Tebufenozide

Tebufenozide is an insecticide that acts as a molting hormone. It is an agonist of the ecdysone receptor that causes premature molting in larvae. It is primarily used against caterpillar pests.[2]

Tebufenozide
Names
IUPAC name
N’-(4-Ethylbenzoyl)-3,5-dimethyl-N-(2-methyl-2-propanyl)benzohydrazide
Other names
Mimic, RH-75992, HOE-105540, Confirm 2F, Confirm 70
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.101.212
UNII
Properties
C22H28N2O2
Molar mass 352.478 g·mol−1
Melting point 191 to 191.5 °C (375.8 to 376.7 °F; 464.1 to 464.6 K)[1]
0.83 mg/L[1]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Because it has high selectivity for the targeted pests and low toxicity otherwise, the company that discovered tebufenozide, Rohm and Haas, was given a Presidential Green Chemistry Award for its development.[2]

It has been characterised, along with RH-2485, as a bisacylhydrazine.[3]

Its environmental half-life varies according to where it is released and under what conditions, but can be said to be on the order of months.[4]

It has been used for "an insect growth regulator, to control leaf-eating insects that cause damage or death in trees. Tebufenozide is the active ingredient in" Bayer's MIMIC "formulation, which controls forest defoliator pests such as gypsy moths, tent caterpillars, budworms, tussock moths and cabbage looper. These are all pests of the order Lepidoptera."[5]

It has been used against the sugarcane borer, although the population grows immunity.[6]

In California, the substance was used chiefly for crops of head lettuce, celery, raspberries, cauliflower, and tomatoes for processing.

A 1994 study conducted by the Canadian Forest Service in laboratory conditions concluded that the substance was very stable in acidic and neutral buffers at 20 °C, hydrolytic degradation was dependent on pH and temperature, sunlight photodegradation was observed at a slower rate than ultraviolet photodegradation, and that microbial metabolism and photolysis are the two main degradative routes for tebufenozide in natural aquatic systems.[7]

The final degradation products of tebufenozide are various alcohols, carboxylic acids and ketones of low toxicity.[8]

Furan tebufenozide

In 2010, laboratory tests and field tests were performed on furan tebufenozide. The results were on the order of one hundred days.[9]

References
  1. Tebufenozide, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
  2. Carlson, Glenn R. (2000). "Tebufenozide: A Novel Caterpillar Control Agent with Unusually High Target Selectivity". Green Chemical Syntheses and Processes. ACS Symposium Series. 767. pp. 8–17. doi:10.1021/bk-2000-0767.ch002. ISBN 978-0-8412-3678-3.
  3. Dhadialla TS, Carlson GR, Le DP: "New Insecticides with ecdysteroidal and juvenile hormone activity", in Annual Review of Entomology 43(1):545-69 · February 1998
  4. pubchem: "Tebufenozide"
  5. "Controlling forest insects with Mimic®", 2017-07-26
  6. oup.com: "Reduced Susceptibility to Tebufenozide in Populations of the Sugarcane Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Louisiana", Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 98, Issue 3, 1 June 2005, Pages 955–960, doi:10.1603/0022-0493-98.3.955
  7. tandfonline.com: "Degradation kinetics of tebufenozide in model aquatic systems under controlled laboratory conditions", Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes, Volume 29, 1994 - Issue 6, Pages 1081-1104
  8. Roberts TR et al, "Metabolic Pathways of Agrochemicals: Part 2: Insecticides and Fungicides", p820 (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2007)
  9. Cong Guo et al, "Degradation of furan tebufenozide in laboratory and field trials", in Science China Chemistry August 2010, Volume 53, Issue 8, pp 1818–1824
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