Textual variants in the First Epistle to Timothy

Textual variants in the First Epistle to Timothy are the subject of the study called textual criticism of the New Testament. Textual variants in manuscripts arise when a copyist makes deliberate or inadvertent alterations to a text that is being reproduced. An abbreviated list of textual variants in this particular book is given in this article below.

Most of the variations are not significant and some common alterations include the deletion, rearrangement, repetition, or replacement of one or more words when the copyist's eye returns to a similar word in the wrong location of the original text. If their eye skips to an earlier word, they may create a repetition (error of dittography). If their eye skips to a later word, they may create an omission. They may resort to performing a rearranging of words to retain the overall meaning without compromising the context. In other instances, the copyist may add text from memory from a similar or parallel text in another location. Otherwise, they may also replace some text of the original with an alternative reading. Spellings occasionally change. Synonyms may be substituted. A pronoun may be changed into a proper noun (such as "he said" becoming "Jesus said"). John Mill's 1707 Greek New Testament was estimated to contain some 30,000 variants in its accompanying textual apparatus[1] which was based on "nearly 100 [Greek] manuscripts."[2] Peter J. Gurry puts the number of non-spelling variants among New Testament manuscripts around 500,000, though he acknowledges his estimate is higher than all previous ones.[3]

Legend

A guide to the symbols used in the body of this article.

Notable manuscripts

Notable textual variants

1 Timothy 1:16

Ιησους (Jesus) – F G 1739 1881
Χριστος Ιησους (Christ Jesus) – A D* H Ψ 0262vid 33 104 326 365 629 1175 lat
Ιησους Χριστος (Jesus Christ) – א D2 Byz itar vgmss syr
Ιησους ο Χριστος (Jesus the Christ) – 614

1 Timothy 2:7

αληθειαν λεγω (I am telling the truth) – א2 A D* F G P Ψ 075 0150 6 81 104 263 330 424c 451 459 629 1175 1505 1739 1881 1912 2492 Lectmss lat syr cop eth Ambrosiaster Ambrose Chrysostom JohnDam
αληθειαν λεγω εγω (I am telling the truth) – 2495
αληθειαν λεγω Χριστος (I am telling the truth of Christ) – 436
αληθειαν λεγω εν Χριστω (I am telling the truth in Christ) – א* D2 H K L 33vid 88 181 256 326 365 424* 614 630 1241 1573 1852 1877 2127 Byz Lectmss itar vgmss goth arm slav Theodoret Euthalius
αληθειαν λεγω εν Χριστω Ιησου (I am telling the truth in Christ Jesus) – 1319

1 Timothy 3:1

ανθρωπινος (human or of a man) – D* itb,d,g,m,mon Ambrosiaster Jeromemss Augustine Speculum
πιστος (faithful) – rell

1 Timothy 3:14

προς σε (to you) – omitted by F G 6 1739 1881 copsa

1 Timothy 3:16

ομολογουμεν ως (just as we are professing) – D* 1175
ομολογουμενως (admittedly) – rell
1 Timothy 3:16 in Codex Sinaiticus (א) from 330-360 AD

1 Timothy 3:16

ος εφανερωθη (he who was manifested) – א* A* C* F G 33 365 442 1175 2127 ℓ60 ℓ599 syr goth eth Origenlat Didymus Epiphanius Jerome Cyril Liberatus
ο εφανερωθη (which was manifested) – D* it vg
ω εφανερωθη (which was made manifest) – 061
ΘϹ εφανερωθη or θεος εφανερωθη (God was manifested) – אc Ac Cc Dc K L P Ψ 075 0150 6 81 104 181 263 326 330 424 436 451 459 614 629 630 1241 1319 1573 1739 1852 1877 1881 1912 1962 1984 1985 2200 2492 2495 Byz Lectmss slav Gregory Chrysostom Theodoret Euthalius Theodore of Mopsuestia
ο θεος εφανερωθη (the God was manifested) – 88
ος θεος εφανερωθη (the God who was manifested) – 256 ℓ597

1 Timothy 4:10

αγωνιζομεθα – א* A C Fgr Ggr K Ψ 33 88 104 326 442 915 1175
ονειδιζομεθα – אc D L (P ονειδιζωμεθα) 81 181 330 436 451 614 629 630 1241 1739 1877 Byz Lect
ωνειδιζομεθα – 1881 1985

1 Timothy 5:5

θεον (God) – C F G P Ψ 048 lat syr cop
τον θεον (of God) – א2 A D2 1739 1881 Byz
τον κυριον (of the LORD) – D* 81 vgmss
κυριον (the LORD) – א*

1 Timothy 5:19

εκτος ει μη επι δυο η τριων μαρτυρων (except from two or three witnesses) – omitted by itb Ambrosiaster Jeromemss Pelagius

1 Timothy 5:21

Χριστου Ιησου – א A D* G 33 81 104 365 629 latt cop Clement
Ιησου Χριστου – F Ψ 630 1175 1739 1881
κυριου Ιησου Χριστου – D2 Byz syr

1 Timothy 6:7

οτι – א A F G 048 061 33 81 1739 1881
δηλον οτι – אc Dc K L P Ψ 104 181 326 330 436 451 614 629 630 1241 1877 1962 1984 1985 2127 2492 2495 Byz
αλητες οτι – D*

1 Timothy 6:21

αμην (Amen) – א2 D2 K L P Ψ 075 0150 6 88 104 181 256 263 326 330 365 424 436 451 459 614 629 630 1175 1241 1319 1573 1739c 1852 1877 1912 1962 1984 1985 2127 2200 2492 2495 Byz Lect itmss vgmss syr copbo eth slav Ambrosiaster Theodoret JohnDam
omitted – א* A D* F G 33 81 1311 1739* 1881 itmss vgmss copsa Chrysostom Pelagius Euthaliusmss Speculum

See also

References
  1. Adam Fox, John Mill and Richard Bentley: A Study of the Textual Criticism of the New Testament 1675–1729 (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1954), pp. 105–115; John Mill, Novum Testamentum Graecum, cum lectionibus variantibus MSS (Oxford 1707)
  2. Metzger and Ehrman (2005), p.154
  3. Peter J. Gurry, "The Number of Variants in the Greek New Testament: A Proposed Estimate" New Testament Studies 62.1 (2016), p. 113

Further reading
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