Statue of Sam Davis Nashville Tennessee June 5 June 12 Removed by school Statue of Confederate soldier Sam Davis removed from the campus of Montgomery Bell Academy. [35]

[36]

John B. Castleman Monument Louisville Kentucky June 8 June 8 Removed by city Statue of John Breckinridge Castleman removed to be placed at his burial at Cave Hill Cemetery. [37]
Jacksonville Confederate Monument Jacksonville Florida June 9 June 9 Removed by city Overnight removed the monument from a Confederate monument in Hemming Park, leaving an empty pedestal. [38]
Denton Confederate Soldier Monument Denton Texas June 9 June 25 Removed by county Denton County commissioners voted to remove and relocate the monument. [39]
[40]
[41]
The Grandstand
Confederate Memorial Services
Jacksonville Florida June 9 Plans for removal by city Mayor announced removal of all Confederate monuments, memorials, and markers, including this in Old City Cemetery. [42]
Confederate Monument Fort Worth Texas June 9 June 13 Removed by Tarrant County County commission voted to remove the monument in front of Tarrant County Courthouse. [43]
[44]
Florida's Tribute to the Women of the Confederacy Jacksonville Florida June 9 Plans for removal by city Mayor announced removal of all Confederate monuments, memorials, and markers, including this one in Confederate Park. [42]
Multiple historic markers Jacksonville Florida June 10 Plans for removal by Mayor Lenny Curry Announced plans to remove all Confederate monuments including these 8 items: Maple Leaf at Northbank Riverwalk, Maple Leaf at Walter Jones Historical Park, Florida Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Home marker in Old City Cemetery, Line of Entrenchment at old Jacksonville Terminal, Skirmish At Cedar Creek at Lenox Avenue, 1914 United Confederate Veteran's Reunion at Confederate Park, 23 informational signs and 58 tree signs at Camp Milton Historic Preserve, and In Memory of Our Beloved Ancestors – Ground Marker at Old City Cemetery. [42]
Confederate Soldier Memorial Huntsville Alabama June 10 October 23 Removal authorized by unanimous vote of Madison County Commission. State review committee said they did not have legal authority to authorize removal; referred to Alabama Attorney General. Activists have raised $25,000 to pay the fine, if removed illegally. The memorial, constructed in 1905, is located in front of the Madison County Courthouse. The county would be fined $25,000 if it removed the memorial without state approval under a 2017 law designed to protect historical structures and monuments. The statue, which was owned by the United Daughters of the Confederacy, was gradually removed between 1:20 am and 4:45 am on October 23, 2020 [45]
[20]
[46]
[47]
Gloria Victis Salisbury North Carolina June 11 July 6–7 Two unanimous votes by city council, plus police chief declared it a risk to public safety June 20, UDC signed the city's proposal to have the sculpture moved to Old Lutheran Cemetery. [48]
[49]
[50]
Spirit of the Confederacy Houston Texas June 11 June 17 Removed by city To be moved to the Houston Museum of African American Culture. [51]
[52]
[53]
Statue of Richard W. Dowling Houston Texas June 11 June 17 Removed by city, disassembled and placed in storage Initial plans to relocate the statue of Dick Dowling to Sabine Pass Battleground State Historic Site were scuttled following objections by the mayor of Port Arthur. Final disposition uncertain. [54]
[51]

[55]

Gadsden Confederate Memorial Quincy Florida June 11 June 11 Crane to remove it appeared 30 minutes after county commissioners' unanimous vote. Removed from the front of the Gadsden County Courthouse. Will be relocated within six months. [56]
[57]
[58]
Confederate War Memorial Dallas Texas June 12 June 24 Removed by city Placed in storage to prevent protester injuries during potential vandalism attempts, pending resolution of preexisting legal dispute over disposition. [59]

[60]

DeKalb County Confederate Monument Decatur Georgia June 12 June 18 Monument removal ordered by Georgia Superior Court Justice The monument was ordered removed by Superior Court Justice Clarence Seeliger on the grounds that it constituted a public nuisance under the Georgia code. [61]
[62]
Statue of Jefferson Davis Frankfort Kentucky June 12 June 13 Removed by state The Historic Properties Advisory Commission voted to move the statue from the capitol rotunda to the Jefferson Davis State Historic Site. Removed the following day. [63]
Stand Watie and Confederate Soldier Fountain Tahlequah Oklahoma June 13 June 13 Removed by Cherokee Nation Watie headed the Confederate-allied Cherokee. The fountain was dedicated in 1913 by the Daughters of the Confederacy rather than the Cherokee Nation. [64]
Stand Watie Monument Tahlequah Oklahoma June 13 June 13 Removed by Cherokee Nation The monument was dedicated in 1921 by the Daughters of the Confederacy rather than the Cherokee Nation. [64]
Pitt County Confederate Soldiers Monument Greenville North Carolina June 15 June 22 Removed by county County, which owns the statue, voted to remove immediately under "reason of threatened public safety". [65]
[66]
Washington County, Mississippi Confederate Monument Greenville Mississippi June 16 County commission voted 4–1 to move the monument from its position in front of courthouse. [67]
Iberville Parish Confederate Monument Plaquemine Louisiana June 16 Parish Council voted unanimously for removal. [68]
[69]
Zebulon Baird Vance Monument Asheville North Carolina June 16 Scaffolding built, monument shrouded on July 9. Asheville City Council and Buncombe County Council City and County councils both unanimously passed a joint-resolution to remove monument. United Daughters of the Confederacy must remove it immediately, or the city and county will remove it. [70]
[71]
Montgomery County Confederate Soldiers Monument White's Ferry, Dickerson Maryland June 16 Removed by private owner, who also renamed Gen. Jubal A. Early ferry boat. Until 2017, had stood in front of the Montgomery County courthouse in Rockville, Maryland. [72]
Hey Reb! Las Vegas Nevada June 16 June 16 Removed by the University of Nevada, Las Vegas The statue is a representation of Hey Reb!, the mascot of the UNLV Rebels. It was donated to the university in 2007 and was situated outside the Richard Tam Alumni Center before its removal. [73]
Monument to 60th Regiment NC Volunteers and Battle of Chickamauga Asheville North Carolina June 17 July 14 Removed by Buncombe County Commission Formerly located in front of the county courthouse. [74]
[75]
[76]
Robert E. Lee Dixie Highway, Colonel John Connally Marker Asheville North Carolina June 17 July 10 Removed jointly Buncombe County Commission and City of Asheville Placed in storage. Base left for any future use of the site. [74]
[77]
Confederate Cow Calvary Monument Plant City Florida June 18 June 11 (one week before announcement) Removed by city council, placed in storage Monument to 1st Florida Special Cavalry Battalion also known as the "Cow Calvary" due to them protecting farmlands during the war. Monument was placed by United Daughters of the Confederacy in 2007 on public land without city approval. City requesting UDC to retrieve monument from storage. [78]
Jefferson Davis Memorial Boulder Brownsville Texas June 17 Removed by city Removed from Washington Park. [79]
Robert E. Lee Highway Marker San Diego California June 18 Removed by San Diego Parks and Recreation and Stockdale Capital Partners The marker was located in the Horton Plaza Park prior to its removal. [80]
Memorial to Company A, Capitol Guards Little Rock Arkansas June 18 Removed by city The statue will be placed in storage until a location can be found for it. [81]
North Carolina State Confederate Monument Raleigh North Carolina June 19 June 19 Two statues toppled by protesters; remainder removed by work crew Protesters pulled down the two statues at the base of the monument, dragging one through the streets and hanging it from a street light. Removal of remainder ordered by Governor Roy Cooper shortly afterward. [82]
[83]
Albert Pike Memorial Washington District of Columbia June 19 Toppled and set afire by protesters during Juneteenth The statue was wrapped in chains before it was toppled. The D.C. government wanted to remove the work in 2017, but could not do so without an act of Congress. [84]
[85]
[86]
[87]
Pine Bluff Confederate Monument Pine Bluff Arkansas June 20 June 20 County judge and United Daughters of the Confederacy The statue was removed from the Jefferson County Courthouse as part of a cooperative agreement between Jefferson County Judge Gerald Robinson and the United Daughters of the Confederacy. The statue was transferred to an undisclosed location where it can be cleaned and repaired [88]
Statue of Henry Lawson Wyatt Raleigh North Carolina June 21 Removed by governor's order Removal ordered by Governor Roy Cooper after protesters removed statues at base of Confederate Monument. [83]
Monument to North Carolina Women of the Confederacy[lower-alpha 1] Raleigh North Carolina June 21 Removed by governor's order Removal ordered by Governor Roy Cooper after protesters removed statues at base of Confederate Monument. [83]
Confederate Soldiers' Memorial Bridge sign and statue Clarksville Tennessee Week of June 15 Removed by city The sign and monument were allegedly removed for their own protection. [89]
Confederate soldier grave marker Silver Spring Maryland June 17 Toppled by protesters The statue was located at Grace Episcopal Church. It marked the remains of seventeen unidentified Confederate soldiers killed during the Battle of Fort Stevens. [90]
Confederate Monument Oxford Mississippi June 18 July 14 Relocated by University of Mississippi The statue was previously located in front of the university's main administration building. It was the site of a pro-segregation riot in 1962 and a pro-Confederate protest in 2019. The statue was previously vandalized by protesters. It will be moved to a Confederate cemetery on campus. [91]
[92]
Confederate Memorial Obelisk St. Augustine Florida June 22 City commissioners voted 3–2 on June 22, 2020 to move the obelisk. [93]
"To our Confederate dead" monument Louisburg North Carolina June 22 June 29 Removed by city Louisburg Town Council voted to move the monument to Oakwood Cemetery. [94]
[95]
Leflore County Confederate Monument Greenwood Mississippi June 23 County commission voted unanimously to move monument from in front of courthouse. [96]
Our Confederate Soldiers Beaumont Texas June 23 June 29 City Council of Beaumont voted to remove it. [97]
[98]
Warrenton County Confederate Soldiers Monument Warrenton North Carolina June 23 June 24 Removed by county, placed in storage County commissioners unanimously voted to remove monument [99]
The Granville Gray Oxford North Carolina June 24 June 24 Removed by county, placed in storage Granville County commissioners voted to remove monument after threats were made to topple monument. County announced that they would vote later on where to relocate monument [100]
Judah Benjamin marker Charlotte North Carolina June 24 Removed by city The marker consisted of black granite and located near a sidewalk. It was paid for by a local synagogue in the late 1940s. A local branch of the Daughters of the Confederacy initially proposed placing the marker, but they ceased support after being told not to work with Jews by a New York banker. [101]
Lenoir County Confederate Monument Kinston North Carolina June 25 July 1 Removed by Lenoir County Board of Commissioners The statue was relocated from the Lenoir County visitor's center to the First Battle of Kinston Civil War Battlefield Park. This the fifth time the statue has been moved. [102]
Confederate Memorial Wilmington North Carolina Not announced June 25 Temporarily removed by city [103]
George Davis Monument Wilmington North Carolina Not announced June 25 Temporarily removed by city Davis was a Confederate senator and Attorney General. [103]
Confederate Memorial Minden Louisiana Not announced June 26 Removed by owner, United Daughters of the Confederacy [104]
Confederate Monument Fayetteville North Carolina Not announced June 27 Removed by owner, United Daughters of the Confederacy [105]
Monument to Confederate Dead (Haymount area) Fayetteville North Carolina Not announced June 27 Removed by owners, Sons of Confederate Veterans and United Daughters of the Confederacy [106]
Lowndes County, Alabama, Confederate Monument Hayneville Alabama June 29 Removal ordered by county The memorial is located near the Lowndes County Courthouse. The county expects to be fined under the Alabama Memorial Preservation Act. [107]
Kanawha Riflemen memorial Charleston West Virginia June 29 June 29 Removed by city The monument consisted of a standing commemorative plaque connected to two stone benches; the benches were not removed. [108]
Statue of Confederate soldier Frederick Maryland June 29 (discovered) Toppled and beheaded; not likely to be repaired [109]
Rockdale County Confederate Monument Conyers Georgia June 30 Removed by Rockdale County Commission [110]
[111]
[112]
Confederate Monument Orangeburg South Carolina June 30 Removal requires a 23 vote of the South Carolina Legislature. Orangeville City Council voted unanimously for removal. [113]
Confederate Monument (Cross Creek Cemetery) Fayetteville North Carolina June 30 Removed by owner The oldest Confederate monument in North Carolina. [114]
Slave whipping post Georgetown Delaware June 29 July 1 Removed by state [115]
Statue of Alfred Mouton Lafayette Louisiana July 1 Lafayette mayor made public statement; asks 1980 injunction be lifted [116]
Two statues commemorating specific events McConnellsburg Pennsylvania July 2 The first statue is a historical marker commemorating a skirmish that killed two Confederate soldiers separated from their unit. The second memorial commemorates a meal given to Confederate soldiers by McConnellsburg residents after the 1864 burning of Chambersburg. Two historical markers, noting the same events, were also removed. [117]
Mt. Zion Confederate Monument Cornelius North Carolina July 2 Church Board asked for its removal [118]
Monument to Confederate Brigadier General Albert G. Jenkins Hampden Township Pennsylvania July 3 (confirmed) Removed by owner of land [119]
Statue of Benjamin Welch Owens Lothian Maryland July 3 (discovered) Toppled by protesters The statue was also vandalized in June. [120]
United Confederate Veterans Memorial Seattle Washington July 3/4 Toppled by protesters The monument was toppled by unknown persons, apparently on July 3, 2020. In the process, the lower ends of both formerly vertical columns were broken in multiple places. [121]
Judah P. Benjamin Monument Sarasota Florida Mid-June July 5 Removed by city manager Removed along with a marker dedicated to Benjamin. [122]
Cape Girardeau Confederate Memorial Cape Girardeau Missouri August 20 Removed by city council [123]
Bolivar County Confederate Monument Cleveland Mississippi July 6 County Commissioners voted unanimously to relocate the statue [124]
Lowndes County, Mississippi, Confederate soldier Columbus Mississippi July 6 County Commissioners voted unanimously to relocate the statue. [124]
Greensboro Confederate Statue (Green Hill Cemetery) Greensboro North Carolina July 6 July 7 Toppled by protesters; moved to storage [125]
[126]
Lee Square Confederate Monument Pensacola Florida July 7 The City of Pensacola is calling for its removal. Lee Square may also be renamed Florida Square. The monument was vandalized with red paint on the night of June 29. [127]
[128] Removal of monument began on October 26 with the removal of the 42 ft. monument's 8 ft. statue portion.[129]
Henry County Confederate Monument McDonough Georgia July 7 July 29 Removed by county commissions Disassembled, base still remains currently [130]

[131]

Anson County Courthouse Confederate monument Wadesboro North Carolina July 7 July 8 Removed by county [132]
Marker of Jefferson Davis Highway Hwy. 99 near Bakersfield California July 8 June 17 (three weeks before announcement) Moved by county to storage area at Kern County Museum [133]
Statue of Henry Watkins Allen Port Allen Louisiana July 8 The Port Allen City Council has requested that West Baton Rouge Parish remove the statue. [134]
Nathan Bedford Forrest Bust Nashville Tennessee July 9 Tennessee Capital Commission voted to relocate bust Bust currently located at state capital. Plan is to relocate to a museum, likely not until 2021 [135]
Bust of Charles Didier Dreux New Orleans Louisiana July 10 Toppled by protesters; city has not announced plans for the statue Bust commemorating Confederate officer Charles Didier Dreux. The nose had previously been chiseled off the statue by protesters [136]
David O. Dodd memorial bench and historical marker Little Rock Arkansas July 10 July 9 or 10 Removed by city The two structures were previously located in MacArthur Park. They honored Dodd, a 17 year-old executed by the Union for spying for the Confederacy. [137]
1929 Confederate Reunion Marker Charlotte North Carolina July 10 Removed at direction of county commissioner, placed in storage Marker commemorated a reunion with confederate veterans in 1929. Marker has previously been vandalized in recent years and had glass enclosure placed around it to protect it. Glass case left empty. [138]
Sampson County Confederate Monument Clinton North Carolina Not announced July 11 Damaged by protesters after the city council passed a resolution asking the county to remove it [139]
Pasquotank County Confederate Monument Elizabeth City North Carolina July 13 Removal ordered by county [140]
Leonard Park Confederate Monument Gainesville Texas July 14 Unanimous vote of city council Plan to relocate monument to Grayson County Frontier Village historical site in Denison, Texas. [141]
[142]
Madison County Confederate Monument Madison Florida July 14 Blacks on the County Commission voted for removal, whites to leave it. [143]
Confederate soldier memorial Macon Georgia July 14 The City is moving it, but how to pay for the substantial cost is unresolved. It will be relocated to Whittle Park. On the site of a former slave market. In a second phase of statue removal, the County's Women of the South memorial may be moved. [144]
Caddo Parish Confederate Monument Shreveport Louisiana July 20 Parish commission and UDC agreed to move monument to different location, pending agreement on new location Parish to build wooden box around monument to protect and cover structure before its relocation [145]
Memorial to Arizona Confederate troops Phoenix Arizona July 22 July 23 Removed by UDC overnight UDC requested to take back monument from public property and find new location on private property [146]
Jefferson Davis Memorial Highway marker Gold Canyon Arizona July 22 July 23 Removed by UDC overnight UDC requested to take back monument from public property and find new location on private property [146]
Caldwell County Confederate Monument Lockhart Texas July 28 County commission approved removal Plans to relocate statue to Caldwell County Museum [147]
Gaston County Confederate Monument Gastonia North Carolina August 4 County commission voted to relocate statue Monument currently in front of courthouse. SCV has 6 months to submit a proposal for the monument's new location [148]
Daviess County Confederate Monument Owensboro Kentucky August 6 County Fiscal Court voted to relocate monument Fiscal Court set up a relocation committee to plan for the removal and find a new location. Monument currently in front of the courthouse. [149]
Monument to William Wing Loring St. Augustine Florida Not announced Night of August 23–24 Removed by University of Florida, which owns the land it was on. Loring was a Confederate general. [150]
Historic marker states that under the Confederacy, Bowling Green was the capital of Kentucky Bowling Green Kentucky Not announced c.August 25 Removed by Western Kentucky University administration. Frankfort remained the Union capital and controlled much more of Kentucky than the shadow Confederate government of Kentucky. [151]
[152]
Putnam County Confederate Monument Palatka Florida August 25 Putnam County Commissioners voted 4–1 for the move to a new location not yet chosen. [153]
The South's Defenders Lake Charles Louisiana August 27 Calcasieu Parish Police Jury voted 10–4 to keep monument Two weeks after the vote, Hurricane Laura knocked the monument's statue off its base. [154]
John Pelham Monument Anniston Alabama early September September 27 In September 2020, the Anniston, Alabama city council voted 4–1 to remove a monument of Confederate artillery officer John Pelham located in the grassy median of a major public avenue in Anniston since 1905. Anniston Mayor Jack Draper previously called for its removal in June 2020 On September 27, construction workers successfully removed the stone obelisk monument late in the evening. However, there were still plans to relocate it to a Confederate history park. [155]
Stonewall Jackson Monument San Diego California July 23 July 23 Removed at the request of the United Daughters of the Confederacy. Confederate monument removed from plot in city-owned cemetery where Union and Confederate soldiers are buried. Monument has been the target of petitions for removal since 2017. [156]
[157]
Uptown Square Confederate Monument Lexington North Carolina October 14 October 16 Removed at the request of the United Daughters of the Confederacy. Despite objections from Davidson County Commissioners, the Confederate monument which stood at the city square in Lexington since 1902 was removed after the Davidson County Superior Court allowed for the city and the Daughters of the Confederacy to have it removed from this location. The statue would be removed from the city square late at night for an almost five hour period on October 15–16. [158]
Virginia

Virginia, where the CSA had its capital in Richmond, has the most Confederate monuments of any U.S. state. A March 2020 change in the law of Virginia had already essentially repealed the statute preventing removal of historical monuments, effective from July 1, 2020. This change became possible when voters, after electing the Democrat Ralph Northam as Governor in 2017, gave the Democrats control of both houses of the Virginia General Assembly from January 2020, for the first time in a generation.[159]

Monument/memorial City State Removal announced Removed Means of removal Notes Ref.
Appomattox Alexandria Virginia May 31 Removed by United Daughters of the Confederacy The owner, United Daughters of the Confederacy, moved the date up because of the protests. [160]
Norfolk Confederate Monument Norfolk Virginia June 2 June 16 Removed by city City Council approved removal; located at a former slave auction site. Johnny Reb statue atop the monument removed June 12; rest of monument removed by June 16. [161]
[162]
[163]
Robert E. Lee Monument Richmond Virginia June 3 Plans for removal by state Governor announced removal "as soon as possible"; monument on state land. [164]
[165]
J. E. B. Stuart Monument Richmond Virginia June 3 July 7 Removed by City of Richmond[166] Planned removal of the four Confederate monuments on city land.[167] After the J. E. B. Stuart statue was removed, the Robert E. Lee statue became the last remaining Confederate monument located on Richmond's Monument Avenue.[168]
Stonewall Jackson Monument Richmond Virginia June 3 July 1 Removed by City of Richmond Planned removal of the four Confederate monuments on city land. [167]

[169]

Matthew Fontaine Maury Monument Richmond Virginia June 3 July 2 Removed by City of Richmond One of the four Confederate monuments on city land. [167]
Slave Auction Block Fredericksburg Virginia 2019 June 5 Removed by city A slave auction block was removed from the downtown and will be displayed in the Fredericksburg Area Museum. [170]
Robert E. Lee Memorial Roanoke Virginia June 5 July 23 Toppled and damaged by protester, city removed monument afterwards City Council had voted earlier to start the legal process to remove the monument and rename Lee Plaza. City will keep monument in storage until fate of statue is determined [171]

[172]

Statue of Williams Carter Wickham Richmond Virginia June 6 Toppled by protesters Pulled from its base and tumbled to the ground. [173]
Jefferson Davis Memorial Richmond Virginia June 3 June 10 Statue of Davis toppled by protesters; the rest of the memorial was not damaged Planned removal of the four Confederate monuments on city land. Protesters toppled the statue from its plinth on June 10. [167]
[174]
Confederate Monument Portsmouth Virginia June 9 June 10 Four statues decapitated and one pulled down by protesters City campaign to remove it already underway. [175]
[176]
Plaques and stained-glass windows at St. Paul's Episcopal Church Richmond Virginia June 14 Removal approved by vestry of seven plaques 'associated with the Lost Cause era and ideology' and rededicate the stained-glass windows installed as memorials to Robert E. Lee, Jefferson Davis, and their families This is the church Lee and Davis attended in Richmond; Jefferson Davis was a member. The windows and plaques contain no battle flags or Confederate imagery. [177]
Howitzer Monument Richmond Virginia June 16 June 16 Toppled by protesters Pulled off its pedestal by a rope. Was located near Virginia Commonwealth University's Monroe Park campus. [178]
Loudoun County Confederate monument Leesburg Virginia June 26 July 21 Removed overnight by UDC County had voted to remove monument [179]

[180]

Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument Richmond Virginia July 1 July 8 Removed by city The sixth city-owned Confederate monument ordered removed by Richmond Mayor Levar Stoney on July 1. [181]
Two Confederate cannons Richmond Virginia July 2 Removed by city One of the cannons was located near the Arthur Ashe memorial; its plaque claimed that the cannon marked the second line of the Confederate defense of Richmond. The second cannon was located near the Jefferson Davis memorial. [182]
Fitzhugh Lee cross Richmond Virginia July 9 Removed by city Fitzhugh served as a Major General in the Confederate Army and later as the governor of Virginia. [183]
Statue of Joseph Bryan Richmond Virginia July 9 Removed by city Bryan owned the Richmond Times-Dispatch and served in Mosby's Rangers during the Civil War. [183]
Farmville Confederate statue Farmville Virginia June 15 June 18 Removal ordered by town council A pedestal supporting the soldier statue was not removed. The statue was placed in offsite storage pending final disposition or relocation. [184]
Bust of Hunter Holmes McGuire Richmond Virginia July 16 Committee at Virginia Commonwealth University recommended removing bust from library along with removing several plagues and renaming several buildings around campus [185]
Virginia Beach Confederate monument Virginia Beach Virginia July 23 July 25 Removed by city council Placed in storage, city will solicit proposals from museums for relocations [186]
Statue of Robert E. Lee
Busts of Fitzhugh Lee, J. E. B. Stuart, Stonewall Jackson, Joseph E. Johnston, Jefferson Davis and Alexander Stephens
Plaque for Thomas Bocock
Richmond Virginia July 24 July 24 Removed by order of House Speaker Eileen Filler-Corn One statue, six busts, and one plaque commemorating Confederate leaders were removed from the Virginia State Capitol's Old House Chamber, where rebel leaders met when Richmond was the capitol of the Confederacy. Filler-Corn announced the creation of an advisory group to propose new memorials for the House. [187]
Company H monument Newport News Virginia August 12 City Council voted 6–1 to remove The monument for the Confederate veterans of Company H, 32nd Virginia Infantry has been covered since June 11 [188]
Caroline County Confederate Monument Bowling Green Virginia August 25 The Caroline County Board of Supervisors voted unanimously to remove the monument. [189]
Confederate Memorial ("At Ready")
1909
Charlottesville Virginia September 12 Removed by county [190]

Genocide of indigenous peoples

Monuments dedicated to individuals accused of involvement in the genocide of indigenous peoples in the Americas have been removed.[191][192]

Juan de Oñate, when governor of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, was responsible for the 1599 Acoma Massacre. Junípero Serra, a Franciscan friar, was involved in enslaving Chumash people in the 18th century for the building and supplying of the Spanish missions in California.[193][194][195] Diego de Vargas, also governor of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, led the reconquest of the territory in 1692, after the Pueblo Revolt of 1680.

A handful of towns in Spain have offered to receive statues of Spaniards unwanted in the U.S.[196]

Monument/memorial City State Removal announced Removed Means of removal Notes Ref.
Equestrian statue of Juan de Oñate Alcalde New Mexico June 15 June 15 Temporarily removed by Río Arriba County authorities The right foot of the statue was cut off and stolen in 1997, in reference to Oñate's Acoma Massacre, in which the right foot of every male over 25 was cut off. [197]
[198]
Statue of Juan de Oñate Albuquerque New Mexico June 16 Removed by city pending a decision on next steps Statue in front of the Albuquerque Museum removed after an armed counter-protester shot a protester. [199]
[200]
Statue of Diego de Vargas Santa Fe New Mexico June 17 June 18 Removal ordered by the mayor Vargas is remembered for reconquering Santa Fe de Nuevo México after the Pueblo Revolt. The statue was removed from Cathedral Park under the direction of Mayor Alan Webber. [201]
Kit Carson Obelisk Santa Fe New Mexico June 18 Removal ordered by the mayor In front of federal courthouse [202]
Civil War Monument Denver Colorado June 25 June 25 Toppled by protesters The monument honors Colorado citizens who served in the Union Army. It listed battles against Native Americans in addition to battles against the Confederacy. Most controversially, it listed the Sand Creek massacre (a mass killing of Cheyenne and Arapaho Native Americans) as a battle. [203]
American Indian War Memorial, or Soldiers Monument
1867/1868
Santa Fe New Mexico June 25 October 12 Removal ordered by the mayor; toppled by protesters The obelisk in the Santa Fe Plaza commemorated battles against Native Americans (formerly referred to as "savage Indians" in the inscription) as well as Union soldiers in the Civil War. Destroyed during Indigenous Peoples' Day protests. [202]
[204]
[205]
[206]
Father Serra statue Ventura California July 15 July 26 Removal voted 6–0 by Ventura City Council (includes wooden replica by local carvers). Previously agreed to by the Mayor and representatives of the Barbareño/Ventureño Band of Mission Indians and Mission San Buenaventura. 1936 commission in front of Ventura County Courthouse by the Works Progress Administration as part of the Federal Art Project [207]
[208]
[209]
Statue of Junípero Serra San Francisco California June 19 June 19 Toppled by protesters Was installed in Golden Gate Park [210]
Statue of Junípero Serra Los Angeles California June 20 June 20 Toppled by protesters Was displayed on Olvera Street, the center of Los Angeles when it was Mexican. [211]
Statue of Junípero Serra San Luis Obispo California June 22 June 22 Removed by Catholic Church Was displayed on grounds of the San Luis Obispo Mission [212]
[213]
Statue of Junípero Serra Carmel California June 23 Removed by city as a safeguarding measure There are several statues of Serra in Carmel. This is the one by Jo Mora, at intersection of Serra Avenue with Camino Del Monte. [214]
Statue of Kit Carson, Pioneer Fountain Denver Colorado June 26 June 26 Removed by city The Carson statue was the third statue removed in Denver within two days; it was removed so as to prevent it from being toppled by protesters. [215]
Statue of Junípero Serra San Gabriel California Not announced About June 30 Moved from the front of the mission to its garden, described as "away from public view" [216]
Statue of Junípero Serra Sacramento California July 4 Toppled by protesters [217]
Statue of John Mason Windsor Connecticut July 6 City must get approval from state, which owns the statue, in order to move it to the Windsor Historical Society Mason is remembered for his role in the Pequot Massacre.
[218]
Statue of Alexander Andreyevich Baranov Sitka Alaska July 14 Sitka Assembly voted 6–1 to move the statue from the front of Harrigan Centennial Hall into the Sitka Historical Museum Baranov was a Chief Manager of the Russian-American Company involved in the Russian colonization of Alaska, including founding Sitka (as New Archangel) and Kodiak (as Pavlovskaya Gavan). He is said to have been involved in the genocide of the native Tlingit and Aleut people. [219]
[220]
Theodore Roosevelt, Rough Rider
Alexander Phimister Proctor, 1922
Portland Oregon October 11 Toppled by protesters Toppled in a protest (referred to as the "Indigenous Peoples Day of Rage") against Columbus Day. Roosevelt is recorded as having had a hostile attitude toward Native Americans. [221]
[222]
Statue of Abraham Lincoln
George Fite Waters, 1926
Portland Oregon October 11 Toppled by protesters This statue was toppled shortly after that of Roosevelt nearby. "Dakota 38" was spray-painted on the pedestal, a reference to Lincoln's approving the execution of 38 Dakota men after the Dakota War of 1862. [222]
[223]
Christopher Columbus

Several statues of Christopher Columbus, the initiator of the European colonization of the Americas, have been removed because of his alleged enslavement of and systemic violence against the indigenous peoples of the Caribbean, including the genocide of the Taíno people.

Monument/memorial City State Removal announced Removed Means of removal Notes Ref.
Statue
Ferruccio Legnaioli, 1926
Richmond Virginia June 9 June 9 Toppled by protesters The statue was toppled, lit on fire, and dumped in a nearby lake by protesters who stated that they were acting in solidarity with Native Americans. [224]
[225]
[226]
Statue
Carlo Brioschi, 1931
St. Paul Minnesota June 10 June 10 Toppled by protesters The statue, located next to the Minnesota State Capitol, was toppled by members of the American Indian Movement. [227]
[228]
Statue
Andrew J. Mazzola, 1979
Boston Massachusetts June 11 Decapitated by protesters, removed by city The statue was removed following vandalism and a review [229]
[230]
Statue
1915
Camden New Jersey June 11 June 11 Removed by city Removal ordered by mayor Frank Moran after many years of vandalism. [231]
[232]
Statue
Joe Incrapera, 1992
Houston Texas June 11 June 19 Removed by city The statue was removed from Bell Park a week after being vandalized with red paint and having a hand cut off. [233]
[234]
Statue
Armand Battelli, 1928
New London Connecticut June 11 Mayor ordered removal The statue will be removed pending a review [235]
[236]
Statue
Egidio Giaroli, 1957
Wilmington Delaware June 12 June 12 Removed by city Removal ordered by mayor Mike Purzycki to be stored while the display of the statue is discussed. [237]
[238]
Statue
Estelle Hampton Frierson and Stavros Alexander Chrysostomides, 1992
Columbia South Carolina June 12 June 12 Removed by city Removal and storage ordered by mayor Steve Benjamin and City Council. [239]
[240]
Statue
Mario Zamora, 1989
Chula Vista California June 12 City put statue in storage ahead of a protest Fate of statue will be decided by public forum [241]
[242]
Statue
Jerry T. Williams, 1996
Middletown Connecticut June 13 City of Middletown removed statue Statue was already slated to be stored due to maintenance work at the park [243]
[244]
Monument
1992
West Orange New Jersey June 13 Removal ordered by West Orange Mayor Robert Parisi No final removal date has yet been announced. [245]
Bust
Augusto Rivalta, 1910
Detroit Michigan June 15 June 15 Removed by city Removal and storage ordered by mayor Mike Duggan. [246]
[247]
Statue
Vincenzo Miserendino, 1926
Hartford Connecticut June 15 June 29 Mayor Luke Bronin announced that the statue near the Connecticut State Capitol would be removed. [248]
[249]
[250]
Statue
1952 (recast of an 1892 original)
New Haven Connecticut June 15 June 24 Removed by city [251]
[249]
[252]
Statue
Alfred Solani, c.1950s
Columbus Ohio June 16 June 19 Removal ordered by college Removal announced by Columbus State Community College's president of the board of trustees, to be stored while the future of the statue is discussed. [253]
[254]
[255]
Statue
Ferdinand von Miller II, 1884
St. Louis Missouri June 16 June 16 Removed by city Removal ordered by St. Louis Park Board [256]
[257]
Columbus' Last Appeal to Queen Isabella
Larkin Goldsmith Mead, 1868–1874
Sacramento California June 16 July 7 Removal ordered by California State Legislature The sculptural group, installed in the California State Capitol in 1883, shows Columbus persuading Isabella I of Castile to fund his 1492 voyage. [258]
[259]
[260]
[261]
[262]
Statue
Vittorio di Colbertaldo, 1957
San Francisco California June 18 June 18 Removed by the San Francisco Arts Commission The statue, located next to Coit Tower, was removed by the City ahead of a planned Juneteenth protest to throw it into the San Francisco Bay. [263]
Statue
Edoardo Alfieri, 1955
Columbus Ohio June 18 July 1 Removal ordered by city Removal announced by the City of Columbus. [264]
[265]
[266]
Statue
Emanuele Caroni, c.1875
Philadelphia Pennsylvania June 24 Removal announced by Philadelphia Mayor Jim Kenney. Shrouded. Needs approval of Philadelphia Art Commission, meeting July 22. [267]
[268]
Statue
c.1940
Norwalk Connecticut June 25 June 25 Removed by city [269]
[270]
Statue
Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, 1893
Providence Rhode Island June 25 To be moved to storage area by city. [271]
[272]
Statue
Giuseppe Ciochetti, 1927
Newark New Jersey June 25 June 25 Removed by city The statue was removed from Washington Park due to the risk of people injuring themselves trying to topple it. The statue will be kept in storage until a final determination is reached regarding the statue's fate. [273]
[274]
Statue
William F. Joseph, 1970
Denver Colorado June 26 June 26 Removed by protesters The statue was originally placed in front of the Denver Civic Center in the 1970s. [275]
[276]
Statue
Gaetano Chiaromonte, 1958
Atlantic City New Jersey June 28 Being removed "to avert potential vandalism" [277]
[278]
Statue
Armando Dattelli, 1957
San Antonio Texas June 30 July 1 Removed by city [279]
[280]
[281]
Statue
Frank Gaylord, 1984
Waterbury Connecticut July 4 (reported) Decapitated Located outside Waterbury City Hall [282]
[283]
Statue
Mauro Bigarani, 1984
Baltimore Maryland July 4 Toppled by protesters After the statue was toppled from its base, it was dumped into Baltimore's Inner Harbor. [284]
Statue
Clemente Spampinato, 1964
Bridgeport Connecticut Not announced July 6 Removed by city Placed in storage following removal. [285]
[286]
[287]
Statue
1992
Columbus Wisconsin July 6 City Council voted to put it in storage until another home is found [288]
[289]
Statue
1959
Trenton New Jersey July 7 July 8 Removed by city [290]
Relief on the Italian Heritage Monument Norwich Connecticut June 24 Planned for September Removal ordered by Norwich Italian Heritage & Cultural Community The portrayal of Columbus was ordered to be removed in order to protect the monument from vandalism. The relief will be replaced with a statement honoring Italian immigrants to Norwich. [291]
Statue
Giovanni Polizzi, 1952
Buffalo New York July 10 July 10 Removed by city Columbus Park, where the statue was located, will be renamed as well. [292]
[293]
Statue
Carlo Brioschi, 1933
Statue
Moses Jacob Ezekiel, 1891

Chicago Illinois July 24 July 24 Removed by city Statues in Grant Park and Little Italy's Arrigo Park ordered removed by Mayor Lori Lightfoot amid continued protests and the deployment of federal forces to Chicago over Lightfoot's objections. [294]
[295]
[296]
[297]
Statue
Richard Henry Park, 1893
Chicago Illinois July 31 July 30 Removed by city A 7-foot tall statue of Columbus, part of the Drake Fountain, was removed on the orders of Mayor Lori Lightfoot. It was the last known monument to Columbus in the city. [298]
[299]

Others

Monument/memorial City State Removal announced Removed Means of removal Notes Ref.
Statue of Edward W. Carmack Nashville Tennessee May 30 Toppled by protesters Senator Carmack was an opponent of Ida B. Wells and encouraged retaliation for her support of the civil rights movement. [300]
Statue of Frank Rizzo Philadelphia Pennsylvania June 3 Removed by city. Mural of Rizzo painted over (see below, under Other works of art). At about 2 am, the statue of Philadelphia police chief and mayor Frank Rizzo was removed. [301]
[302]
[303]
One Riot, One Ranger Dallas Texas June 4 June 4 Removed by city Statue model helped prevent black students from enrolling in public schools. [304]
[305]
[306]
Statue of Orville L. Hubbard Dearborn Michigan June 5 Hubbard, the mayor of Dearborn for 35 years, was an outspoken segregationist. [307]
Statue of Jerry Richardson Charlotte North Carolina June 10 June 10 Removed by Carolina Panthers Richardson was alleged to be racist and sexist. The statue was removed from the Bank of America Stadium for fear it would be destroyed by protesters. [308]
Bust of Avery Brundage San Francisco California Removed by museum Brundage was a founding patron of the Asian Art Museum, Alleged white supremacist and anti-semite as well as 5th IOC president who expelled Tommie Smith and John Carlos from the 1968 Summer Olympics for raising black-gloved fists while on the podium. Bust moved from prominent position in foyer of museum to storage. [309]
[310]
[311]
Richmond Police Memorial Richmond Virginia June 11 June 11 Removed by city after being vandalized by protesters Dedicated to Richmond police officers who lost their lives in the line of duty. Removed from Byrd Park after repeated vandalization. The mayor's office stated the statue would be restored and reinstalled. [312]
Statue of Philip Schuyler Albany New York June 11 Plans for removal by city Removal ordered by mayor Kathy Sheehan due to the fact that Schuyler owned slaves. [313]
Delaware Law Enforcement Memorial Dover Delaware June 12 Vandalized by protesters, removed by city for restoration Statue partially decapitated. The adjacent memorial wall was unaffected. [314]
Equestrian statue of Caesar Rodney Wilmington Delaware June 12 June 12 Removed by city Rodney was a slave owner. Removal ordered by mayor Mike Purzycki to be stored while the display of the statue is discussed. [238]
Bust of John McDonogh New Orleans Louisiana June 13 Removed by protesters Protesters removed the bust from Duncan Plaza and rolled it into the Mississippi River. [315]
The Pioneer Eugene Oregon June 13 Toppled and dragged by protesters The University of Oregon placed its two Pioneer statues in storage on June 14[316] [317]
The Pioneer Mother Eugene Oregon June 13 Toppled by protesters The University of Oregon placed its two Pioneer statues in storage on June 14[316] [317]
Statue of Thomas Jefferson at Jefferson High School Portland Oregon June 14 Toppled after Black Lives Matter protest, allegedly by people unassociated with protest 1916 bronze replica of 1911 statue by Karl Bitter [318]
Statue of Josephus Daniels Raleigh North Carolina June 16 June 16 Removed by Daniels's descendants The statue was located near The News & Observer building, which is scheduled to be demolished. Daniels's family claims to have acted on their own accord rather than on pressure from activists, and will keep the statue in storage until a decision is made on its ultimate fate. [319]
Statue of John Sutter Sacramento California June 16 June 16 Removed by Sutter Health The statue was located in front of Sutter General Hospital. Sutter was a California Gold Rush pioneer who enslaved Native Americans. [320]
Captain William Clark Monument
See image
Portland Oregon June 17–18 Removed by the University of Portland The university removed the monument "as a precaution". [321]
Statue of George Washington Portland Oregon June 18 Toppled by protesters [322]
Statue of Francis Scott Key San Francisco California June 18 Toppled by protesters Part of a group of statues toppled in Golden Gate Park. [210]
Bust of Ulysses S. Grant San Francisco California June 18 Toppled by protesters Part of a group of statues toppled in Golden Gate Park. [210]
Statue of Calvin Griffith Minneapolis Minnesota Removed by Minnesota Twins Griffith was the former owner of the Minnesota Twins; the statue was removed due to racist statements made by Griffith in 1978 suggesting he moved the team to Minnesota due to the low number of African-American residents. [323]
Monument to George Preston Marshall Washington District of Columbia June 19 Removed by Events DC Removed from Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium. Washington Redskins' front office was not consulted. [324]
[325]
[326]
[327]
Statue of Thomas Jefferson Decatur Georgia June 19 June 19 Removed by city The statue was previously located in front of the old city courthouse. A city official claimed the statue was removed to protect it from damage. [328]
Equestrian Statue of Theodore Roosevelt New York City New York June 20 Theodore Roosevelt on horseback accompanied by walking figures of two men, one a Native American and one African; in front of the American Museum of Natural History [329]
[330]
Forward Madison Wisconsin June 23 Removed by protesters "Forward" is the motto of the state of Wisconsin. A 1998 bronze replica of a commissioned 1893 work of the Wisconsin female artist Jean Pond Miner. [331]
John C. Calhoun Monument Charleston South Carolina June 22 June 23 Removed by city Calhoun was a leading advocate of slavery. The statue may be placed back on display at "an appropriate site" such as a museum. [332]
Statue of Thomas Jefferson Hempstead New York June 23 Moved by university Statue at Hofstra University moved from student center main entrance to university museum. [333]
Statue of Hans Christian Heg Madison Wisconsin June 23 Removed by protesters Heg was a Union Army colonel in the Civil War, and an abolitionist. His statue was decapitated and thrown into a lake by protesters. Two protesters interviewed by the media alleged that toppling the statue was to draw attention to their view of Wisconsin as being racially unjust. [334]
[7]
[335]
Emancipation Memorial (replica) Boston Massachusetts June 30 December 29 [336][337]
Elk Portland Oregon July 1 Statue removed by city after fires set by protesters seriously damaged its base. Base has been mostly dismantled. [338]
[339]
[340]
Statue of George Whitefield Philadelphia Pennsylvania July 2 Whitefield was a supporter of slavery. [341]
Statue of Frederick Douglass Rochester New York July 5 Torn down by unknown perpetrators. Maplewood Park is a site along the Underground Railroad where Douglass and Harriet Tubman helped shuttle slaves to freedom. Removal occurred on the anniversary of Douglass's famous 1852 "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" speech in Rochester. [342]
[343]
[344]
Statue of Andrew Jackson Jackson Mississippi July 7 City Council voted to remove statue in front of City Hall. [345]
Statue of Thomas Ruffin Raleigh North Carolina Not announced July 13 Was in front of North Carolina Court of Appeals. Removed by Court. Ruffin, a Chief Justice, was a slaveowner and author of pro-slavery rulings. [346]
Statue of Hiawatha LaCrosse Wisconsin July 13 Mayor has asked for its removal following request of sculptor's family. [347]
Statue of Jesus Christ Miami Florida July 15 (discovered) Decapitated and knocked off a pedestal. At Good Shepherd Catholic Church. [348]
Statue of the Virgin Mary Chattanooga Tennessee July 15 (discovered) Statue was torn down and decapitated; head stolen. The motive for the destruction is unknown. Local police stated that the toppling is a possible hate crime. [349]
Monument to 77th New York Volunteer Infantry (Union Army unit) Saratoga Springs New York July 16 (discovered) Statue was torn off pedestal and destroyed. The motive and perpetrator behind the destruction are both unknown. The statue was located in a park where many other monuments have historically been vandalized. [350]
[351]
Bust of Roger B. Taney Washington, D.C. July 22 Voted by the House of Representatives The bust of Chief Justice Taney, outside the Old Supreme Court Chamber, will be replaced with a bust of Thurgood Marshall, the first Black Supreme Court Justice. Taney wrote the majority opinion in Dred Scott v. Sandford, stating that African Americans were not citizens and had no rights. [352]
Statue of Louis XVI
Achille Valois, 1829
Louisville Kentucky September 3 Removed by city Citing protest-related vandalism damage and possible protester injuries during further vandalism attempts, officials decided to store the statue indefinitely. Mayor Greg Fischer said that it may be repaired and placed back on display. [353]
[354]
Statue of Mahatma Gandhi
2015
Davis California January 28 Mutilated; afterwards removed by city The statue was discovered on the morning of January 27 or 28, apparently sawn off from its base at the ankles, with half of the head missing. The fragmentary statue was put into storage. [355]
[356]

United Kingdom

Atlantic slave trade

The Royal African Company, which engaged in African slave trading between 1662 and 1731,[358] enslaved and shipped more Africans to the Americas than any other institution in the history of the Atlantic slave trade.[359]

Monument/memorial Location Removal announced Removed Means of removal Notes Ref.
Statue of Edward Colston
John Cassidy, 1895
Bristol June 7 Toppled by protesters The statue of Edward Colston, a slave trader, was toppled and thrown into the Bristol Harbour by protesters. The statue was fished out, but the city council did not replace it, waiting for a democratic decision from the people of Bristol to know what to do with it.
Briefly replaced by Marc Quinn's A Surge of Power (Jen Reid) 2020, on July 15, a statue depicting the protester Jen Reid who had been photographed with her fist raised on the plinth. Then this sculpture was also removed, by the city council the next day.
[360]
[361]
[362]
Statue of Robert Milligan
Richard Westmacott, 1813
London June 9 June 9 Removed by local authorities Statue of Robert Milligan, a Scottish merchant and slave trader, outside the Museum of London Docklands. It was removed following a request from the Canal & River Trust. [363]
[364]
Statue of Sir John Cass London June 11 June 11 Removed by owner Statue of Sir John Cass at the University of East London Stratford Campus. [365]
[366]
Statue of Sir Robert Clayton
Grinling Gibbons, 1714
London June 11 Plans for removal by owner Statue of Sir Robert Clayton at St Thomas' Hospital. On June 11 the Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, the Guy's and St Thomas' Charity, and King's College London issued a joint statement announcing that the statues of Clayton and Thomas Guy would be removed from public view. [367]
[368]
Statue of Thomas Guy
Peter Scheemakers, 1734
London June 11 Plans for removal by owner Statue of Thomas Guy at Guy's Hospital. On June 11 the Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, the Guy's and St Thomas' Charity, and King's College London issued a joint statement announcing that the statues of Guy and Sir Robert Clayton would be removed from public view. [369]
[368]
Statue of Sir John Cass
1998 (After Louis-François Roubiliac, 1751)
London June 12 Before July 19 Removed by owner Statue of Sir John Cass on the façade of 31 Jewry Street in the City of London, the headquarters of Sir John Cass's Foundation. This statue is a fiberglass replica of the original. [365]

[370]
[371]

Statue and bust of Sir John Cass London June 16 Removed by owner Statue and bust of Sir John Cass at Sir John Cass Redcoat School, Stepney. The school's governing body voted unanimously on June 16 for the immediate removal of the sculptures. The school has since changed its name to Stepney All Saints School. [372]
[373]
Bust of Sir John Cass London June 18 June 18 Removed by church Bust of Sir John Cass in St Botolph's Church, Aldgate. [374]
[375]
Statue of Sir Thomas Picton
T. Mewburn Crook, 1916
Cardiff July 23 Plans for removal by owner On July 23, Cardiff Council voted to remove the statue from the gallery of Welsh heroes inside City Hall, on account of Picton's links to the slave trade, and his authorizing of the torture of a 14-year-old girl while Governor of Trinidad. Immediately following the vote, the statue was encased in wooden boards to hide it from view until it could be removed. [376]
[377]
[378]
Bust of Sir Hans Sloane
John Michael Rysbrack, 1730s
London Not announced August 25 (newspaper story) Relocated by the British Museum Sloane was a slave owner and partly funded his collection, which became the founding collection of the British Museum, from enslaved labour on Jamaican sugar plantations. His bust in the museum's Enlightenment gallery was moved to a display case in the same gallery stressing his connections to colonialism and slavery. [379]
[380]
[381]
[382]
Monument to John Gordon Dorchester September 24 Plans for removal by parochial church council (PCC) Wall monument in St. Peter's Church to John Gordon, who played a role in suppressing Tacky's Revolt, a slave rebellion in Jamaica in 1760. The PCC voted to remove the monument and offer it to a museum. The part of the inscription praising Gordon's actions in the revolt has been covered up while plans for permanent removal go through the church planning process. [383]
[384]

Others

Monument/memorial Location Removal announced Removed Means of removal Notes Ref.
Part of Green Man inn sign
18th century
Ashbourne, Derbyshire c.June 7 June 8 Removed by local residents Wooden sculpture of a caricatured "black's head". After a Facebook petition calling for its removal attracted close to 30,000 signatures, the district council announced that on June 9 it would be removing the sculpture. Before this could happen, it was removed by two local residents on the night of June 8. [385]
[386]
Dunham Massey sundial
Attr. to Andries Carpentière, c.1735
Trafford, Greater Manchester June 11 June 11 Removed by the National Trust Statue of an exoticized black man (described as "degrading"), in a kneeling position and carrying a sundial, formerly installed in the forecourt of Dunham Massey Hall. [387]
[388]
[389]
Statue of Cecil Rhodes
Henry Alfred Pegram, 1911
Oxford June 17 Owner's wish for removal stated to independent commission Statue of Cecil Rhodes on the façade of the Rhodes Building, Oriel College; a target of the Rhodes Must Fall movement since 2015. On June 17 the college announced that its governing body had voted to launch an independent inquiry into the issues surrounding the sculpture. It stated that the body had "expressed their wish to remove the statue" to the commission. [390]
[391]
Bust of Cecil Rhodes
Onslow Whiting, 1906
Oxford June 17 Owner's wish for removal stated to independent commission Plaque at 6 King Edward Street commemorating Rhodes's residence there in 1881. In Oriel College's statement of June 17 the governing body "expressed their wish to remove [...] the King Edward Street Plaque" in addition to Rhodes's statue. [391]
[392]
Pet gravestone at Coombe Abbey Park
1902
Rugby, Warwickshire Before July 2 Removed by Coventry City Council In July 2019 a visitor to the park reported the name "Nigger" inscribed on the gravestone of a pet dog, but no action was taken at the time. After its absence was noticed following the George Floyd protests, the council (which operates the park) confirmed that it had removed the gravestone. [393]
Headstone for the dog Nigger
1943
RAF Scampton, Lincolnshire July 16 Removed by the Royal Air Force The headstone for the grave of Guy Gibson's dog was replaced, removing any mention of the dog's name. [394]
[395]
A Surge of Power (Jen Reid) 2020
Marc Quinn and Jen Reid, 2020
Bristol July 16 July 16 Removed by Bristol City Council because the sculpture had been placed without permission on the plinth of the statue of Edward Colston. Black resin sculpture by Marc Quinn and Jen Reid. It depicts Reid, a young black woman protester, raising her arm in a Black Power salute, reproducing a photo of her on the plinth, taken just after the removal of the previous statue by protesters. [362]

Belgium

King Leopold II of Belgium personally ruled the Congo Free State from 1885 to 1908, treating it as his personal property. During this period, many well-documented atrocities were perpetrated against the population, including the severing of hands of workers unable to meet a production quota for rubber, and the destruction of entire villages that were unwilling to participate in the forced labour regime. These acts contributed to a significant population decline during this period, often estimated at between five million and ten million.

Monument/memorial Location Removal announced Removed Means of removal Notes Ref.
Statue of Leopold II
Joseph Jacques Ducaju, 1873
Ekeren, Antwerp June 9 June 9 Removed by municipality Removed after it had been vandalized and set on fire. [396]
[397]
[398]
Bust of Leopold II Mons Removed by university authorities Removed from Faculty of Economics and Management at University of Mons following online petition for removal. Permanently placed in storage. [399]
[400]
Bust of Leopold II Leuven Removed by university authorities Removed from University Library at KU Leuven. Placed in storage.[lower-alpha 2] [401]
[402]
Bust of Leopold II Ghent June 30 Removed by crane following a short ceremony Removed from Zuidpark on the 60th anniversary of Congo's independence, and moved to a warehouse in STAM. [403]
[404]
[405]

New Zealand

Royal Navy officer John Fane Charles Hamilton, after whom the city of Hamilton is named, played a prominent part in the Tauranga campaign of the New Zealand Wars.

Monument/memorial Location Removal announced Removed Means of removal Notes Ref.
Statue of John Fane Charles Hamilton
Margriet Windhausen, 2013
Hamilton June 12 June 12 Removed by city City Council announced removal after request by Maori tribal confederation Waikato Tainui. [406]
[407]
[408]

South Africa

Monument/memorial Location Removal announced Removed Means of removal Notes Ref.
Statue of Martinus Theunis Steyn
Anton van Wouw, 1929
Bloemfontein Not announced June 27 The statue, which "dominated" the main campus of the University of the Free State, was moved to the Anglo-Boer War Museum. [409]
[410]
Bust of Cecil Rhodes, at the Rhodes Memorial
John Macallan Swan, 1912
Cape Town Not announced July 13 (discovered) Removed after being decapitated by protesters. Had been repaired after nose was cut off in 2015. [411]
[412]
[413]
[414]

India

Monument/memorial Location Removal announced Removed Means of removal Notes Ref.
Equestrian statue of Mark Cubbon
Carlo Marochetti, 1866
Bangalore June 28 A controversial statue of Sir Mark Cubbon, an English colonial administrator, was moved from front of the High Court of Karnataka building to Sri Chamarajendra Park. See Mark Cubbon#Death and legacy. [415]
[416]
[417]

Barbados

Monument/memorial Location Removal announced Removed Means of removal Notes Ref.
Statue of Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson
Sir Richard Westmacott, 1813
Bridgetown July 24 Commitment to remove the statue announced On July 24 John King, the Minister with responsibility for Culture, announced that the statue would be removed during the national Season of Emancipation, which came to an end on August 23. The removal was postponed in order to concentrate available funds on completing and opening a park in Saint Thomas. [418]
[419]
[420]

Cambodia

Monument/memorial Location Removal announced Removed Means of removal Notes Ref.
Statue of Lok Ta Dambong Kra Nhoung
Unknown sculptor, Unknown year
Battambang Commitment to demolish and replace the statue announced The governor of Battambang announced the Lok Ta Dambong Kra Nhoung statue would be demolished and replaced with bronze or gold statue because the current statue is black-colored and represents African peoples. [421]
[422]

Canada

Monument/memorial Location Province Removal announced Removed Means of removal Notes Ref.
A Canadian Conversation
Sir John A. Macdonald
Ruth Abernethy, 2016
Baden Ontario July 27 c.September 3 Put into storage Wilmot Township Council voted on July 27 for the statue's immediate removal. [423]
[424]
[425]
Monument to Sir John A. Macdonald
George Edward Wade, 1895
Montreal Quebec August 30 Statue toppled by protesters [426]
[427]

Ireland

Monument/memorial Location Removal announced Removed Means of removal Notes Ref.
Égyptienne and Négresse statues
Mathurin Moreau, 1867
Dublin July 27 July 27 Removed by owners The Shelbourne Hotel on St. Stephen's Green removed the four exterior statues "in light of recent world events". The statues have been said to represent "two Nubian Princesses and their shackled slave girls", a view which may derive from a 1951 book on the hotel by Elizabeth Bowen. After an examination by UCD art history professor Paula Murphy concluded that the statues were not representations of slaves and that the "shackles" were golden anklets indicating aristocratic status, it was announced that they would be restored to their plinths. They were reinstated on December 14. [428]
[429]
[430]
[431]

Colombia

Monument/memorial Location Department Removal announced Removed Means of removal Notes Ref.
Equestrian statue of Sebastián de Belalcázar
Victorio Macho, 1937
Popayán Cauca September 16 Toppled by protesters Toppled and decapitated by members of the Misak indigenous community. Belalcázar was a Spanish conquistador credited with the foundation of important cities in modern-day Colombia and Ecuador. The monument was located on top of Morro del Tulcán, an indigenous archaeological site. [432]

Removals under consideration

Some officials have announced their decisions to remove monuments under their jurisdiction, and are currently working to push through whatever legislative or permission barriers they need to accomplish their goals.

Other works of art

United States

Artwork City State Removal announced Removed Means of removal Notes Ref.
Ceiling mural in the lobby of McGill–Toolen Catholic High School Mobile Alabama June 3 June 3 Removed by school A mural in McGill–Toolen Catholic High School reproduces the former seal of Mobile, which included the Confederate flag. The Archdiocese of Mobile painted over the Confederate flag section so that it now resembles the Alabama state flag. [445]
Fresco in Memorial Hall Lexington Kentucky June 5 Plans for removal by school The fresco in the foyer of University of Kentucky's Memorial Hall has been criticized for its romanticized depiction of African-American slaves. The University President announced that it would be removed. However, there has been considerable opposition. [446]
[447]
[448]
[449]
Frank Rizzo Mural Philadelphia Pennsylvania June 7 June 7 Painted over by city Mural painted over in the early morning. [450]
[451]
America Receiving the Gifts of Nations Camden New Jersey June 18 Reported covered on June 23 Covered by university The mosaic on the façade of the main entrance to the former Cooper Branch Library, now a building of Rutgers University–Camden, depicts Columbus, and indigenous people in subservient positions. Obscured while the university explores long-term options. [452]
[453]
[454]
Stained glass window in the Cathedral of the Rockies Boise Idaho June 18 Removal ordered by church The stained glass window depicts Robert E. Lee standing next to George Washington and Abraham Lincoln. It will be donated to the Idaho Black History Museum if it is removed intact. [455]
Four Confederate portraits in the United States Capitol Washington, D.C. June 18 June 19 Removal ordered by House Speaker Nancy Pelosi Removal of portraits of four House Speakers who served in the Confederacy – Robert M. T. Hunter, Howell Cobb, James Lawrence Orr, and Charles Frederick Crisp (pictured) – on Juneteenth. [456]
Baker Memorial Library weather vane
Stanley Orcutt, 1928 (design)
Hanover New Hampshire June 15 June 25 Removed by university The weather vane depicts a Native American sitting on the ground in front of Dartmouth College's founder, Eleazar Wheelock. The university's president, Philip J. Hanlon, stated that the portrayal of the Native American did not reflect Dartmouth's values. [457]
[458]
[459]

United Kingdom

Artwork Location Removal announced Removed Means of removal Notes Ref.
Stained glass windows in Bristol Cathedral and St Mary Redcliffe Bristol June 15 June 16 Removed by the Diocese of Bristol Window panes commemorating Edward Colston at the parish church were removed, and similar panes at the cathedral have been covered up until they can be safely removed. [460]
Portraits of governors and directors of the Bank of England London June 18 Plans for removal by the Bank The Bank is conducting a review of its collection of portraits of former governors and directors, in order to ensure that none depicting figures involved in the slave trade remain on display. [461]
Sir Ronald Fisher window at Gonville and Caius College
Maria Ulatowska McClafferty, 1989
Cambridge June 26 Plans for removal by the college The window commemorates Sir Ronald Fisher, a statistician and eugenicist. It is one of a series of windows marking scientific discoveries made by former members of the college, and depicts a Latin square, studied by Fisher. The college announced in a statement that it would remove the window, subject to listed building consent. [462]

[463]
[464]

France

In France, where slavers gave their names to streets but have very few physical monuments, the only work concerned is a mural that is instead a tribute to George Floyd and Adama Traoré, whose deaths caused respectively the 2020 Black Lives Matter protests and Justice pour Adama, a movement in France against racism and police violence begun in 2016 and reactivated in 2020 by the movement in the United States.

Artwork City Département Removal announced Removed Means of removal Notes Ref.
Mural in tribute to George Floyd and Adama Traoré Stains Seine-Saint-Denis June 22 The prefect of Seine-Saint-Denis prefect authorised the preservation of the mural itself, but ordered the Communist mayor of Stains to erase the phrase Contre le racisme et les violences policières ("Against racism and police violence") contained in it, or at least the reference to "police violence", because the police union "Alliance" felt offended, in a context where police violence cases are multiplying in France since 2018. Since the mayor did not obey, the prefect repeated the order on July 3. On the night of July 4 to 5, the painting was vandalised. The mural depicts the faces of Adama Traoré and George Floyd in shades of grey and standing out from a sunny blue sky, with the phrase Contre le racisme et les violences policières written above in black, white and red. [465]
[466]
[467]
[468]

Plaques and signs

United States

Plaque City State Removal announced Removed Means of removal Notes Ref.
University of Alabama Confederate Army plaques Tuscaloosa Alabama June 8 June 9 Removed by school The three plaques near the library commemorate University students who joined the Confederate military and University cadets who helped defend the campus. The University stated that they "will be placed at a more appropriate historical setting." [469]
[470]
[471]
Historic sign saying Bowling Green was the Confederate capital of Kentucky Bowling Green Kentucky Not announced About August 25 Removed by Western Kentucky University administration [151]
Plaque and stone that honored Stephen Douglas Chicago Illinois Announced June 7 Removed by owner, University of Chicago [472]
John H. Winder plaque Salisbury Maryland June 12 June 12 Removed by Wicomico County The plaque was located next to the Wicomico County Courthouse. It was personally removed by Wicomico County officials. [473]
Woodrow Wilson's desk as Governor (plaque) Trenton New Jersey Announced July 2 No longer being used by Phil Murphy, Governor of New Jersey [474]
Maryland State House plaque Annapolis Maryland June 15 Removal approved by Maryland State House Trust The plaque was installed during the Civil Rights Movement. It honors Marylanders who fought on both sides of the Civil War; the plaque claims not to "take sides." [475]
Plaques honoring Simon Baruch and Alexander Stephens
Plaques honoring Matthew Fontaine Maury and Maupin-Maury House
Plaque honoring surgeon John Syng Dorsey Cullen
Richmond Virginia July 16 Committee at Virginia Commonwealth University recommends these changes; approval expected. Various plaques commemorating members of the Confederacy placed across University [185]

United Kingdom

Plaque Location Removal announced Removed Means of removal Notes Ref.
Plaque to Sir Thomas Picton Haverfordwest June 10 Removed at the request of the building's owner Blue plaque marking the birthplace of Sir Thomas Picton. The building's owner had the plaque removed due to fears that it could be targeted by protesters. The plaque will be displayed in Haverfordwest Town Museum from 2021. [476]
Plaque to Thomas Phillips Brecon Before June 11 Removed by an unknown person Plaque unveiled at Captain's Walk in 2010; it marked the site of the house of Thomas Phillips (c.1665–1713), captain of the Hannibal slave ship. Brecon Town Council had already agreed to a review of the plaque, but it was removed by an unknown person before any decision about its fate could be made. [477]
[478]
Plaque to Sir Edward Codrington Brighton June 12 Removed by the building's managing agent Blue plaque marking the residence of Sir Edward Codrington at Codrington Mansion, Western Road. [479]

Buildings

The following buildings were destroyed, torn down, or heavily damaged during the George Floyd protests due to their perceived racist heritage:

Building City State Date of incident Notes Ref.
Market House Fayetteville North Carolina May 30 The Market House Building, a tourist attraction and museum on the site of a former slave market, was set on fire by demonstrators chanting "Black Lives Matter". The demonstrators used wood pallets to encourage a larger fire. [480]
[481]
Memorial to the Women of the Confederacy Richmond Virginia May 31 The national headquarters of the United Daughters of the Confederacy was set on fire. Windows were broken and fire set to the curtains hanging in the building's main library. Flames covered most of the front of the building; 9 fire trucks responded. Firefighters asked for and received police protection. There was extensive smoke and water damage throughout the building and charring on the building's Georgia marble façade. All the books in the library incurred some damage and library shelving was destroyed. Some Stonewall Jackson memorabilia, including his Confederate flag, were destroyed. [482]
[483]
[482]
[484]
Old Market House Louisville Georgia Pending The structure is a former slave market; it was built in 1795 and is located in the downtown area of Louisville. The Old Market House is listed on the National Register of Historical Places as one of the few surviving slave markets in the United States and the sole surviving market in Georgia. In July 2020, a fourteen-person commission was established by the city to determine the structure's future. The commission voted unanimously to remove the building; this decision was re-affirmed by the Louisville City Council on August 11, 2020. The city wishes to move the Old Market House to a museum, although no formal plan has been approved. [485]

See also

Notes

  1. Also known as the "Daughters of the Confederacy Monument".
  2. Rector Luc Sels's statement on the issue leaves open the possibility of the bust's eventually coming out of storage.[401]

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