String Quartet No. 19 (Mozart)

The String Quartet No. 19 in C Major, K. 465 by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, nicknamed "Dissonance" on account of its unusual slow introduction, is perhaps the most famous of his quartets. It is the last in the set of six quartets composed between 1782 and 1785 that he dedicated to Joseph Haydn.

Mozart's manuscript of K.465

According to the catalogue of works Mozart began early the preceding year, the quartet was completed on 14 January 1785.

Movements

As is normal with Mozart's later quartets, it is in four movements:

  1. Adagio-Allegro
  2. Andante cantabile in F major
  3. Menuetto. Allegro. (C major, trio in C minor)
  4. Allegro molto

The first movement opens with ominous quiet Cs in the cello, joined successively by the viola (on A♭ moving to a G), the second violin (on E♭), and the first violin (on A), thus creating the "dissonance" itself and narrowly avoiding a greater one. This lack of harmony and fixed key continues throughout the slow introduction before resolving into the bright C major of the Allegro section of the first movement, which is in sonata form.

Start of first movement

Mozart goes on ( Listen) to use chromatic and whole tone scales to outline fourths. Arch shaped lines emphasizing fourths in the first violin (C – F – C) and the violoncello (G – C – C' – G') are combined with lines emphasizing fifths in the second violin and viola. Over the barline between the second and third measures of the example, a fourth-suspension can be seen in the second violin's tied C. In another of his string quartets, KV 464, such fourth-suspensions are also very prominent.

The second movement is in sonatina form, i.e., lacking the development section. Alfred Einstein writes of the coda of this movement that "the first violin openly expresses what seemed hidden beneath the conversational play of the subordinate theme".[1]

Start of second movement

The third movement is a minuet and trio, with the exuberant mood of the minuet darkening into the C minor of the trio.

Start of third movement

The last movement is also in sonata form.

Start of fourth movement

Notes
  1. Einstein, p. 156.

References
  • Einstein, Alfred, trans. Mendel, A., and Broder, N., Mozart, his character, his work. Dover Publications paperback, 1972, republication of 1945 Oxford University Press edition. ISBN 978-0-486-22859-4.

Further reading
  • John Irving, Mozart, the "Haydn" quartets. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1998)
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