Tanker War

Tanker War
	Part of Iran–Iraq War
Date	1 February 1984 — 4 August 1988
Location	Persian Gulf; Strait of Hormuz; Sea of Oman;
Result	Ceasefire (at the end of the war)
Belligerents
Iran	Iraq; United States; Kuwait; Saudi Arabia;
Units involved
IRIN; IRGCN; IRIAF;	Iraqi Navy; Iraqi Air Force; United States Navy;

The Tanker War is a term that refers to skirmishes against merchant vessels in the Persian Gulf and Strait of Hormuz between 1984 and 1988, during the Iran–Iraq War.

Overview

The Tanker War was started by the Ba'athist Iraq.[1] Kuwait and Saudi Arabia allied with Iraq against Iran, while the United States intervened in 1986 to protect Kuwaiti tankers and subsequently was engaged with Iran.[2]

List of attacks

1984


Date	Vessel attacked			Agent	Result	Ref
Date	Name	Flag	GRT/Date	Agent	Result	Ref
1984-03-01	Charming		Unknown	Iraqi missile	Unknown	[3]
1984-03-01(?)	Sema-G		Unknown	Iraqi missile	Unknown	[3]
1984-03-04	APJ Ambika		16000	Iraqi missile	Unknown	[3]
1984-03-29	Iran Dahr		12257/71	Iraqi missile	damaged	[4]
1984-05-27	Savoy Dean		19291/68	Iraqi missile	minor damage	[4]
1984-06-03	Büyük Hun		80683/77	Iraqi missiles	severe damage	[4]
1984-06-03	Giant Kirn		32107/71	Unidentified missile	set afire	[5]
1984-06-06	Dashaki		19291/68	Iraqi missile	severe damage	[4]
1984-06-10	Kazimah		160010/82	Unidentified a/c	severe damage	[4]
1984-06-24	Alexander the Great		152372/73	Iraqi Exocet missile	severe damage	[4]
1984-06-27	Tiburón		125389/73	Iraqi missile	severe damage	[4]
1984-07-01	Al Kabeer		16575/65	Iraqi a/c	aground	[4]
1984-07-01	Sitia Venture		15991/66	Iraqi a/c	aground	[4]
1984-07-01	Alexandra Dyo		13316/69	Iraqi a/c	attacked	[4]
1984-07-02	Won Jin		6164/74	Iraqi missiles	severe damage	[4]
1984-07-05	Primrose		122203/76	Unidentified missiles	slight damage	[4]
1984-07-10	British Renown		122203/76	Iranian a/c	slight damage	[4]
1984-08-18	Endeavour		47310/76	Unidentified missile	set afire	[5]
1984-08-24	Amethyst		31280/63	Unidentified missile	set afire	[5]
1984-08-27	Cleo 1		20880/59	Unidentified missile	set afire	[5]
1984-09-11	St. Tobias		115025/71	Unidentified missile	minor damage	[5]
1984-09-12	Good Wind		11525/70	Iraqi missile	set afire	[5]
1984-09-16	Med Heron		60655/77	Unidentified missile	Unknown	[5]
1984-09-16	Royal Colombo		74474/75	Unidentified missile	Unknown	[5]
1984-10-08	World Knight		114573/75	Iraqi missile	severe damage[lower-alpha 1]	[5][6]
1984-10-11	Jag Pari		20991/82	Iranian (?) bomb	minor damage	[5][6]
1984-10-12	Gaz Fountain		23796/69	Unidentified missile	set afire	[5][7]
1984-10-15	Sivand		108721/71	Iraqi a/c	set afire	[5][8]

1987


Date	Vessel attacked			Agent	Result	Ref
Date	Name	Flag	GRT/Date	Agent	Result	Ref
1987-08-30	Sanandaj		129770/73	Iraqi a/c	damaged	[9]
1987-09-01	Astro Pegasus		42510/75	Iranian w/s g/f	damaged	[9]
1987-09-01	Bigorange XIV		197/56	Iraqi a/c	sunk	[9]
1987-09-01	Munguia		140277/77	Iranian PG	set afire	[9]
1987-09-01	Star Ray		99011/70	Iraqi missile	damaged	[9]
1987-09-02	Nisshin Maru		103099/80	Iranian PG	damaged	[9]
1987-09-02	Dafni		48473/57	Iranian boats	set afire	[9]
1987-09-02	Diamond Marine		101416/74	Iranian boats	holed	[9]
1987-09-02	Jolly Rubino		19418/78	Iranian boats	minor damage	[9]
1987-09-02	Leonidas Glory		3717/73	Iranian boats	minor damage	[9]
1987-09-09	Haven		109700/73	Iranian PG	damaged	[9]
1987-09-20	Khark 2		137895/70	Iraqi a/c	damaged	[9]
1987-09-20	Petroship B		25614/75	Iranian PG	minor damage	[9]
1987-09-20	Shirvan		41439/79	Iraqi a/c	damaged	[9]
1987-09-21	Gentle Breeze		57462/70	Iranian PG	severe damage	[9]
1987-09-21	Marissa I		181/69	mine	sunk	[9]
1987-09-27	Coral Cape		112825/74	Iraqi missile (2)	damaged	[9]
1987-09-27	Iran Sepah		19702/76	Iraqi a/c	damaged	[9]
1987-09-27	Merlin		110037/71	Iraqi missile (2)	damaged	[9]
1987-09-27	Shirvan		41439/79	Iraqi missile	damaged	[9]
1987-09-29	Khark		127453/73	Iraqi a/c	damaged	[9]
1987-09-29	Koriana		38629/85	Iranian w/s	slight damage	[9]
1987-09-30	Western City		105803/75	Iranian PGs	minor damage	[9]
1987-10-01	Nichiharu Maru		120694/73	Iranian PGs	minor damage	[9]
1987-10-01	Johar		49635/76	Iranian PGs	minor damage	[9]
1987-10-01	Shenton Bluff		150/79	Iraqi missile	severe damage	[9]
1987-10-02	Felicity		53226/68	Iraqi missile	set afire	[9]
1987-10-02	Spic Emerald		11712/83	Iranian PG	set afire	[9]
1987-10-05	Brazil Star		77294/72	Iraqi a/c	minor damage	[9]
1987-10-05	Seawise Giant		238558/76	Iraqi a/c	minor damage	[9]
1987-10-05	Shining Star		128929/71	Iraqi missile	severe damage	[9]
1987-10-05	World Admiral		106673/74	Iraqi missile	minor damage	[9]
1987-10-08	Tomoe 8		5267/86	Iranian PG	set afire	[9]
1987-10-10	Rova		105286/75	Iraqi missiles	severe damage	[9]
1987-10-12	Marianthi M.		13006/65	Iraqi missile	damaged	[9]
1987-10-13	Atlantic Peace		43943/83	Iranian PG g/f	minor damage	[9]
1987-10-14	Pegasus I		104918/73	Iraqi a/c	damaged	[9]
1987-10-15	Sungari		124085/75	Iranian missile	set afire	[9]
1987-10-16	Sea Isle City		55454/81	Iranian missile	moderate damage	[9]
1987-10-23	Prosperventure L.		27333/87	Iranian PG	set afire	[9]
1987-11-04	Taftan		141883/73	Iraqi a/c	damaged	[10]
1987-11-06	Grand Wisdom		51121/76	Iranian w/s	minor damage	[10]
1987-11-11	Fortuneship L.		118216/75	Iraqi GM (3)	damaged	[10]
1987-11-11	Liquid Bulk Explorer		7060/72	Iranian PG	slight damage	[10]
1987-11-12	Yousef[lower-alpha 2]		584/84	Iraqi a/c	hit	[10]
1987-11-13	Salvital[lower-alpha 3]		742/76	Iraqi GM	severe damage	[10]
1987-11-15	Lucy		36512/86	Iranian PG	damaged	[10]
1987-11-16	Esso Freeport		122967/74	Iranian PGs	minor damage	[10]
1987-11-16	Filikon L.		41330/76	Iranian PGs	moderate damage	[10]
1987-11-19	Salvenus[lower-alpha 3]		699/78	Iraqi GMs	severe damage	[10]
1987-11-20	Tabriz		41440/80	Iraqi a/c	damaged	[10]
1987-11-22	Andromeda		38627/84	Iranian PG	damaged	[10]
1987-11-23	Fundulea		6253/80	Iranian PGs	damaged	[10]
1987-11-23	Uni-Master		11648/77	Iranian w/s	slight damage	[10]
1987-11-26	Umm al Jathathel		47169/83	Iranian w/s	Unknown	[10]
1987-11-29	Khark 4		127450/73	Iraqi a/c	moderate damage	[10]
1987-12-02	Anax		122936/72	Iraqi a/c	slight damage	[10]
1987-12-04	Actinia		109567/75	Iraqi a/c	severe damage	[10]
1987-12-06	Estelle Mærsk		28010/87	Iranian PGs	minor damage	[10]
1987-12-06	Norman Atlantic		42093/73	Iranian PGs	sunk	[10]
1987-12-08	Alamoot		163173/77	Iraqi a/c	severe damage	[10]
1987-12-09	Susangird		111287/73	Iraqi a/c	severe damage	[10]
1987-12-11	Tharaleos		51372/69	Iranian FF	minor damage	[10]
1987-12-12	Pivot		109700/75	Iranian FF	damaged	[10]
1987-12-15	Mimi M.		16246/74	Iraqi a/c	severe damage	[10]
1987-12-16	Taftan		141883/73	Iraqi a/c	minor damage	[10]
1987-12-16	World Produce		17277/84	Iranian PG	moderate damage	[10]
1987-12-17	Island Transporter		9714/68	Iranian PGs	damaged	[10]
1987-12-18	Free Enterprise		113780/72	Iraqi a/c	went aground	[10]
1987-12-18	Happy Kari		140227/74	Iranian PGs	set afire	[10]
1987-12-18	Saudi Splendour		125394/75	Iranian PG	moderate damage	[10]
1987-12-19	Karama Mærsk		167728/77	Iranian PGs	slight damage	[10]
1987-12-22	British Respect		136601/74	Iraqi a/c	set afire	[10]
1987-12-22	Burmah Enterprise		231629/78	Iraqi a/c	severe damage	[10]
1987-12-22	Seawise Giant		238558/76	Iraqi a/c	set afire	[10]
1987-12-22	World Petrobras		193778/77	Iraqi a/c	damaged	[10]
1987-12-22	Stena Concordia		122199/73	Iranian FF	damaged	[10]
1987-12-23	Berge Big		136364/75	Iranian PGs	set afire	[10]
1987-12-25	Hyundai No. 7		11686/78	Iranian PGs	set afire	[10]
1987-12-25	Nejmat el Petrol		12964/64	Iranian PGs	set afire	[10]
1987-12-27	Stilikon		96747/64	Iraqi GM	set afire	[10]
1987-12-31	Iran Sedaghat		4474/71	Iraqi a/c	decoy	[10]

1988

1988-01-01 to 1988-03-27
Date	Vessel attacked			Agent	Result	Ref
Date	Name	Flag	GRT/Date	Agent	Result	Ref
1988-01-01	Alga		16134/72	Iraqi GM	slight damage	[10]
1988-01-10	Khark 3		137895/71	Iraqi a/c	minor damage	[10]
1988-01-12	United Venture		13161/69	Iranian GM	severe damage	[10]
1988-01-14	Petrobulk Pioneer		20446/80	Iranian w/s	damaged aft	[10]
1988-01-15	Atlantic Charisma		23127/87	Iranian w/s	damaged	[10]
1988-01-15	Igloo Espoo		10105/85	Iranian PGs	damaged	[10]
1988-01-16	Rainbow		7589/82	Iranian PGs	severe damage	[10]
1988-01-22	Havpil[lower-alpha 4]		10977/69	Iranian PG	minor damage	[10]
1988-01-22	Topaz		85690/76	Iranian PGs	minor damage	[10]
1988-01-22	Torm Rottina		20036/76	Iranian PGs	attacked	[11]
1988-01-27	Coral Cape		112825/74	Iraqi imissile	damaged	[11]
1988-01-29	Khark		116404/75	Iraqi a/c	minor damage	[11]
1988-01-29	Khark 5		138394/75	Iraqi a/c	minor damage	[11]
1988-01-30	Mare[lower-alpha 4]		9111/72	Iranian PGs	sunk	[11]
1988-02-03	Makran		16000/74	Iraqi missile	set afire	[11]
1988-02-03	Petrobulk Ruler		20505/75	Iranian PG	damaged	[11]
1988-02-05	Tavistock		87464/71	Iranian PGs	damaged	[11]
1988-02-07	Khark 5		138394/75	Iraqi a/c	set afire	[11]
1988-02-07	Diane		38241/87	Iranian FF	set afire	[11]
1988-02-09	Shir Kooh		140465/73	Iraqi a/c	damaged	[11]
1988-02-09	Veronique		38795/76	Iranian FF	damaged aft	[11]
1988-02-11	Happy Kari		38795/76	Iranian PGs	set afire	[11]
1988-02-12	Kate Mærsk[lower-alpha 4]		167207/76	Iraqi a/c	set afire	[11]
1988-02-15	Soleiman		1019/84	Iraqi a/c	severe damage	[11]
1988-03-08	Tenacity		41195/65	Iraqi a/c	minor damage	[11]
1988-03-15	Trade Fortitude		113950/72	Iraqi a/c	damaged	[11]
1988-03-18	Berge Lord		138008/73	Iranian PGs	minor damage	[11]
1988-03-18	Kyrnicos		41922/67	Iraqi a/c	moderate damage	[11]
1988-03-18	Maria 2		22845/80	Iranian PGs	set afire	[11]
1988-03-18	Neptune Subaru		22845/80	Iranian PGs	minor damage	[11]
1988-03-19	Avaj		162028/75	Iraqi a/c	severe damage	[11]
1988-03-19	Sanandaj		129770/73	Iraqi a/c	severe damage	[11]
1988-03-20	Atlantic Peace		43943/83	Iranian PGs	minor damage	[11]
1988-03-21	Fumi		36674/84	Iranian PGs	set afire	[11]
1988-03-21	Iberian Reefer		7949/85	Iranian PGs	minor damage	[11]
1988-03-22	Havglimt		28941/78	Iranian w/s	minor damage	[11]
1988-03-22	Stavros G.L.		163810/76	Iranian PGs	set afire	[11]
1988-03-23	Odysseas H.		18876/72	Iranian PGs	severe damage[lower-alpha 1]	[11]
1988-03-27	Jainarayan Vyas		15035/75	Iranian PGs	moderate damage	[11]

1988-03-28 to 1988-08-04
Date	Vessel attacked			Agent	Result	Ref
Date	Name	Flag	GRT/Date	Agent	Result	Ref
1988-03-28	Karama Mærsk		167728/77	Iranian PGs	minor damage	[11]
1988-03-28	Golar Kansai		98905/72	Iranian PGs	minor damage	[11]
1988-03-30	Anax		122936/72	Iraqi a/c	disabled	[11]
1988-03-31	Haven		109700/73	Iraqi FF	aground	[11]
1988-04-12	Sagheera		20817/81	Iranian PGs	set afire	[12]
1988-04-18	Omnium Pride		13858/71	Iranian PGs	set afire	[12]
1988-04-18	Willi Tide		283/79	Iran	attacked	[12]
1988-04-18	York Marine		60814/75	Iranian w/s	set afire	[12]
1988-04-19	Fal V		7214/72	Iranian PGs	damaged	[12]
1988-04-24	Sea Trader		19482/76	Iranian PGs	minor damage	[12]
1988-05-11	Khark		116404/75	Iraqi a/c	damaged	[12]
1988-05-11	Iran Nahad		11205/70	Iraqi a/c	severe damage	[12]
1988-05-12	Sea Sapphire[lower-alpha 5]		11205/70	Iraqi a/c	severe damage	[12]
1988-05-14	Argosy		71080/70	Iraqi a/c	severe damage	[12]
1988-05-14	Barcelona		122770/72	Iraqi a/c	severe damage	[12]
1988-05-14	Beaufort[lower-alpha 6]		475/78	Iraqi a/c	severe damage	[12]
1988-05-14	Safir[lower-alpha 6]		475/78	Iraqi a/c	severe damage	[12]
1988-05-14	Scan Partner[lower-alpha 6]		499/79	Iraqi a/c	sunk	[12]
1988-05-14	Seawise Giant		238558/79	Iraqi a/c	severe damage	[12]
1988-05-14	Burmah Endeavour		231269/77	Iraqi a/c	minor damage	[12]
1988-05-16	Bisoton		112445/72	Iraqi a/c	minor damage	[12]
1988-05-18	Ace Chemi		112445/72	Iranian PGs	set afire	[12]
1988-05-19	Barge Strand		43849/82	Iranian PGs	minor damage	[12]
1988-05-26	Mundogas Rio		12251/67	Iranian PGs	damaged	[12]
1988-05-26	Don Miguel		10526/76	Iranian PGs	damaged	[12]
1988-06-04	Shoush		113788/72	Iraqi a/c	Unknown	[12]
1988-06-09	Salverve[lower-alpha 2]		742/76	Iraqi a/c	damaged	[12]
1988-06-11	Dhaulagiri		7895/82	Iranian PGs	minor damage	[12]
1988-06-11	Esso Demetia		125293/73	Iranian PGs	minor damage	[12]
1988-06-11	Iran Fallahi		17716/72	Iraq a/c	Unknown	[12]
1988-06-14	Neptune Subaru		51894/86	Iranian PGs	moderate damage	[12]
1988-07-01	Khark 4		127450/73	Iraqi a/c	damaged	[12]
1988-07-01	Fortuneship L		118216/75	Iraqi a/c	damaged	[12]
1988-07-03	Berge Strand		43849/82	Iranian PGs	minor damage	[12]
1988-07-07	Fellowship L		118215/74	Iraqi a/c	set afire	[12]
1988-07-08	Star Ray		107432/70	Iraqi a/c	set afire	[12]
1988-07-12	Universal Monarch		40840/81	Iranian PGs	damaged	[12]
1988-07-15	Sea Victory		43456/69	Iranian PGs	minor damage	[12]
1988-08-04	Berge Lord		138008/73	Iranian PGs	minor damage	[12]

Notes

constructive loss
tug
salvage tug
hit in error
tug towing Iran Nahad
tugs damaged by explosion of Barcelona

References

Footnotes

Roach, J. Ashley; Greenwood, Christopher J.; Lagoni, Rainer; Meron, Theodor (20–23 April 1988), "Missiles on Target; The Law of Targeting and the Tanker War", Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law), 82: 154–169, JSTOR 25658421
Dudley, William S. (2007), "Navies, Great Powers – United States, 1775 to the Present – The tanker war", in Hattendorf, John J. (ed.), The Oxford Encyclopedia of Maritime History, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780195130751.001.0001, ISBN 9780195307405
Herman, Arthur (7 March 1984), "Two cargo ships were hit by Iraqi missiles", United Press International
Silverstone 1984, 21 (4)
Silverstone 1985, 22 (2)
"Iranians Bomb Tanker From India in the Gulf", Associated Press, The New York Times, 13 October 1984
"Liquefied Gas Ship Set Ablaze in Gulf", Reuters, The New York Times, 14 October 1984
Middleton, Drew (21 October 1984), "Gulf War: Iran's Push is Limited", The New York Times
Silverstone 1988a, 25 (1)
Silverstone 1988b, 25 (2)
Silverstone 1988c, 25 (4)
Silverstone 1989, 26 (1)

Sources

Silverstone, Paul H. (1984), "Naval Intelligence", Warship International, International Naval Research Organization, 21 (4): 396, JSTOR 44891106
Silverstone, Paul H. (1985), "Naval Intelligence", Warship International, International Naval Research Organization, 22 (1): 51, JSTOR 44888933
Silverstone, Paul H. (1985), "Naval Intelligence", Warship International, International Naval Research Organization, 22 (2): 145–146, JSTOR 44891147
Silverstone, Paul H. (1985), "Naval Intelligence", Warship International, International Naval Research Organization, 22 (3): 306, JSTOR 44891192
Silverstone, Paul H. (1985), "Naval Intelligence", Warship International, International Naval Research Organization, 22 (4): 399, JSTOR 44891899
Silverstone, Paul H. (1986), "Naval Intelligence", Warship International, International Naval Research Organization, 23 (1): 30, JSTOR 44894586
Silverstone, Paul H. (1986), "Naval Intelligence", Warship International, International Naval Research Organization, 23 (2): 140, JSTOR 44889022
Silverstone, Paul H. (1986), "Naval Intelligence", Warship International, International Naval Research Organization, 23 (3): 271, JSTOR 44891948
Silverstone, Paul H. (1986), "Naval Intelligence", Warship International, International Naval Research Organization, 23 (4): 378, JSTOR 44889078
Silverstone, Paul H. (1987), "Naval Intelligence", Warship International, International Naval Research Organization, 24 (1): 71, JSTOR 44889099
Silverstone, Paul H. (1987), "Naval Intelligence", Warship International, International Naval Research Organization, 24 (2): 164, JSTOR 44894620
Silverstone, Paul H. (1987), "Naval Intelligence", Warship International, International Naval Research Organization, 24 (4): 358, JSTOR 44891264
Silverstone, Paul H. (1988), "Naval Intelligence", Warship International, International Naval Research Organization, 25 (1): 37, JSTOR 44889197
Silverstone, Paul H. (1988), "Naval Intelligence", Warship International, International Naval Research Organization, 25 (2): 195, JSTOR 44891248
Silverstone, Paul H. (1988), "Naval Intelligence", Warship International, International Naval Research Organization, 25 (4): 402, JSTOR 44892028
Silverstone, Paul H. (1989), "Naval Intelligence", Warship International, International Naval Research Organization, 26 (1): 83, JSTOR 44892063

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[constructive_loss-6] structive loss

[tug-12] tug

[st-13] salvage tug

[error-14] t in error

[17] tug towing Iran Nahad

[Barcelona-18] tugs damaged by explosion of Barcelona

[1] Roach, J. Ashley; Greenwood, Christopher J.; Lagoni, Rainer; Meron, Theodor (20–23 April 1988), "Missiles on Target; The Law of Targeting and the Tanker War", Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law), 82: 154–169, JSTOR 25658421

[2] Dudley, William S. (2007), "Navies, Great Powers – United States, 1775 to the Present – The tanker war", in Hattendorf, John J. (ed.), The Oxford Encyclopedia of Maritime History, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780195130751.001.0001, ISBN 9780195307405

[Charming_and_Sema_and_APJ_Ambika-3] Herman, Arthur (7 March 1984), "Two cargo ships were hit by Iraqi missiles", United Press International

[WI21-4-4] Silverstone 1984, 21 (4)

[WI22-2-5] Silverstone 1985, 22 (2)

[Jag_Pari_and_World_Knight-7] "Iranians Bomb Tanker From India in the Gulf", Associated Press, The New York Times, 13 October 1984

[Gaz_Fountain-8] "Liquefied Gas Ship Set Ablaze in Gulf", Reuters, The New York Times, 14 October 1984

[Sivand_and_Pacific_Protector-9] Middleton, Drew (21 October 1984), "Gulf War: Iran's Push is Limited", The New York Times

[WI25-1-10] Silverstone 1988a, 25 (1)

[WI25-2-11] Silverstone 1988b, 25 (2)

[WI25-4-15] Silverstone 1988c, 25 (4)

[WI26-1-16] Silverstone 1989, 26 (1)