Timeline of LGBT Mormon history in the 20th century

This is a timeline of LGBT Mormon history in the 20th century, part of a series of timelines consisting of events, publications, and speeches about LGBTQ+ individuals, topics around sexual orientation and gender minorities, and the community of members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Although the historical record is often scarce, evidence points to queer individuals having existed in the Mormon community since its beginnings. However, top LDS leaders only started regularly addressing queer topics in public in the late 1950s.[1]^:375,377[2]^:v,3[3]^:170 Since 1970, the LDS Church has had at least one official publication or speech from a high-ranking leader referencing LGBT topics every year, and a greater number of LGBT Mormon and former Mormon individuals have received media coverage.

Timeline

1902

March – Fourteen-year-old Clyde Felt of a prominent Mormon family cut the throat of Samuel Collins, allegedly as an assisted suicide for blood atonement.[4] Sixty-two-year-old Collins had exhibited hebephilic or ephebophilic pederasty, giving gifts to Felt and two other teenage males with whom he had sex. Felt was cleared of the killing and later married in an LDS temple.[5][6][7]^:804

1903

January – Kate Thomas who never married published a poem with homosexual themes of taking joy from a feminine kiss and using the word 'gay' in the Young Woman's Journal while living in New York City's Greenwich Village where gay was used as slang for homosexual.[1]^:426[8][9]^:128–131

1908

July – Ogden bishopric member and school superintendent Heber H. Thomas receives publicity for his involvement in beating seven teenage male students for having group sex on a campout. He later resigned as superintendent as a result of a legal investigation.[1]^:327,427[10]

1910s

Mormon actress Ada Dwyer Russell was in a relationship with poet Amy Lowell for over a decade until Lowell's death in 1925.[11]

1912

May – Actress Ada Dwyer Russell of Mormon upbringing entered a lesbian relationship with poet Amy Lowell.[1]^:427 The next year it was reported to the First Presidency that her father James Dwyer, the cofounder of what is now the LDS Business College, had been teaching young men that same-sex sexual activity was not a sin. Upon learning this the First Presidency had Dwyer withdraw his name from membership.[1]^:428

1923

1923 – Cornelia (Cora) Kasius, a lesbian woman, began working as secretary to the Relief Society general president. She had been a staff member at their headquarters since 1920 and published articles in the Relief Society Magazine in 1925.[12][13] She was one of the subjects in Berryman's research on Salt Lake City lesbian and gay people, and later moved to the gay hot spot Greenwich Village in New York City.[9]^:131[1]^{:385,431–432}

1926

November – Mormon-raised[14][15] young lovers Ruth Drake (19) and Sarah Lundstedt (22) drank cyanide poison together in North Salt Lake City after being pressured by family to end their four-year relationship and move away from each other. Their tragic love story, complete with love letters,[16] made national news.[17][18]

1936

Summer – After graduating from Utah State University, LDS-raised lesbian May Swenson (born 1913, age 22) moved from Logan, Utah to the gay hotspot Greenwich Village in New York City to pursue her dreams of writing.[19][20] She would go on to become an influential poet.[21][22] Swenson lived with her partner for 25 years and after decades of writing and passed away in 1989 at the age of 76.[23]

1938

Grave marker for the resting place of lesbian researcher Mildred Berryman who wrote a groundbreaking thesis on Salt Lake City queer community in the 1930s

November – Mildred Berryman (born 1901) ends working on her groundbreaking[24] thesis The Psychological Phenomena of the Homosexual[1]^:223,433 on 23 lesbian women and 9 gay men, whom she met through the Salt Lake City Bohemian Club.[25]^:20[1]^:73 She was a lesbian woman who joined the LDS church at the age of 19,[26] received a patriarchal blessing at the age of 21,[1]^:226–228 and later entered a relationship with a Mormon woman for over three decades.[27] Her study spanned well over a decade, but was only published posthumously by her choice.[25]^:20

1945

1945 – The apostle J. Reuben Clark asked church employee Gordon Burt Affleck to organize a surveillance for possible homosexual activity in the steam room of the church's (now-demolished) Deseret Gymnasium at Temple Square.[7]^:307,566[28]^:191,488 The Church Office Building now occupies the space where the gym was located.[25]^:22

1946

Patriarch Smith was released amidst accusations of homosexual affairs.

October – Presiding patriarch Joseph Fielding Smith is released on October 6 after serving only four years amid accusations of multiple homosexual affairs, including with University of Utah student Norval Service,[29] a man named Wallace A. G., and later with 21-year-old U.S. Navy sailor[30] Byram Dow Browning[31] who was also a Latter-day Saint.[1]^:369–371[32][33][34]

1947

January – It appears church leaders were aware of several instances of homosexual behavior by members in Utah since apostle Charles A. Callis had been assigned to these cases before he died in 1947.[35][36]^:271 After Callis's death the apostle Spencer W. Kimball was appointed to preside over homosexual cases.[36]^:271[37]

1948

1948 – Radio City Lounge bar opened becoming a major gathering point for Salt Lake LGBTQ community despite occasional raids from local police. Patrons included many gay Mormon men married to women like Bob Sorensen who met his husband there in 1966 after divorcing his wife. The bar closed in 2009, and was considered the oldest gay bar West of the Mississippi.[38]
April – Gay BYU students Kent Goodridge Taylor and Richard Snow,[39] who were in love, went to visit with church president George Albert Smith, who told them to "live their lives as best they could" in their companionship. Smith wrote the words "Homo Sexual" in his appointment book.[1]^:434 Earl Kofoed, who went from BYU from 1946 to 1948, similarly reported a "live and let live" attitude of leaders towards LGBT Mormons, and described a thriving gay community of friends at BYU. He stated that there were no witch hunts, excommunications, or pressure to change one's sexual orientation at BYU like there would be in later decades.[39]

1952

In the 1950s Apostle J. Reuben Clark gave several of the first public speeches by a high-ranking LDS leader to use the term "homosexual."

October – An increase in US public discourse around homosexuality in the McCarthyist Lavender scare era contributed to the first explicit mention of the term homosexual in general conference. Apostle Clark lamented that homosexuality is found among men and women, and that homosexual people exercise great influence in shaping culture.[40][9]^:146 After this LDS leaders started regularly addressing queer topics in public especially towards the end of the decade.[1]^:375,377[2]^:v,3

1954

July – Apostle Harold B. Lee interpreted several scriptures in the Old and New Testament as describing homosexuality as the most abhorred sin in God's sight which justified the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah.[41]^:230[42]
October – Apostle Clark again addressed homosexuality in conference when in the October priesthood session he mentions that those guilty of "the filthy crime of homosexuality" are not a part of the "Army of the Lord to fight evil".[43][44][45]

1955

October – A Boise, Idaho, gay witch hunt was launched to hunt down gay men among moral panic over several local arrests of males for same-sex sexual activity. This resulted in nearly 1,500 people questioned, producing hundreds of names of suspected homosexuals[46] including several Mormons.[1]^:436 Author John Gerassi cites an oppressive environment engendered by the predominantly LDS population in his seminal 1966 work Boys of Boise as a contributing factor for the illegal sexual activity and subsequent witch hunts.[47][48] The documentary The Fall of '55 was made about the events in 2006.

1957

April – Apostle Clark cited Old Testament punishments for sexual sins to highlight that "sex transgression is tragically serious" in the April General Conference. He stated "for homosexuality, it was death to the male and the prescription or penalty for the female I do not know."[49]

1958

This highly influential publication was the first publicly available book by a general authority to explicitly outline church stances on homosexuality.

1958 – General authority Bruce R. McConkie published Mormon Doctrine, in which he states that homosexuality is "among Lucifer's chief means of leading souls to hell". In the section on "Chastity" he states that it is better to be "dead clean, than alive unclean" and that many Mormon parents would rather their child "come back in a pine box with [their] virtue than return alive without it".[50][1]^:375

1959

1959 – The apostle Mark E. Petersen was appointed to work with Kimball over instances of homosexuality.[36]^:381[7]^:307[9]^:147
1959 – Church leaders begin their electroshock aversion therapy program on BYU campus in an attempt to change the sexual orientation of gay teens and men.[1]^:379 The program lasted over two decades until at least 1983.[51]^:65
1959 – The fictional book Advise and Consent is released featuring the story of a married Mormon US senator named Brigham Anderson from Utah who has an affair with another man. It won a Pulitzer Prize and was later made into a film in 1962.[52][53][54] The novel's plot takes place during the ongoing 1950s McCarthyist Lavender Scare era when thousands of lesbian and gay applicants were barred from federal employment as national security threats under President Eisenhower's Executive Order 10450, and over 5,000 federal employees were fired under suspicions of being homosexual.[55][56]

1960

September – Utah native and LDS-raised R. Joel Dorius (born 1919) would become an unwitting champion of gay liberation after he was arrested in Massachusetts along with two coworkers and fired from his language and visual arts Smith College professorship. His house was raided and beefcake fitness magazines with erotic images of men were found in what is now considered a McCarthyist gay witch hunt.[57][58][59] Along with a coworker, Dorius appealed the verdict of pornography possession to the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court and all three professors were exonerated as the raid warrants were deemed unconstitutional. The scandal has been dramatized in The Scarlet Professor and the PBS documentary The Great Pink Scare.[60][61][62]

1962

February – Apostle Lee gave a lengthy anecdote about a woman in love with another woman stating that the ugly practice and unpardonable sin of homosexuality is more common than we realize. He had her promise to never return to homosexuality and pray to become what he termed a normal, natural woman.[41]^:230–232[2]^:92[63]

Under BYU president Wilkinson no students were allowed to attend BYU who were known to be attracted to people of the same sex.[1]^:379 Additionally, student spying[64]^:207–217 and bishops reporting confidential confessions to the Honor Code Office were encouraged.[9]^:154

September – Under president Ernest Wilkinson a complete ban of any students attracted to people of the same sex regardless of behavior was instituted at BYU per the directives of apostles Kimball and Petersen.[1]^:379[9]^:154 The ban lasted until April 1973.[65][9]^:155 Wilkinson received permission in 1967 to request that BYU bishops report any student whom they suspected was breaking rules or who had confessed to violating BYU conduct codes. This resulted in 72 students suspected of homosexual activity reported to the Standards Office (now called the Honor Code Office) within the first year of the new policy, and many expulsions and suspensions. Security files were kept on suspected gay students and student spying was encouraged.[9]^:154[64]^:207–217

1964

July – Apostle Kimball addressed seminary and institute faculty on BYU campus calling homosexuality a "malady", "disease", and an "abominable and detestable crime against nature" that was "curable" by "self mastery".[66] He cited one lay bishop (a businessman by trade) assigned by the church to administer a "program of rehabilitation" through which there had been "numerous cures". He said "the police, the courts, and the judges" had referred "many cases directly" to the church.[67][2]^:91

1965

Spencer W. Kimball was assigned as a church specialist on homosexuality in 1947[36]^:381 and shaped church teachings on the subject through numerous speeches and publications in the '60s and '70s.

January – Kimball again addressed homosexuality in a January 5 BYU speech. He called it a "gross", "heinous", "obnoxious", "abominable" "vicious" sin. The text states that those with homosexual "desires and tendencies" could "correct" and "overcome" it "the same as if he had the urge toward petting or fornication or adultery", but that "the cure ... is like the cure for alcoholism, subject to continued vigilance". In the speech he stated BYU "will never knowingly enroll ... nor tolerate ... anyone with these tendencies who fails to repent", and that it is a "damnable heresy" for a homosexual person to say "God made them that way". He also stated that sometimes masturbation is an introduction to homosexuality.[68][9]^:149
April – In a churchwide broadcast address the apostle Mark Petersen cited the movements to remove laws banning same-sex sexual activity in at least two US states as great evidence of apostasy, rejecting God, and society placing itself in the role of anti-Christ.[69]
November – Ernest L. Wilkinson, the president of BYU and Commissioner of Church Education, gave an address on September 23 to the BYU student body, stating, "nor do we intend to admit to this campus any homosexuals. ... [I]f any of you have this tendency, ... may I suggest you leave the University immediately .... We do not want others on this campus to be contaminated by your presence."[70] The speech was later published in the church-owned Deseret News.[71][9]^:154
December – Kimball wrote a gay male member stating that "homosexual relationships are dead-end" and that the man's partner would leave him if he could "no longer be 'used'".[72]

1966

October – Milton R. Hunter lamented that "attitudes toward homosexuality have been liberalized in England" and that many US leaders were "clamoring for a liberal attitude in our land" in a General Conference address.[73][74]
October – Patriarch of the church Eldred G. Smith cited "a campaign ... launched to bring acceptance to homosexuality" as one example of "corruption" and "conditions at home" manifesting the "cycle of ... unrighteousness and wickedness" that lead to "wars and destruction" like the current "war in Viet Nam" in a General Conference speech.[75][76]

1968

The 1968 leader handbook was the first release to explicitly mention homosexuality.

1968 – A version of the Church Handbook was released containing the first explicit mention of homosexuality. It specifies that "homo-sexual acts" require a church court.[77]

1969

1969 – The United Order Family of Christ, a young gay male Mormon commune was founded which practiced a uniquely Mormon form of communalism called the United Order.[1]^:380[78][79]

Kimball's influential book taught that homosexuality was curable and was officially recommended as a resource for homosexual members into the 90s.[80]^:2

1969 – Kimball released his book The Miracle of Forgiveness, in which he teaches that masturbation can lead to acts of homosexuality. His book was quoted in a 1979 church manual: "the glorious thing to remember is that [homosexuality] is curable .... Certainly it can be overcome .... How can you say the door cannot be opened until your knuckles are bloody, till your head is bruised, till your muscles are sore?"[81] Kimball viewed many homosexuals as "basically good people who have become trapped in sin" and that "some totally conquer homosexuality in a few months." However, he also says that homosexual behavior can lead to sex with animals.[82]
April – Apostle Harold B. Lee stated that homosexuality is a prostitution of love and the ugliest relationship that we know.[41]^:230[83]
April – Mark E. Petersen cites how homosexuality "was made a capital crime in the Bible" as evidence of the seriousness of sexual sin in a general conference address. He states "immorality is next to murder" and "the wage of sin is death" and that a rejection of morality "may bring about [this nation's] fall" as with "Greece and Rome" unless there was repentance.[84][85]

1970

The apostle Mark E. Petersen was one of the church's primary voices on the topic of homosexuality in the 70s and 80s along with Spencer W. Kimball and Boyd K. Packer.[86]^:5

1970 – The church produced Hope for Transgressors,[87] in which apostles Spencer W. Kimball and Mark E. Petersen offer ideas to leaders about how to effect a "total cure" and "bring the lives of [men with homosexual tendencies] into total normalcy" and "help these people recover" (lesbians are only mentioned once). Ideas include prayer, cutting off contact with homosexual friends, dating women and marriage,[66] and scripture reading. He calls homosexuality a "despicable", "degraded", "dread practice", and a "perversion" that would "doom the world" while labeling the person a "generally lonely and sensitive" "deviate" and "afflicted one". The guide notes that Kimball and Mark E. Petersen were designated as the church specialists on homosexuality, and that homosexuality is not "totally" the fault of "family conditions" and concludes it "CAN be cured if the battle is well organized and pursued vigorously and continuously" (emphasis in the original).[88]
March – The First Presidency under Joseph Fielding Smith sent a letter to stake presidents on March 19 which expressed concern over "the apparent increase in homosexuality and other deviations" and mentioned the 1959 assignment of apostles Kimball and Mark E. Petersen to help homosexuals.[9]^:147[36][66] It was indicated that Kimball and Petersen would "send material and give counsel" as church specialists over "a program designed ... to counsel and direct [homosexuals] back to normalcy and happiness". A follow-up letter to leaders on December 23 asked them to "ask direct questions" about homosexuality when conducting pre-mission interviews.[1]^:380
April – Victor L. Brown of the Presiding Bishopric gave a General Conference address in which he stated that a "normal" and "healthy" 12- or 13-year-old boy or girl could "develop into a homosexual" if "exposed to pornographic literature" and "abnormalities". He explains that exposure to the material would "crystallize and settle their habits for the rest of their lives", while calling recent media reporting on a same-sex marriage "filth on our newsstands".[89][90]
April – An anonymous Salt Lake, Mormon-raised lesbian woman stated in the University of Utah newspaper that she had never seen such terror and hysteria as when her mother had confronted her one time over suspicions that her daughter was gay.[91]
August – Church president Harold B. Lee taught that the "so-called 'transsexuality' doctrine" was hellish and false since God didn't place female spirits in male bodies and vice versa.[41]^:232[92]
October – Apostle Howard W. Hunter asked "what will be the result of universal free love, abortions at will, homosexuality?" in reference to his fears about the future of family, the economy, community, and the "deterioration of morality" in a General Conference address.[93]

Booklet revisions of Kimball's influential '70s discourse on homosexuality (from the top: '70, '71, '78).[9]^:147

1971

1971 – The church published a 34-page letter from Kimball to homosexual men titled New Horizons for Homosexuals. In it Kimball called homosexuality "a ruinous practice of perversion" that the church "will never condone" that begins with "curiosity" and "an unholy practice" like "an octopus with numerous tentacles to drag [the person] down to [their] tragedy". He states that saying "perverts are ... born 'that way'" is a "base lie" since homosexuality is "curable" and "can be overcome" and "recover[ed]" from. The letter asserts "God made no man a pervert" or "evil" and that "[t]o blame a weakness ... upon God is cowardly." It also calls homosexuality "ugly", "degenerate", "unnatural", "vicious", "base", a "waste of power", a "deep sin", and "an end to the family and ... civilization". The publication advises for the homosexual to recover they must "shun" anyone "associated with the transgression" and pray and read the scriptures.[94]
April – In general conference presiding bishopric counselor Victor L. Brown stated that God created masculine and feminine traits, and if gendered appearance and behavioral traits are ignored, it can lead to the "reprehensible, tragic sin of homosexuality".[95]
April – In another conference address apostle Kimball called the decriminalization of consensual same-sex sexual activity a damnable heresy, and the voices speaking in favor of churches accepting homosexuals as ugly and loud.[96][86]^:5
December – In the Ensign, Assistant to the Twelve Bernard P. Brockbank stated that "homosexual acts are inspired by the devil and are grievous sins in the sight of God".[97]

1972

April – Idaho laws which barred same-sex sexual activity between consenting adults were reinstated on the 1st under heavy pressure from the LDS church after being repealed since January 1. Mormon state senator Wayne Loveless who spearheaded the effort stated that the previous law would "encourage immorality and draw sexual deviates to the state."[98] The reinstated law restored the old wording that "every person who is guilty of the infamous crime against nature committed with mankind ... is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison for not less than five years."[99][100][101]

1973

A 1973 church publication which taught that a passive father and domineering mother can cause homosexuality and that conforming to gender norms will change it.

1973 – The church published a guide for bishops and stake presidents titled "Homosexuality: Welfare Services Packet 1", which posited that "homosexual behavior" begins by being "molested" while also stating "not all who are molested become homosexual". It also suggested that homosexuality is caused by "a domineering mother and a passive father" and that "misunderstandings of sexuality among LDS people can contribute to homosexuality." As far as changing the sexual orientation of the person, the packet says that the lesbian "needs to learn feminine behavior", and the gay man "must be introduced to and learn the heterosexual or 'straight' way of life ... and what a manly priesthood leader and father does".[102] The guide was written by BYU psychology professor Allen Bergin and LDS Social Services Personal Welfare director Victor L. Brown Jr. (the son of Presiding Bishop Victor L. Brown).[102][103][104]^:11,14–15
January – In an address to all students the president of BYU Dallin H. Oaks stated that the apostle Paul had listed those who participate in homosexual activity among his condemnation of the lawless and disobedient.[105][106]
February – An update to church policies was published as a "Statement on Homosexuality" in the Correlation Department's Priesthood Bulletin saying "homosexuality in men and women run counter ... to divine objectives."[107][1]^:382

Mormon psychologist Allen Bergin's publications were influential in shaping Mormon thought on homosexuality.

July – The July Ensign contained an article by BYU psychology professor Allen Bergin on agency. The article portrays some homosexuals as "psychologically disturbed persons" who are "compulsively driven to frequent and sometimes bizarre acts". He cites two clients with "compulsive or uncontrollable homosexuality" caused by intense fear for the opposite sex, a lack of social skills for normal male-female relationships, and seeking security exclusively from the same sex. Bergin discusses the behaviorist sexual orientation change efforts he used to treat these individuals.[108]
August – Four months before his death Church President Lee gave an address in which he warned young men to guard against the sin of Sodom and Gomorrah since homosexuality and adultery were both equally grievous sins second only to murder. He also noted the increasing acceptance of homosexuality.[41]^:232[109]
October – Presiding bishop Victor L. Brown gave a conference address in which he called homosexuality a weapon in the battle for Satan's legions to enslave mankind and destroy the family.[110]^:299[111]
November – An Ensign article stated that the homosexuality in the Canaanite's religions was part of what provoked God to have the Israelites "utterly destroy"[112] the peoples of the region of Canaan.[113]

1974

March – BYU president Oaks delivered a speech on campus in which he spoke in favor of keeping criminal punishment for "deviate sexual behavior" such as private, consensual, same-sex sexual activity. The speech was later printed by the university's press.[114][115][116]
July – The church's July edition of the Ensign magazine published the article "I Have a Question", in which a Mormon medical doctor states that homosexuals have "chosen this way of life" but "can be helped". Dr. Lindsay M. Curtis continues saying that "homosexuals and lesbians seldom are happy people" and their relationships are "unnatural", full of "emotional problems" and "promiscuity", and lacking in "fidelity, trust, or loyalty". Additionally, they try to recruit "others into their practice ... in their tender, impressionable years".[117]
July – On July 10 church president Kimball gave a modified version of his "Love vs. Lust" address previously given in 1965. In this version he states that "homosexuality and other forms of perversion are from the lower world". He also calls the use of the word "love" by homosexual persons as a "prostitution" of the term citing homosexual behavior as taking and exploiting.[118]
September – Kimball addressed the BYU student body stating that sex reassignment surgeries were an appalling travesty.[119]
October – Kimball gave his October "God Will Not be Mocked" speech at general conference as the church's president in which he again stated that masturbation leads to homosexuality. He also said "[e]very form of homosexuality is sin. Pornography is one of the approaches to that transgression."[120]
November – First presidency member Eldon Tanner stated in the November Ensign that homosexuality was permitted and practiced to such an extent that the world was "truly following the ways of Sodom and Gomorrah".[121]

1975

1975 – Advocate owner David B. Goodstein hired several gay Utah Mormons onto his San Francisco newspaper staff referring to them as the "Mormon Mafia".[122] This included bisexual trans man Patrick Califia and gay male Robert Isaac McQueen as editor. McQueen had ceased involvement with the LDS church in 1964 shortly after his mission in Austria and was excommunicated in 1979 after publishing several church-critical articles on the LGBT-LDS intersection. He died from complications due to AIDS on 8 October 1989.[123][124][125]
January – The church-operated university BYU began a purge in January to expel homosexual students under the direction of president Oaks.[64]^:126 The purge included interrogations of fine arts and drama students and surveillance of Salt Lake City gay bars by BYU security. These activities were noted in the Salt Lake Tribune[126] and the gay newspaper Advocate.[1]^:442
April – Utah's first gay newspaper Gayzette was published without a title for the first issue[1]^:442 by the recently opened Gay Community Service Center, Utah's first gay resource center.[127] It was later renamed, Salt Lick in January 1976. After a year without a Salt Lake City queer paper the Open Door was started in December 1977, and was later run by gay former Mormon Bob Waldrop from 1979[128] until it shut down in 1981.[129][130][9]^:159
May – The First Presidency sent a letter on May 30 to church leaders about the "unfortunate problem of homosexuality" encouraging them to not label people as homosexual because it makes the seem beyond solving to "conquer the habit".[1]^:442
June – The Ensign published an article by Presiding bishop Victor L. Brown which addressed parents stating that the "lack of proper affection in the home can result in unnatural behavior in their children such as homosexuality."[131]

Sergeant Matlovich, was awarded a Bronze Star Medal for heroic service in the Vietnam War, but was discharged from the military and excommunicated from the LDS church for being gay.

September – LDS member Sergeant Leonard Matlovich was featured on the September 8 cover of Time magazine with the caption "I Am a Homosexual" for his challenging of the U.S. military ban against gay men and lesbian women.[132] He was subsequently discharged from the military for openly stating his sexual orientation[133] and excommunicated from the Church two months after the article was released.[1]^:442[134]
October – Apostle Gordon B. Hinckley told the story in the October general conference of a "tragic" young man involved in "deviant moral activity" leading him to a bleak future without hope and preventing him from ever having a son. Hinckley described asking the homosexual young man about the influence of the media he consumed and of his male friends "in similar circumstances".[135]

Members of LDS Social Services (renamed in '95 then again in 2019) were tasked with treating homosexual Mormons in 1972[136]^:15 and produced several important publications on homosexuality in '73, '95, and '99.

October – Robert Blattner of LDS Social Services (which had been tasked by the church to treat homosexual members since 1972)[136]^:15 gave an address at the Association of Mormon Counselors and Psychotherapists (AMCAP) annual conference. Blattner served as a special assistant to the LDS Commissioner of Personal Welfare Victor Brown Jr.[136]^:15 In the address Blattner states that the causes of homosexuality in men are a "disturbed family background" of an "absent father" and "usually" a "controlling mother" and a "lack of relationship with peers", while for women he only says "we don't have much information". He also says homosexual behavior and alcoholism are similar. He is asked what "the church's feelings are about electric shock ... behavior modification" and answered the church had "never made a statement on it" but that "most people coming to us can be helped by it" in reference to aversion therapy research happening at BYU.[137][138]
October – LDS psychologist Robert D. Card presented his research on changing sexual attractions on Mormon men and women using shock aversion and hypnosis techniques at the AMCAP conference.[139] The goal of his treatment was eliminating same-sex sexual behavior and having his clients enter an opposite-sex marriage as was common among the Mormon approach to homosexual individuals before the 80s.[136]^:17 Card was a prominent proponent of aversion therapy and held a patent on the penile plethysmograph for measuring male sexual arousal to determine when to administer vomit-inducing drugs or electric shocks while showing his clients gay pornography.[140][138][141] He had clients referred to him by Utah judges and bishops.[142][143]

1976

1976 – A version of the Church Handbook was released changing the 1968 reading of "homo-sexual acts" being grounds for a church court to "moral transgression" like "homosexuality".[144][145] This change seemed to make Mormons vulnerable to church punishment for having a homosexual orientation alone even without sexual activity.[1]^:382
1976 – A 20-year study was published showing that 10% of BYU men and 2% of BYU women indicated having had a "homosexual experience".[1]^:442–443 In 1950, 1961, and 1972 BYU Sociology professor Wilford Smith conducted a survey of thousands of Mormon students at several universities including many from the BYU sociology department as part of a larger survey.[146]^:45 He found that "the response of Mormons [at BYU] did not differ significantly from the response of Mormons in state universities".[147]
March – BYU music professor Carlyle D. Marsden completed suicide[148] two days after being outed by an arrest during a series of police sting operations at an Orem rest stop.[149][150][151]
September – Top church leaders on the BYU Board of Trustees approved then BYU president Dallin H. Oaks's Institute for Studies in Values and Human Behavior dedicated most heavily on research for evidence supporting church views on homosexuality.[138]^:73–74 The primary assignment was writing a church-funded book on homosexuality to be published by a non-church source (in order to boost the book's scientific credibility).[152] BYU psychologist Allen Bergin acted as the director,[153][154] and book author. Institute member and church Social Services director Victor Brown Jr.[155] wrote, "Our basic theme is that truth lies with the scriptures and prophets, not with secular data or debate."[156] Several dissertations were produced by the Values Institute[65][157] before it closed in 1985.[158]
October – President Spencer W. Kimball stated in conference that homosexuality can begin by viewing "sex- and violence-oriented programs" on network television and that homosexuality (among other sexual behaviors) will "corrode the mind, snuff out self-esteem", and cause unhappiness.[159]

Packer's conference address published here has been criticized of condoning anti-gay violence.[9]^:150[146]^:38–39

October – Apostle Packer gave the sermon "To Young Men Only" in the priesthood session of general conference. The sermon counseled against the "perversion" and "wicked practices" of men "handling one another" and having physical "contact ... in unusual ways". In the sermon, Packer commended a missionary who was upset after he "floored" his assigned male companion in response to unwanted sexual advances, saying "somebody had to do it".[66] He further asserts that it is a "malicious and destructive lie" that "some are born with an attraction to their own kind". The sermon was published as a pamphlet by the church from 1980 to 2016.[160][161]
November – At a backstage press conference Church president Kimball praised Anita Bryant's anti-gay "Save Our Children" crusade which sought to bar the passing of nondiscrimination laws which would protect sexual minorities from being kicked out of their homes, fired from their jobs, and banned from restaurants solely for their sexual orientation. He stated that she was "doing a great service."[9]^:150 He continued stating that "the homosexual program is not a natural, normal way of life" and that church bishops and college-educated church counselors can aid those with "homosexual problems."[162][163]

1977

1977 – A gay BYU student and a gay BYU instructor[164] coauthored an open letter to refute the anti-gay teachings of BYU professor Reed Payne known as the "Payne Papers" pamphlet (later titled "Prologue").[165][166] This was anonymously mailed to all high-ranking LDS leaders and most BYU and Ricks College faculty causing a controversy[167] and eliciting a response from apostle Boyd K. Packer in the form of his "To the One" 1978 BYU address on homosexuality[168][9]^:157–159[169] and an article from the recently formed BYU Values Institute.[170]
1977 – Deseret Book published then apostle Ezra Taft Benson's book which stated, "Every form of homosexuality is wrong."[171][172]^:280
April – In the April general conference presiding bishopric member J. Richard Clarke told a story of a young man who claimed to have "developed into a homosexual" as part of attention-seeking rebellion against his distant father. In the address homosexuality was called a "vitiating disease" and "prison".[173]
April – Another mention of homosexuality occurred in the April general conference when church president Spencer W. Kimball asked, "Is this a time to terminate adultery and homosexual and lesbian activities, and return to faith and worthiness?"[174]
June – The Relief Society general president sent a telegram to Anita Bryant for her "Save Our Children" campaign which stated, "On behalf of the one million members of the Relief Society ... we commend you, for your courageous and effective efforts in combatting [sic] homosexuality and laws which would legitimize this insidious life style [sic]."[9]^:150[175][176]

Affirmation's logo

June – Under the name Affirmation: Gay Mormons United, the first Affirmation group was organized on 11 June[177] in Salt Lake City by Stephan Zakharias (formerly Stephen James Matthew Prince) and a group of other Mormon and former-Mormon gays and lesbians at the conference for the Salt Lake Coalition for Human Rights.[178][179][180] Stephan organized the group in response to the suicides of two BYU friends who had undergone shock aversion therapy on the campus.[181] The original organization struggled to survive until 1978, when Paul Mortensen, inspired by an article on the group in The Advocate formed the Los Angeles chapter, and in 1980 the name was changed to Affirmation: Gay & Lesbian Mormons. Through the influence of the Los Angeles chapter, Affirmation groups began appearing in many cities around the US.[182][183]

Anita Bryant's anti-gay campaign visit to Salt Lake City, applauded by LDS church leaders,[9]^:150 sparked the first public protest by Utah's LGBTQ community.[184]

September – With an invitation from LDS church leaders, Anita Bryant performed at the Utah State Fair on the 18th.[185] Her presence prompted the first public demonstration from Utah's queer community,[186][187] organized by gay, former-Mormon pastor Bob Waldrop,[188][129] in what gay, former Mormon, and historian Seth Anderson[189] referred to as "Utah's Stonewall."[184]
October – Church president Spencer W. Kimball gave an October conference address in which he spoke out against the "insidious" and "ugly" sins of homosexuality and lesbianism. He called homosexuality a "sin of the ages" that contributed to the downfall of ancient Greece, Rome, and Sodom and Gomorrah.[190]

1978

1978 – The church reissued Spencer W. Kimball's New Horizons for Homosexuals as a 30-page pamphlet titled A Letter to a Friend.[9]

Cover to the pamphlet containing apostle Boyd K. Packer's 1978 BYU speech on homosexuality.

March – Packer delivered a sermon at BYU on March 5 which went on to be published by the church as a pamphlet called "To The One."[191] Packer characterized homosexual activity as a perversion and posited that it had its roots in selfishness and stated that gay feelings could be "cured" with "unselfish thoughts, with unselfish acts".[191]^:6 He further stated that the church had not previously talked more about homosexuality because "some matters are best handled very privately"[191]^:3 and "we can very foolishly cause things we are trying to prevent by talking too much about them".[191]^:19
April – Church president Spencer W. Kimball stated in the April conference that without the restraints of family life and real religion there would be an "avalanche of appetites" leading to an increase in homosexuality.[192]
May – San Francisco PBS station KQED funded and aired a 16-minute documentary by Andrew Welch featuring interviews of gay Mormons in Salt Lake City and Provo and BYU psychologists administering the electroshock aversion therapy program in attempt to make gay students straight. It aired on PBS stations in Boston, New York City, and Los Angeles, and was the subject of controversy in Utah as KUED general manager Robert Reed refused to air it in July 1978.[193][194] Additionally, BYU's KBYU refused to air the documentary after Reverend Bob Waldrop of the Salt Lake Metropolitan Community Church petitioned to have it aired in response to the recent of showing of Packer's "To the One" speech on homosexuality.[195][2]^:238–240
August – The First Presidency released a statement on August 24 outlining reasons for their opposition to the Equal Rights Amendment including "unnatural consequences" like an "increase in the practice of homosexual and lesbian activities".[196]
December – In a Church News article apostle Mark Petersen stated that "it was not God who made [homosexuals] that way" since "He gave all mankind free agency."[197]

1979

1979 – Stephen Holbrook opened a Salt Lake community radio show featuring lesbian and gay voices while serving in the Utah State House of Representatives after his first election in 1975. The hour-long show called "Gayjavu" eventually became "Concerning Gays and Lesbians," which lasted until 2003 as one of the nation's longest continually running queer radio programs.[198][199] He had served an LDS mission in Hong Kong before disaffiliating from the LDS church, though, he did not come out as gay publicly.[200]
1979 – Gay former Mormon Bob Waldrop who had served an LDS mission in Australia[201] became the publisher and editor of Salt Lake's queer newspaper The Open Door as well as a leader in the gay-inclusive Salt Lake Metropolitan Community Church.[129][130][9]^:159 In February 1977 his congregation had had its permission rescinded by Utah state Lieutenant Governor David Monson (a Mormon) to hold a queer-inclusive church dance in the Utah Capitol building.[202]
February – The LDS Welfare Services Department offered a video-recorded, several-day training seminar to LDS Social Services employees on "homosexual therapies".[203]
February – LDS psychologist Ed D. Lauritsen presented a paper written under the direction of BYU's Values Institute to LDS Social Services which stated that a nurturing father "almost always serves as a form of psychological immunization against homosexuality in most cases" and that by improving his relationship with his children a father will "reduce the possibility of homosexuality among his children". He also stated that all LDS clinicians have a duty to "labor for the prevention of homosexuality."[9]^:157[204]
February – In a BYU devotional church seventy Vaughn Featherstone stated "the homosexual cannot be exalted" and that homosexual members envy "normal" members of the church while hiding their perversion and believing God made them different and it's not their fault they're gay.[205][206]
April – BYU's newspaper published a series of articles in April quoting church leaders and gay BYU students on homosexuality.[207][205] A BYU counselor estimated that 4% of BYU students (or around 1,200 students) were homosexual[205][208][209] and commissioner of LDS Social Services Harold Brown stated that homosexuality is not biological or inborn,[210] and that church leaders just want to help them overcome their problem.[211] LDS Social Services Personal Welfare director Victor Brown Jr. compared it to an alcoholic's addiction that can be cured.[210]

Gay Mormon marchers with Affirmation at the 1979 Los Angeles Pride parade.

July – Signs saying "BYU alumni" and "Gay Mormon" were held aloft by the Affirmation group at the Los Angeles Pride Parade in what was called the first out gay Mormon presence at a pride parade.[25]^:48[212] One of the participants was interviewed on camera wearing a BYU jersey.[213]

Gay Mormons at the National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights on 14 October 1979

October – Gay Mormons from Affirmation marched with 75,000 people in the National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights.[214][215]
December – "Affirmation: Gay Mormons United" changes its name to "Affirmation: Gay & Lesbian Mormons".[216][183]

1980

The church opposed the ERA in part from believing it would lead to same-sex marriage and parenting.[217]

March – The Ensign published the article "The Church and the Proposed Equal Rights Amendment: A Moral Issue" outlining the church's arguments against the Equal Rights Amendment. These included the possibility it could give "constitutional protection to immoral same-sex—lesbian and homosexual—marriages", thus, "giving legal sanction to the rearing of children" in a "homosexual home".[217]
April – Apostle Bruce R. McConkie gave an April conference address in which he grouped homosexuals with liars, thieves, and murderers in a list of evil "covering the earth".[218]
October – Kimball again addressed homosexuality in the October General Conference asserting that "[s]ometimes masturbation is the introduction to the more serious ... sin of homosexuality."[219]

1981

1981 – Church leaders sent every bishop and stake president a copy of a book on human sexuality and families by Church Welfare Services director[220] Victor Brown Jr. The book stated that it was disturbing that renowned sexologists had stated that bisexual individuals were privileged for not experiencing sexual prejudice and that they pointed the way for society at large.[136]^:6[221] Brown further stated that equating same-sex relationships with opposite-sex marriage was fallacious and inconsistent and that homosexual people were less disciplined and orderly in their relationships than heterosexuals.[136]^:6[222]
1981 – The church issued a guide for LDS Social Services employees called Understanding and Changing Homosexual Orientation Problems, instructing them that because of agency it is "inconsistent" to think that a "homosexual orientation is inborn or locked in, and there is no real hope of change," and that "the homosexually oriented man ... does not fully understand how a masculine man is supposed to think and act." The guide further states that the homosexual's "thoughts of the opposite sex are often fearful or threatening."[223]

A 1981 manual for local leaders which taught homosexuality wasn't inborn, but caused by masturbation or an unhealthy childhood, and was changeable through praying, and heterosexual dating.[224][1]^:51

1981 – The First Presidency and Twelve Apostles also issued a guide for church leaders simply called "Homosexuality" which stated "modern-day prophets have clearly promised that homosexuality can be changed", and that it was "inconceivable that ... [the Lord] would permit ... his children to be born with [homosexual] desires and inclinations". It advised "full rehabilitation" could take 1 to 3 years, and that being "cured" doesn't mean "the old thoughts never return". The booklet gave guidelines for "treatment and prevention of homosexuality" and "lesbianism". It taught that homosexual behavior is learned and influenced by "unhealthy emotional development in early childhood", a "disturbed family background, "poor relationships with peers", "unhealthy sexual attitudes", and "early homosexual experiments". "Early masturbation experiences" were also cited as reinforcing "homosexual interests". Church leaders recommended the leader encourage the member to disclose the names of sexual partners, to read The Miracle of Forgiveness and "To the One", to begin dating, and to pray in order to help change their sexual orientation.[224][1]^:51[225]
April – Church Welfare Services director Victor Brown Jr. published an article in the Association of Mormon Counselors and Psychotherapists journal which outlined his theory on how men become gay stating that "homosexuality is learned not inherent" and caused by "parent-child disturbances, gender and role distortion, relationship skill deficits", "masturbatory fantasy", "a severe realization of being different", and then a merging of the "person and [homosexual] role".[226]
April – In General Conference, church Seventy Hartman Rector Jr. gave a speech in which he stated the earth would be wasted if Jesus returns and "finds nothing but birth control, sterilization, and homosexuals." He added, "If children have a happy family experience they will not want to be homosexual."[227] Rector also stated he was "sure" that homosexuality "is an acquired addiction, just as drugs, alcohol and pornography are." He also stated "I do not believe" that homosexuals "were born that way" because "[t]here are no female spirits trapped in male bodies and vice versa."[228][229][230]
April – In the same conference apostle Ezra Taft Benson denounced how some public schools gave sanction to "alternative life-styles" and "perverse practices" such as "lesbianism".[231][172]^:296
October – A march of about 15 gay post-Mormons calling themselves "Ethyl and Friends for Gay Rights" was given city permission to protest on public property around Temple Square during the church's general conference with signs like "We are God’s Children." The leader Randy Smith (whose drag performance name was Ethel) had previously undergone electroshock aversion therapy at BYU.[232][233][234]

1982

August – In a speech to BYU on Aug 28 then president of Ricks College Bruce C. Hafen counseled students to avoid homosexuality "at all costs, no matter what the circumstances". He further cited the 1973 removal of homosexuality as a mental disorder from the DSM as an example of something gone wrong "deep within our national soul".[235]
August – The Church-owned television station KBYU refused to air the third segment of a documentary on homosexuality in Utah in part because it contained interviews of anonymous gay BYU students. The producer Kevin Mitchell stated their faces were not shown as he believed they would be kicked out of BYU if their identities were revealed.[236]
October – Apostle Ezra Benson stated in general conference that homosexuality was one of the most obvious great problems in our society and that it was a symptom of failure in the home.[237]

1983

1983 – The Church Handbook was updated to state that a church court "may be convened to consider" serious transgressions including "homosexuality" and "lesbianism" but is not required.[238] Additionally, a section on gender confirmation surgery was added stating the receiving or administering the procedure requires disciplinary action including excommunication for any member changing their sex with no chance for rebaptism. Individuals joining the church after the procedure would be ineligible for receiving the priesthood or temple rites.[239]
September – Salt Lake City native Michael Painter died of HIV-related causes, the first known AIDS death in Utah. He had served an LDS mission and had been married to a woman, though he was gay.[240][241]
October – Apostle Ezra Taft Benson gave a conference address in which he called homosexuality one of the "great problems in our society" and decried the use of the term "alternative life-style" as an attempt to justify homosexuality.[242]
November – Benson published an article stating that a priesthood holder is virtuous and thus will not exhibit "homosexual behavior, self-abuse, child molestation, or any other sexual perversions."[243]

1984

July – Gay former Mormon Gerald Pearson died of complications due to AIDS under the care of his former spouse Carol Lynn Pearson. After Gerald confessed same-sex sexual experimentation to his bishop, he told Gerald to marry a woman to make his life right. He later met Carol at BYU in 1965 and they were married in 1966.[244] Carol would go on to write a memoir Goodbye, I Love You in 1986, a landmark work on the intersection of homosexuality and Mormonism.[245]
August – Apostle Oaks wrote a church memo in which he recommended the church make a public statement to "oppose job discrimination laws protecting homosexuals" unless there were exceptions for allowing employers to "exclude homosexuals from employment that involves teaching ... young people". He also noted "the irony [that] would arise if the Church used [Reynolds v. United States]," the principal 1878 ruling stating that marriage is between a man and a woman, "as an argument for the illegality of homosexual marriages [since it was] formerly used against the Church to establish the illegality of polygamous marriages." Oaks also clarified that the word homosexuality is used in two senses: as a "condition" or "tendency", and as a "practice" or "activity".[246][247]
October – Church seventy Richard G. Scott gave a discourse in which he says "stimulation can lead to acts of homosexuality, and they are evil and absolutely wrong".[248]

1985

1985 – A few members of Affirmation including Antonio Feliz formed a Latter Day Saint church for lesbian and gay Mormons known as the Restoration Church of Jesus Christ.[249][250]

1986

January – BYU published a study by BYU professor and area Church Welfare Services director Victor Brown Jr.[251] stating that people can eliminate homosexual feelings.[252][253]
March – Twenty-six-year-old Clair Harward who was dying from complications due to AIDS was excommunicated for his homosexuality and told by his Ogden, Utah bishop Bruce Don Bowen to disclose the identities of and avoid his gay friends,[254][255] and banned from church meetings for fear of spreading the disease.[256][257] His story made national headlines[240] and prompted a statement from a church spokesperson.[258][259][260]
June – Church seventy Theodore Burton stated in a BYU-wide address that pornography is a selfish indulgence that leads to homosexuality.[261][262]
October – The president of the church Ezra Taft Benson announced in conference that a priesthood holder is virtuous and does not participate in, "fornication, homosexual behavior, self-abuse, child molestation, or any other sexual perversion."[172]^:283[263]
October – The New York Times published an article on AIDS in Utah citing the strong influence that Mormon teachings have on the state since 65% of the population were Mormon. The article stated that church members identified as homosexual were directed by the church to marry and that they faced great pressure not to acknowledge their gay feelings often leading to double lives. It further stated that since 1983, 47 Utahns had been diagnosed with AIDS and 24 had died. Several gay Mormon men were quoted saying that they had faced church pressure to marry with the belief that marriage would "cure" their feelings.[264]
December – An article for parents appeared in the Ensign reaffirming that "sometimes masturbation is the introduction to ... the gross sin of homosexuality" which "is a perversion of the Lord’s designated roles of men and women".[265]

Apostle Oaks has been an influential figure in church interactions with homosexual people, instituting a system of surveillance to identify and expel or attempt to "cure" homosexual students as president of BYU in the '70s, and doing numerous important video interviews and articles on the topic in the '80s, '90s, and 2000s.

December – Dallin H. Oaks commented in a December 30 CBS-TV interview that "marriage is not doctrinal therapy for homosexual relations" and that "he did not know whether individual leaders have given such advice."[266][1]^:393[267]

1987

April – Gordon B. Hinckley of the First Presidency gave a conference address in which he stated, "homosexual relations ... are grievous sins." He continued by saying "marriage between a man and a woman is ordained of God .... Marriage should not be viewed as a therapeutic step to solve problems such as homosexual inclinations or practices, which first should clearly be overcome with a firm and fixed determination never to slip to such practices again."[268]
June – Seventy Theodore M. Burton implied a link between a "selfish indulgence" in pornography and homosexuality in his address to BYU on June 3.[269]
October – At BYU the president of the church Ezra Taft Benson discussed the US AIDS epidemic stating that the Americans should abstain from any sex outside of marriage and that the issue "began primarily through widespread homosexuality."[172]^:410[270]
November – Joy Evans of the Relief Society General Presidency stated that "there are lesbian women, as well as homosexual men, in the Church" to whom "the Lord has decreed 'Thou shalt not'". She acknowledges it is a hard task but states they must "keep the commandments" since "intimate relationships ... between those of the same sex, is forbidden". The article appeared in that month's issue of the Ensign.[271]

1988

1988 – Gay BYU history professor and former BYU student[272] Michael Quinn resigned under increasing pressure for publications on controversial aspects of Mormon history[273][274] after working for the university since 1976.[275][276] He was later excommunicated in September 1993 along with other LDS scholars referred to as the September Six.
1988 – Gay, Mormon convert[277] and activist David Sharpton founded the People With AIDS Coalition of Utah (PWACU) to serve the HIV-positive population of Utah after contracting HIV in 1985.[240][278][279] He died in 1992 after living with AIDS for seven years.[280][281][25]^:67–68
May – The First Presidency released a statement on AIDS stating, "Members of the Church should extend compassion to those who are ill with AIDS," and urging members to only have sex in an opposite-sex marriage.[282]
October – The Ensign featured an article from BYU psychologist Allen Bergin in which he stated that homosexuality was "caused by some combination of biology and environment".[283]
November – On November 22 a 20-year-old man from a prominent Mormon family in Delta, Utah[284][285] and another Utah man raped, tortured, and brutally murdered Gordon Church—a 28-year-old, gay, Mormon, student—near Cedar City, Utah in an anti-gay hate crime before US hate crime laws existed.[286][287]

1989

1989 – The Church Handbook was updated to state that a church court is required for any "homosexual relations" committed by a member while holding a "prominent church position" such as a bishop[288]
1989 – Evergreen International was founded[289] to help Mormons who want to "diminish same-sex attractions and overcome homosexual behavior".[290]
February – A national TV story hosted by Peter Jennings featured Malcolm Pace, a former-Mormon gay man who was dying of AIDS, and his deathbed reconciliation with his Mormon parents. The father stated, "I love my son and my religious beliefs. They don't mix."[291][292]

1990

The 1990 edition of the "For the Strength of Youth" pamphlet called homosexuality an abomination.[293]^:3

1990 – The church published a version of the "For the Strength of Youth" pamphlet which contained its first explicit mention of homosexuality.[294] The pamphlet was to be put "in the hands of every young person in each ward".[295] In this pamphlet's eighth version section on "Sexual Purity" it states "the Lord specifically forbids ... sex perversion such as homosexuality". It continues "homosexual and lesbian activities are sinful and an abomination to the Lord" and "unnatural affections ... toward persons of the same gender are counter to God's eternal plan".[296]
April – The church distributed the booklet "Keys to Understanding Homosexuality" to its LDS Social Services employees which contained twenty-five suggestions to help male homosexual clients such as discouraging them from coming out of the closet, increasing their hope for changing their attractions, and helping them dress and act heterosexual.[297]
October – BYU shock aversion therapy survivor[141] and activist Connell O'Donovan organized Utah's first pride march. The marchers went right past the Salt Lake temple and the event complemented the annual Utah Gay and Lesbian Pride Day Festival that had been held since 1986. During next year's march participants were met with neo-nazi protesters at the Salt Lake City and County building.[298][299]
October – Packer gave an October General Conference talk in which he warned against "spiritually dangerous lifestyles" including "abortion, the gay-lesbian movement, and drug addiction" continuing to state that using scriptures to justify "perverted acts" of "gay or lesbian conduct" between "consenting adults" would by the same logic justify the "molesting of little children".[300]

1991

1991 – Gamofites, a support group for gay Mormon fathers, is founded.[301]
March – During a case hearing Young Men's president and church Seventy Jack H. Goaslind gave a testimonial and stated on record that "[the church] would withdraw" from the Boy Scouts of America if homosexual youth were allowed to join, implying a current church policy banning youth based on sexual orientation.[302][303] In March 1910 the church's Young Men’s Mutual Improvement Association had adopted the Boy Scouts of America program as the church-wide program for young men in the US.[304]
May – The play Angels in America which prominently featured a gay Mormon man in a mixed-orientation marriage debuted in San Francisco.[305][306] It would go on to a Broadway run, winning Tony Awards, a Pulitzer prize, and spawning a 2003 HBO miniseries.[307][308]
November – The First Presidency sent a letter on November 14 to be read in all congregations stating "homosexual and lesbian behavior is sinful" and that homosexual "thoughts and feelings, regardless of their causes, can and should be overcome" by "sincere repentance", "persistent effort", "the help of others", and "counsel from their bishop". The letter made a distinction "between immoral thoughts and feelings and participating in ... any homosexual behavior", and calls for "love and understanding" for those "struggling" to "overcom[e] inappropriate thoughts and feelings".[309]

1992

Cover of a 1992 manual which marked a shift in LDS church rhetoric towards changing homosexual behavior rather than feelings.[51]^:40–41

1992 – The church published "Understanding and Helping Those Who Have Homosexual Problems" as a guide for ecclesiastical leaders. The six-page booklet states, "There is a distinction between immoral thoughts and feelings and participating in ... homosexual behavior. However, such thoughts and feelings, regardless of their causes can and should be overcome and sinful behavior should be eliminated." It further advised, "members can overcome these problems by turning to the Lord." "In some cases, heterosexual feelings emerge leading to happy, eternal marriage relationships." The pamphlet did not frame homosexuality as a disease corresponding to the recent change by the World Health Organization removing homosexuality as a mental disorder.[66][310]
April – Seventy Vaughn Featherstone decried the attempts at legalizing homosexuality during his lifetime as among compromising, drifting philosophies in his general conference speech.[311]
April – The apostle Packer stated in general conference that humans can degrade themselves below animals by pairing with people of the same-sex since animals don't mate with other animals of the same sex.[312] However, same-sex pairing has been observed in more than 1,500 species, and well-documented for 500 of them.[313][314] He had also stated this a month prior in a sermon at BYU.[315][316]

1993

1993 – Family Fellowship, a support group for LDS who have LGBT family members, is founded.
1993 – The Encyclopedia of Mormonism is published containing former presiding bishop Victor L. Brown's article titled "Homosexuality." It stated that "the divine mandate of marriage between man and woman puts in perspective why homosexual acts are offensive to God. They repudiate the gift and the Giver of eternal life."[317] The church's flagship school Brigham Young University has owned the copyright to the Encyclopedia since 2001.[266]

Apostle Boyd K. Packer played a large role in shaping over three decades of teachings on homosexuality through numerous speeches containing the subject.

May – Packer gave his May 18 "Talk to the All-Church Coordinating Council" (composed of the First Presidency, the Quorum of the Twelve, and the Presiding Bishopric).[318] In it Packer identified three groups, that pose a "temptation" or "danger" to "lead away" members: those in the "gay and lesbian" and "feminist" movements, and "so-called scholars or intellectuals". In the address he stated that a man who self-identifies as a homosexual has "gender disorientation".[319]
September - The September Six are excommunicated. They include the feminist Lavina Fielding Anderson and historian D. Michael Quinn. Despite his excommunication and critical writings, Quinn, who is now openly gay,[320] still considers himself to be a Latter-day Saint.[321]
October – Apostle Dallin H. Oaks gave a conference address stating that "Satan seeks to ... confuse gender" and "there are many political, legal, and social pressures for changes that confuse gender and homogenize the differences between men and women".[322]
October – Church Seventy Spencer J. Condie related a story of a homosexual man's conversion in his October General Conference talk. Condie calls homosexuality an unclean "addictive behavior" that the man in the story developed "gradually" after being "introduced" to it "in his early youth" after which he had "relationships" which brought him "misery". Later the man read the Book of Mormon, experienced a "mighty change of heart", and was baptized, and was able to overcome his "homosexual tendencies" and marry a woman.[323]

1994

1994 – Disciples2, a confidential online and email support group, was founded. It operated from 1994 to about 2013[324] for male and female "strugglers" striving to follow church teachings.[325][326][327]
February – The First Presidency issued a statement declaring that the church "opposes any efforts" towards same-sex marriage and encourages members "to appeal to legislators ... to reject all efforts to ... support marriages between persons of the same gender."[328]
April – Apostle Boyd K. Packer gave a conference address mentioning "gender identity" and "those confused about gender" as well as stating that changes in the laws around marriage and gender threaten the family.[329]
May – The church's publishing company published Laurie Campbell's "Born That Way?" under a pen name on her leaving a relationship with a woman and marrying a man.[330][331]
October – Apostle Richard G. Scott gave a conference address restating a part of Spencer W. Kimball's October 1980 conference talk by saying that "stimulation" or masturbation can lead to "acts of homosexuality".[332]
October – The apostle Joseph B. Wirthlin gave a general conference address in which he stated, "we are to avoid abnormal sexual behavior, including fornication, homosexual behavior, child molestation, or any other perversion of God’s plan of happiness."[333][334]
November – Apostle James E. Faust gave a speech at BYU in which he stated that homosexuality is not biological or inborn and that same-sex marriage would unravel families, the fabric of human society.[335]

1995

1995 – The church's Family Services published the manual "Understanding and Helping Individuals with Homosexual Problems" advising practitioners how to prevent and treat homosexuality saying, "There is sufficient scientific research and clinical evidence to conclude that homosexuality is treatable and preventable." The guide states that male homosexuality is caused by "the motivation to repair the loss of the father-son relationship creat[ing] sexualized father-hunger or reparative drive", and that "in the homosexual male this core gender identity has become confused". The manual cites "the roots of lesbianism" as "a dysfunctional family relationship" and/or "physical, sexual and emotional abuse" which causes women to "have a tendency to develop overly dependent or enmeshed emotional relationships". The guide further states that the "love between homosexuals is pseudo-love".[336]
January – The church's newspaper published an article by BYU professor Daniel Judd in which he stated that the power of Christ freed a man from his problem of homosexuality.[337][338]
February – The LDS Church begins efforts opposing same-sex marriage laws including recruiting members to work with and donate to Hawaii's Future Today in opposition to efforts to legalize same-sex marriage in Hawaii.[339] Pamphlets were spread in church meetings and church facilities were used to fax statements to legislative committees.[340] The campaign spanned years and the church reported giving $600,000 in 1998 to the Hawaiian political-action group Save Traditional Marriage '98.[341][342]
April – The apostle Richard G. Scott stated in general conference that participating in homosexual acts is a deviant, unacceptable alternate lifestyle, and requires long sustained repentance and many prayers in order to receive forgiveness.[343][344]
September – James E. Faust gave a First Presidency member message in the September Ensign in which he denies any biological or "inherited" components in the etiology of homosexuality citing "no scientific evidence" supporting the "false belief of inborn homosexual orientation" leading to "so-called alternative lifestyles". He continued that if there was an inherited or inborn aspect to homosexuality it would "frustrate the whole plan of mortal happiness" and deny "the opportunity to change" leading to "discouragement, disappointment, and despair". The article also stated that same-sex relationships would also help "unravel the fabric of human society" and if practiced by everyone would "mean the end of the human family".[345]

"The Family: A Proclamation to the World" is a 1995 LDS church statement used as a legal document in several court case amicus briefs opposing same-sex marriage.[346]

September – "The Family: A Proclamation to the World" was read on September 23, 1995 at the Relief Society General Conference meeting by Gordon B. Hinckley. The document states that "marriage between a man and a woman is ordained of God" and "is essential to His eternal plan". It also teaches that everyone is a "spirit son or daughter of heavenly parents" and "gender is an essential characteristic of individual premortal, mortal, and eternal identity and purpose".[347] It has been submitted by the church in amicus briefs as evidence against court cases which could legalize same-sex marriages.[346]
October – Gordon B. Hinckley gave an October General Conference talk in which he states that "same-sex marriage" is an "immoral practic[e]" though he says that members of the churth "reach out" their hearts "to those who struggle with feelings of affinity for the same gender" and "remember" them, "sympathize with" them, and regard them as brothers and sisters.[348]
October – Church Seventy Durrel A. Woolsey stated in general conference that Satan makes powerful and ungodly proclamations like "same-gender intimate associations and even marriages are acceptable."[349]
October – The church published an article by apostle Dallin H. Oaks in the October edition of the monthly Ensign magazine.[350] in which Oaks states "we insist that erotic feelings toward a person of the same sex are irregular", but that "our doctrines obviously condemn those who engage in so-called 'gay bashing'—physical or verbal attacks". He says members should encourage those with AIDS to participate in church activities. He also seems to contradict Faust's address from a month earlier[7]^:58 by giving a nuanced view on potential biological components of the etiology of homosexuality stating "some kinds of feelings seem to be inborn" while others "seem to be acquired from a complex interaction of 'nature and nurture,". He continues, "the feelings ... that increase susceptibility to certain behavior may have some relationship to inheritance". However, Oaks discourages members from calling themselves or other people lesbian or gay saying, "we should refrain from using [gay and lesbian] as nouns to identify specific persons. Our religious doctrine dictates this usage. It is wrong to use these words to denote a condition."[66][351]

1996

1996 – Previously excommunicated Mormon historian D. Michael Quinn and his controversial book Same-Sex Dynamics Among Nineteenth-Century Americans: A Mormon Example both come out.[352]

In 1996 a Salt Lake City high school became a focal point of tension between LGBT individuals and a largely LDS city administration and population.

February – Salt Lake City became the only US city to have its Board of Education ban all students clubs after Mormon students Erin Wiser and Kelli Peterson[353][354] formed an East High School club called the "Gay/Straight Alliance" in September 1995. The club had cited a federal law sponsored by LDS Utah Senator Orrin Hatch which forbade school boards from discriminating against clubs, although, Hatch stated that the law was never meant to promote "immoral speech or activity". Four-hundred of Salt Lake's high school students protested the ban.[355][356] One Mormon senior at East High was quoted stating that he would rather all clubs be banned than allow the gay-straight alliance.[357] Additionally, Mormon state representative Grant Protzman[358][359] stated “I think that many legislators have serious concerns about the group’s moving into recruitment of fresh meat for the gay population."[360][361] Club founder Peterson responded that recruitment was not at all what the club is about, stating that it was founded to help her and her LGBT friends deal with a hostile school atmosphere where she faced physical and verbal assault as an out lesbian.[362][363] In response to the gay-straight alliance group, some students at West High formed the Student Against Faggots Everywhere (SAFE) group.[364][365][366]
July – BYU Spanish professor Thomas Matthews was reported to a top LDS authority for previously stating that he was gay in private conversations. He stated that BYU did not like that he was out of the closet despite being celibate and keeping BYU codes of conduct, and eventually left the university a few months later.[367] BYU president Lee had stated that it was "simply not comfortable for the university" for him to continue teaching there.[368][369]^:162–163[370]

1997

1997 – A poll of over 400 BYU students found that 42% of students believed that even if a same-sex attracted person keeps the honor code they should not be allowed to attend BYU and nearly 80% said they would not live with a roommate attracted to people of the same sex. The poll's stated 5 percent margin of error was criticized as being too low an estimate because of the cluster sampling in classes, however.[371]

During his 13 years as president, Hinckley brought a shift in tone towards empathy in church public discussions on homosexuality.[372]^:46[373]^:62

January – Issue of the church's Ensign magazine contained an anonymously authored article "Becoming Whole Again". In it the author who was married to a woman discussed his struggle with "same-gender attraction" calling it a "trial", "weakness", "impure thought", "temptation", and "misguided feeling" caused by "longing for true brotherly love or a desire for masculine characteristics". At the end the author states "same-gender attraction can be successfully resisted and overcome".[374][375]
March – Church seventy Bruce C. Hafen presented at the World Congress of Families in the Czech Republic. He stated that one thing that will unbridle societal principles and harm us was legalizing same-sex marriage and that, "if the law endorses everything it tolerates, we will eventually tolerate everything and endorse nothing—except tolerance."[376]
April – Gordon B. Hinckley, president of the church, gave an interview in April in which he stated "we have gays in the church. Good people." He continued saying that no action is taken against them unless they're involved in sexual transgression, in which case there are "certain penalties" same as with "heterosexuals". He reaffirmed the stance that God made marriage for one man and one woman and that essentially gay people must live a "celibate life".[377]
November – The church Seventy Jay E. Jensen told a reporter that the LDS Church offers gay people help and support that will point them to happiness.[378] He had presented at the September Evergreen International conference two months before.[379]

1998

1998 – The Church Handbook is updated to ban members from full-time missionary service who have participated in "homosexual acts" from age 15 and on unless it has been at least one year since the occurrence and the leaders see "strong evidence of lasting repentance and reformation".[380] The update also includes the first church policies sections on homosexuality and same-gender marriage stating if members have "homosexual thoughts or feelings or engage in homosexual actions" they should be helped to understand faith, repentance, life's purpose, and should be helped to "accept responsibility for their thoughts". Additionally, the manual asserts that the Church "opposes any efforts to legalize" same-gender marriages and encourages members to appeal to government officials to reject those efforts.[381]
October – The church donated a half million dollars[342][341] to oppose efforts to legalize same-sex marriage in Alaska.[382][383]
October – Church president Gordon B. Hinckley gave a general conference sermon and said "so-called gays and lesbians" have "certain inclinations which are powerful and which may be difficult to control". He continued "We want to help these people ... with their problems ... and difficulties", as well as stating "we love them" but made it clear that the church could not support "so-called same-sex marriage".[384][375]
October – Two days later twenty-one-year-old gay student Matthew Shepard was tortured and left for dead by Mormon-raised Eagle Scout Russell Henderson,[385] and Aaron McKinney in Laramie, Wyoming. McKinney would later state “The night I did it, I did have hatred for homosexuals” and that he target Shepard because “he was obviously gay. That played a part. His weakness. His frailty.”[386] Mormon congregations joined other Laramie denominations in including Shepard's family in their prayers.[387] Rulon Stacey, the LDS CEO of the Colorado hospital where Shepard died became caught in the ensuing media storm and later stated that he received hate mail for expressing grief and support over a gay murder victim and his family.[388] In The Laramie Project play about the murder, there are parts with an LDS stake leader and LDS home teachers to the family of one of Shepard's killers.[389]

1999

May – The Area Presidency of the North America West Area, composed of Area Seventies, sent a letter to all area leaders directing a letter to be read in all California sacrament meeting which directed members to "do all you can by donating your means and time" to ensure that Proposition 22 (known as the Knight Initiative) passed.[3]^:157[390] This act restricted marriage recognition in California to that between a man and a woman denying homosexual or same-sex couples legal recognition of their unions. A follow-up letter directed to stake presidents from Area Seventy Douglas L. Callister on May 20 assigned them to invite church members to donate money to the "Defense of Marriage Committee" in order to pass Prop 22.[3]^:157[391] A third letter was released eight months later on January 11 a month and a half before the proposition would pass asking members to "redouble their efforts" in contacting neighbors and friends and to place the "provided yard signs" in their lawns.[392]
September – The church's Ensign magazine published an article by Family Services assistant commissioner A. Dean Byrd who also served on the Evergreen Board of Trustees. Byrd posited that "homosexuality is not innate and unchangeable", but is caused by "temperament, personality traits, sexual abuse, familial factors, and treatment by one’s peers". He further asserted that individuals can "diminish homosexual attraction" and that "when homosexual difficulties have been fully resolved, heterosexual feelings can emerge". In support of this he stated "many individuals who have experienced homosexual difficulties have" had their "burdens" or "trial" "lifted through the Lord’s grace." The article continued acknowledging that those who desire to diminish their "homosexual urgings" may "experience extreme pain because of the extensive changes that are required" including "changing one’s thoughts ... friendships ... or even clothing styles".[393]
October – Church president Hinckley gave an October General Conference talk called "Why We Do Some of the Things We Do". He stated "so-called same-sex marriage ... is not a matter of civil rights; it is a matter of morality." He added, "we love and honor" and "our hearts reach out to ... gays and lesbians" and "they are welcome in the church".[394]
October – Some members of Affirmation in Salt Lake City protested the church's lobbying and funding of initiatives in California and other states to keep the traditional definition of marriage.
November – Director of BYU's World Family Policy Center Kathryn Balmforth addressed the World Congress of Families in Geneva.[395][396] In her speech she stated that gay rights activists are part of an anti-family movement that is hijacking human rights by legal force to gain power and "curtail the freedom of most of humanity."[397]
November – A PBS documentary on the intersection between the Utah Mormon community and homosexuality titled "Friends and Family: A Community Divided" aired on Utah's public television.[398][399] It featured interviews from LDS Family Fellowship leaders[400] and their gay son and lesbian daughter, LDS bishop and Evergreen International director David Pruden,[401] a lesbian active Mormon, and a gay active Mormon man married to a woman.[402][403]

References

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Quinn, D. Michael (15 January 1997). The Mormon Hierarchy: Extensions of Power (1 ed.). Salt Lake City, Utah: Signature Books. p. 804. ISBN 1560850604. 5 Apr., 'Clyde Felt has confessed to cutting the throat of old man Collins, at his request. The old man was a moral degenerate. The boy is a son of David P. Felt.' Grandson of former general authority, Clyde Felt is fourteen. Despite this blood atonement murder, LDS leaders allow [the] young man to be endowed and married in temple eight years later.
Williams, Ben (21 March 2014). "Murder at Hell's Hollow". qsaltlake.com. QSaltLake Magazine.
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Thomas, Kate (January 1903). "Song". Young Woman's Journal. 14 (1): 34. A Scarlet West. / An East merged into eventide, / A bare, brown plain; and by my side / The one, the one in all the world / I love the best! / Last night's gay mask— / The outward wildness and the inward ache— / I cast forever. From her lips I take / Joy never-ceasing. Brown plain and her kiss, / Are all I ask.
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Kasius, Cora (June 1925). "The Transportation Problem". Relief Society Magazine. 12 (6): 303.
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"Ruth Drake is Suicide Says Inquest Jury". Daily Herald. 57 (142). Associated Press. 3 December 1926. p. 1. Archived from the original on 24 March 2018 – via Newspapers.com. Funeral services for Sarah [Lundstedt] will be held in the Twenty-third ward chapel of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Mormon, at Layton Sunday afternoon.
"Murder and Suicide Bared in Love Pact of S.L. Girls". The Salt Lake Telegram. 25 (304). Associated Press. 29 November 1926. p. 5. Archived from the original on 24 March 2018 – via Newspapers.com. On January 1, 1925, Ruth Drake came to Salt Lake to attend L.D.S. business college and lived with the Lundstedt family. First part of the article archived here, second part here.
"Order Inquest in Deaths of Girls of Strange Love". The Ogden Standard-Examiner. 25 (304). Associated Press. 30 November 1926. pp. 1–2. Archived from the original on 25 March 2018 – via Newspapers.com. Tone of the letters ... show that an intimacy began with a schoolgirl friendship and developed to the point where their correspondence was filled with burning admissions of love. Page 2 of the article archived here.
"Girls' Suicide Pact is Proved". The San Bernardino County Sun. 59 (92). Associated Press. 29 November 1926. p. 1. Archived from the original on 23 March 2018 – via Newspapers.com. For four years a strange affection had existed between the girl, and it is the opinion of the authorities that they chose death together rather than separation ....
"Unusual Love Believed Back Two Girls' Deaths in S.L." The Ogden Standard-Examiner. 57 (138). Associated Press. 29 November 1926. p. 1. Archived from the original on 25 March 2018 – via Newspapers.com. The dead young women are: Miss Ruth Drake, 19 ... Miss Sarah Lundstedt, 22 Page 2 of the article archived here.
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Wood, Stacy; Cubé, Caroline. "Mildred Berryman papers 1918-1990". oac.cdlib.org. University of California, Los Angeles.
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Kane, Rich (11 April 2017). "Whatever happened to ... the Radio City Lounge, Utah's oldest gay bar?". The Salt Lake Tribune. Salt Lake City's Radio City Lounge was known as the oldest gay bar west of the Mississippi. ... 'I was raised a very staunch Mormon. ... I prayed a lot to change because I knew this was not acceptable and the church was not going to accept me,' he says. He [Bob Sorensen] met his future husband, Jim Swensen, at Radio City in 1966. They now live in Arizona. ... [Rose] Carrier played the traditional role of bartender-slash-psychiatrist for her customers, many of whom were married Mormon men with children at home.
Kofoed, Earl (April 1993). "Memories of Being Gay at BYU". Affinity. Affirmation: 5, 9. Archived from the original on 17 June 2006.
Clark, J. Reuben (2 October 1952). "Home and the Building of Home Life" (PDF). Relief Society Magazine: 793–794. Retrieved 3 November 2016. ... [T]he crimes for which Sodom and Gomorrah were destroyed–we have coined a softer name for them than came from old; we now speak of homosexuality, which, it is tragic to say, is found among both sexes. ...Not without foundation is the contention of some that the homosexuals are today exercising great influence in shaping our art, literature, music, and drama.
Williams, Clyde J. (1996). The Teachings of Harold B. Lee. Salt Lake City, Utah: Bookcraft Inc. ISBN 1570084831.
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Marcus, Eric. "Morris Foote". makinggayhistory.com. Pineapple Street Media. According to the late journalist John Gersassi—whose 1966 book, 'The Boys of Boise: Furor, Vice and Folly in an American City,' chronicles the scandal—the police questioned nearly fifteen hundred Boise citizens and gathered the names of hundreds of suspected homosexuals by the time the investigation ran its course the following year. All told, sixteen men were arrested on charges ranging from 'lewd and lascivious conduct with minor children under the age of sixteen' to 'infamous crimes against nature.' Of the sixteen, ten went to jail, including several whose only crime had been to engage in sex with another consenting adult male.
Barclay, Donald (22 April 1981). "Coming Out in Boise". University News. Boise State University. p. 9.
Gerassi, John G. (1 November 2001). "The Boys". The Boys of Boise: Furor, Vice and Folly in an American City (Reprint ed.). Seattle: University of Washington Press. pp. 30, 31. ISBN 0295981679. 'Of course, in Boise there's the extra element of the power of the Mormons ... The atmosphere is stifling, and the pressure to conform enormous. The city fathers or bigwigs take it upon themselves to impose standards for everyone else.' ... 'Of the sixty-five kids, thirty-five were Mormons ....' Butler did interview thirty-two of the sixty-five kids who were thought to have been involved in some way with the homosexuals. ... 'Most of the kids who had participated had done for a combination of kicks and rebellion against parental authority.'
Clark, J. Reuben (April 1957). Sexual Sin (PDF). Scriptures.BYU.EDU: LDS Church. p. 87.
McConkie, Bruce R. (1958). Mormon Doctrine. Deseret Book.
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Tapper, Jake (6 October 2006). "A Brief History Of Gays In Government". ABC News. 1959 – Political thriller 'Advise and Consent' features fictional Utah Sen. Brigham Anderson driven to suicide when political enemies threaten to expose a gay affair from his youth.
Simon, Scott (2 September 2009). "At 50, a D.C. Novel With Legs". The Wall Street Journal. The man who turns out to almost unwillingly stand in the way of confirmation is an unflinchingly honest young senator from Utah who has concealed a wartime homosexual tryst. ... Drury's most appealing character is Brigham Anderson, the young senator from Utah. When Otto Preminger brought 'Advise and Consent' to the screen in 1962, the senator's homosexuality is called a "tired old sin.' But in Drury's book, Brigham Anderson is candid and unapologetic to those closest to him. 'It didn't seem horrible at the time,' he says, 'and I am not going to say now that it did, even to you.'
Rich, Frank (15 May 2005). "Just How Gay Is the Right?". The New York Times. In 'Advise and Consent,' the handsome young senator with a gay secret (Don Murray) is from Utah—a striking antecedent of the closeted conservative Mormon lawyer in Tony Kushner's 'Angels in America.' For a public official to be identified as gay in the Washington of the 1950s and 1960s meant not only career suicide but also potentially actual suicide. Yet Drury, a staunchly anti-Communist conservative of his time, regarded the character as sympathetic, not a villain. The senator's gay affair, he wrote, was 'purely personal and harmed no one else.'
Sears, Brad; Hunter, Nan D.; Mallory, Christy (September 2009). Documenting Discrimination on the Basis of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in State Employment (PDF). Los Angeles: The Williams Institute on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Law and Public Policy at UCLA School of Law. p. 5–3. From 1947 to 1961, more than 5,000 allegedly homosexual federal civil servants lost their jobs in the purges for no reason other than sexual orientation, and thousands of applicants were also rejected for federal employment for the same reason. During this period, more than 1,000 men and women were fired for suspected homosexuality from the State Department alone—a far greater number than were dismissed for their membership in the Communist party. The Cold War and anti-communist efforts provided the setting in which a sustained attack upon gay men and lesbians took place. The history of this 'Lavender Scare' by the federal government has been extensively documented by historian David Johnson. Johnson has demonstrated that during this era government officials intentionally engaged in campaigns to associate homosexuality with Communism: 'homosexual' and 'pervert' became synonyms for 'Communist' and 'traitor.' LGBT people were treated as a national security threat, demanding the attention of Congress, the courts, statehouses, and the media.
"An interview with David K. Johnson author of The Lavender Scare: The Cold War Persecution of Gays and Lesbians in the Federal Government". press.uchicago.edu. The University of Chicago. 2004. The Lavender Scare helped fan the flames of the Red Scare. In popular discourse, communists and homosexuals were often conflated. Both groups were perceived as hidden subcultures with their own meeting places, literature, cultural codes, and bonds of loyalty. Both groups were thought to recruit to their ranks the psychologically weak or disturbed. And both groups were considered immoral and godless. Many people believed that the two groups were working together to undermine the government.
Heredia, Christopher (19 February 2006). "Joel Dorius—gay professor in '60s porn scandal". SFGATE. Hearst Communications, Inc.
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Mark, Petersen (4 Apr 1965). "No True Worship without Chastity". The Improvement Era. Salt Lake City: LDS Church: 504.
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Wolf, Sheila M. (21 May 1970). "The People: Homosexuals and the Self". Daily Utah Chronicle. University of Utah. But all my life I had the feeling I was different from other girls, going through a period of time when I felt like the only one in the world. ... I have a feeling the suicide rate among homosexuals is high just from personal knowledge. In the last five years, ten acquaintances have committed suicide. ... I'm an only child, raised as a Mormon by liberally-minded people. My parents don't know about me. My mother had an inkling about it one time. I've never seen such terror and hysteria, but a convinced her it was all a mistake.
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"Idaho Repeals New Consenting Adult Code". The Advocate. 10 May 1972. p. 3. The new penal code enacted by the Idaho Legislature, with its liberal provisions on sexual conduct, has been repealed as a result of heavy pressure from right-wing groups and the Mormon church. Rep. Wayne Loveless (D-Pocatello), who spearheaded the repeal drive ... conten[ded] that the new code would encourage immorality and draw sexual deviates to the state. Loveless, ... is active in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day [sic] Saints (Mormon) ....
Selle, Jeff (29 May 2013). "Sheriff Mum After Meeting: Wolfinger May Pull Charter After Gay Ban Pulled". Coeur d'Alene Press.
Painter, George (2001). "The Sensibilities of Our Forefathers: The History of Sodomy Laws in the United States". glapn.org. Gay & Lesbian Archives of the Pacific Northwest. In 1971, the Idaho legislature passed a new criminal code that abrogated common-law crimes and repealed the sodomy law. This law technically made Idaho only the third state in the nation to decriminalize consensual sodomy, but the repeal did not last long. The new code became effective January 1, 1972, but officials in the Mormon and Catholic Churches did not care for liberalization of laws against sex. After an outpouring of opposition, the Idaho legislature passed a law to repeal the new code, without passing a replacement, effective April 1, 1972. What finally came out of the legislature was a code reinstating the status quo. The law was passed only five days before the liberalized code’s repeal date (and, thus, only five days before the state would have been without any criminal code). The repressive code reinstated common-law crimes and the felony 'crime against nature' law with the minimum five-year penalty and no maximum.
Eskridge, William N. (1 May 2008). Dishonorable Passions: Sodomy Laws in America, 1861-2003. Viking Press. p. 176. ISBN 978-0670018628.
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"Bishop Victor L. Brown". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
Prince, Gregory A. (27 September 2017). "Science vs. Dogma: Biology Challenges the LDS Paradigm of Homosexuality" (PDF). thc.utah.edu. University of Utah Tanner Humanities Center. Video of the presentation.
Oaks, Dallin. "Be Honest In All Behavior". byu.edu. BYU. In his condemnation of the lawless and disobedient, the apostle Paul listed murderers, whoremongers, those that defiled themselves with mankind (an obvious reference to homosexuality), and 'liars and perjured persons' (1 Tim. 1:9–10).
Oaks, Dallin (2 February 1973). "Truth Synonymous With the Gospel". Daily Universe. BYU. 25 (94): 6.
"Statement on Homosexuality". The Priesthood Bulletin. 9 (1): 3. February 1973.
Bergin, Allen. "Toward a Theory of Human Agency". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church.
Lee, Harold (26 August 1973). Message for the Servicemen over the American Forces Network (Speech). Munich Area General Conference. Munich, Germany.
Cragun, Ryan T.; Williams, Emily; Sumerau, J. E. (May 2015). "From Sodomy to Sympathy: LDS Elites' Discursive Construction of Homosexuality Over Time". Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 54 (2): 291–310. doi:10.1111/jssr.12180.
Brown, Victor. "Our Youth: Modern Sons of Helaman". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
"Deuteronomy 7:1-3". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church.
Brown, S. Kent; Meservy, Keith H. "I Have a Question". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church.
Oaks, Dallin (27 March 1974). The Popular Myth of the Victimless Crime (Speech). Commissioner’s Lecture. BYU.
Oaks, Dallin (1974). "The Popular Myth of the Victimless Crime". The LDS Church Educational System Commissioner's Lecture Series. BYU Press: 8. I believe in retaining criminal penalties on sex crimes such as adultery, fornication, prostitution, homosexuality, and other forms of deviate sexual behavior. I concede the abuses and risks of invasion of privacy that are involved in the enforcement of such crimes and therefore concede the need for extraordinary supervision of the enforcement process. I am even willing to accept a strategy of extremely restrained enforcement of private, noncommercial sexual offenses. I favor retaining these criminal penalties primarily because of the standard-setting and teaching function of these laws on sexual morality and their support of society's exceptional interest in the integrity of the family.
Snell, Buffy (13 December 2011). "AF Law May Backfire". Daily Herald.
"I Have a Question". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
Kimball, Spencer. "Love vs. Lust" (PDF). byui.edu. BYU-Idaho.
Be Ye Therefore Perfect. byu.edu. LDS Church. 17 September 1974. Event occurs at 24:24. [I]t is hard for me to understand why men wish to resemble women and why women desire to ape the men. ... Then we’re appalled to find an ever-increasing number of women who want to be sexually men and many young men who wish to be sexually women. What a travesty! I tell you that, as surely as they live, such people will regret having made overtures toward the changing of their sex. Do they know better than God what is right and best for them? Alternative youtube.com and archive.org links.
Kimball, Spencer W. (1974), God Will Not Be Mocked
Tanner, Eldon. "Why Is My Boy Wandering Tonight?". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church.
Fritscher, Jack (2008). Gay San Francisco: Eyewitness Drummer Vol. 1 - A Memoir of the Sex, Art, Salon, Pop Culture War, and Gay History of Drummer Magazine: The Titanic 1970s to 1999 (First Printing ed.). Palm Drive Publishing. p. 90. ISBN 9781890834388.
Peterson, Robert W. (7 November 1989). "Robert McQueen Dies: Former Advocate Editor Oversaw Transition". Advocate. p. 3.
"Mormons Excommunicate Editor of Advocate". Advocate. 9 August 1979. pp. 10–11.
""Mormon Mafia:" David Goodstein and the LDS Team Who Helped Build The Advocate". Affinity. Affirmation: Gay & Lesbian Mormons. March 1982. Archived from the original on 25 June 2009. The speaker at the general meeting of the Affirmation Los Angeles Chapter, last month, was David Goodstein, gay activist, writer, publisher and president of Liberation Publications, Inc. which publishes the nation's leading newsmagazine, The Advocate. 'I am really moved by your being willing to join a group of other gay Mormons. The Advocate, which I have the privilege of owning, is sometimes known as 'The Mormon Mafia' and I have been compared with Howard Hughes about my having Mormons around me.'
Moes, Garry J. (22 Mar 1975). "Ex-BYU Security Officer Tells of Intrigue, Spying". Salt Lake Tribune.
Anderson, J. Seth (29 May 2017). LGBT Salt Lake: Images of Modern America. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 9781467125857. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
Williams, Ben (27 April 2005). "History of the Gay Press in Utah". Metro. 2 (9): 18–19.
Williams, Ben (12 October 2005). "This Week in Lambda History". Metro Magazine. 2 (21).
Vanderhooft, JoSelle (26 May 2010). "Bob Waldrop: Reverend and Publisher". QSaltLake.
Brown, Victor. "Two Views of Sexuality". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church.
Rothman, Lily (8 September 2015). "How a Closeted Air Force Sergeant Became the Face of Gay Rights". Time. New York City: Time Inc. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
Miller, Hayley. "40 Years Since Leonard Matlovich's Time Magazine Cover". hrc.org. Human Rights Campaign. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
"Leonard Matlovich Makes Time". Archived from the original on February 20, 2009.
Hinckley, Gordon. "Opposing Evil". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church.
Swedin, Eric G. (Winter 1998). "'One Flesh': A Historical Overview of Latter-day Saint Sexuality and Psychology" (PDF). Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 31 (4). Retrieved 14 November 2016.
Blattner, Robert L. (1975). "Counseling the Homosexual In A Church Setting". Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy. 1 (1): 1–3. Retrieved 14 November 2016.
Swedin, Eric G. (17 September 2003). Healing Souls: Psychotherapy in the Latter-day Saint Community (1 ed.). University of Illinois Press. pp. 164–165. ISBN 0252028643. Retrieved 14 November 2016.
Card, Robert D. (1975). "Counseling the Homosexual In A Private Setting". Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy. 1 (1): 10–13.
"Apparatus and method for measuring sexual arousal". patentstorm.us. PatentStorm LLC. Archived from the original on 4 March 2012. Card's patent information also available at uspto.gov.
Weakland, Sean. "Legacies". Yale University Library. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
Williams, Ben (16 September 2010). "I Am Shocked! Shocked, I Tell You!". QSaltLake.
Fadul, Jose A. (5 May 2015). Encyclopedia of Theory & Practice in Psychotherapy & Counseling. Raleigh, NC. p. 97. ISBN 978-1312078369.
General Handbook of Instructions (21 ed.). LDS CHurch. p. 71.
Bush Jr., Lester E. (Summer 1981). "Excommunication and Church Courts: A Note From the General Handbook of Instructions". Dialogue. 14 (2): 84. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
Quinn, D. Michael (Fall 2000). "Prelude to the National 'Defense of Marriage' Campaign: Civil Discrimination Against Feared or Despised Minorities" (PDF). Dialogue. 33 (3). Retrieved 22 November 2016.
Smith, Wilford E. (Fall 1976). "Mormon Sex Standards on College Campuses, or Deal Us Out of the Sexual Revolution!". Dialogue. 10 (2): 76–77. PMID 11614391. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
"Davis Man Found Dead in Vehicle". Ogden Standard Examiner. 10 March 1976. p. 11A. Carlyle D. Marsden was found in his car along Nichols Road dead from a pistol wound of the chest.
Weist, Larry (16 March 1976). "Homosexual Suspects Arrested in Utah County". Daily Herald. p. 1. Archived from the original on 7 December 2017 – via Newspapers.com. Eight men were arraigned in the Pleasant Grove Precinct Justice Court Mondy afternoon on charges of lewdness and sodomy stemming from alleged homosexual activity at the two rest stops on I-15 north of Orem. ... Two of the suspects were arrested and charged with an act of sodomy. One of them, a 54-year-old Salt Lake County man, died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the chest two days after his arrest, according to Serge Moore, state medical examiner.
Weist, Larry (16 March 1976). "Homosexual Suspects Arrested in Utah County". Daily Herald. p. 4. Archived from the original on 7 December 2017 – via Newspapers.com. Funeral services for Carlyle D. Marsden, 54, of 1388 Nichols Road, Fruit Heights, who died Monday, March 8, 1976, will be Friday at 10 a.m. in the Kaysville 11th-14th LDS Ward Chapel ... Mr. Marsden was a music teacher at Eisenhower Junior High School and at Brigham Young University.
"Carlyle D. Marsden (1921-1976)". affirmation.org. Affirmation: Gay & Lesbian Mormons. Archived from the original on 8 April 2013.
Belonsky, Andrew (10 February 2008). "Gay Mormons Have Eyes On Monson". Queerty. Q.Digital.
Swedin, Eric (Spring 1999). "Integrating the modern psychologies and religion: Allen E. Bergin and the Latter-day Saints of the late twentieth century". Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences. 35 (2): 157. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1520-6696(199921)35:2<157::AID-JHBS3>3.0.CO;2-L.
"LDS Scene". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS church. December 1979.
"An Overview of Church Welfare Services". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS church. October 1975. Social Services is now part of Personal Welfare Services, with Brother Victor Brown Jr., as director.
Smith, George D.; Bergera, Gary James (1994). Religion, Feminism, and Freedom of Conscience. Signature Books. pp. 100–102. ISBN 1-56085-048-5.
"The Effects of Psychotherapy". jamanetwork.com. American Medical Association.
"Brigham Young University. Institute for Studies in Values and Human Behavior". lib.byu.edu. BYU.
Kimball, Spencer. "A Report and a Challenge". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church.
Packer, Boyd K. (1976), To Young Men Only (PDF), LDS Church, archived from the original (PDF) on March 11, 2016
Stack, Peggy Fletcher (14 November 2016). "LDS Church 'retires' Mormon apostle's 'little factory' pamphlet". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
"LDS Leader Hails Anti Gay Stand". The Salt Lake Tribune: D3. 3 November 1977. ... President Kimball said adding the church has 8,000–10,000 bishops ready to counsel members with homosexual problems. The spiritual leader of almost four million Mormons worldwide said the church also has 'young men who have gone to college' who can provide professional aid to gays.
"Kimball Praises Bryant". The Daily Herald. United Press International. 6 November 1977. p. 17. Archived from the original on 8 December 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
Huffaker, Dean (27 March 1982). "Homosexuality at BYU". Seventh East Press. 1 (15): 1. Retrieved 21 November 2016. Text reprinted at affirmation.org
Jenkins, Cloy. "Prologue: An examination of the Mormon attitude towards homosexuality". affirmation.org. Affirmation. Archived from the original on 2008-07-01.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
"B.Y.U. Students Dispute L.D.S. Doctrine". The Open Door. University of Utah Marriott Library Microfilm Archives, Salt Lake City, Utah. 1 (9): 1, 14–15, 17. September 1977.
Williams, Ben. "The Payne Papers". gaysaltlake.com. QSaltLake Magazine. Later that summer, Salt Lake City gay activist Ken Kline ... who knew a gay man who worked in the church office building’s mail room, also managed to get the pamphlet mailed to all the General Authorities, TV and radio stations, and most of the LDS church faculty at BYU and Ricks College. Doing this made it look as though the pamphlet was a BYU publication and that the church had approved it. Needless to say, LDS leaders were pissed.
Williams, Ben. "The beginning of Utah's gay community". gaysaltlake.com. QSaltLake Magazine.
Huffaker, Dean (12 April 1982). "Homosexuality at BYU". Seventh East Press. 1 (15): 1. Retrieved 21 November 2016. Text reprinted at affirmation.org
Williams, Ben. "The Payne Papers". gaysaltlake.com. QSaltLake Magazine. The 'pro-homosexuality' pamphlet flustered church officials to such a degree that in August, Allen Bergin, director of the Institute for Studies in Values and Human Behavior at BYU, was directed by LDS Social Services and BYU Comprehensive Clinic to prepare a response to 'The Payne Papers.' It was entitled 'A Reply to Unfounded Assertions Regarding Homosexuality.' It was dismal. ... The Presiding Bishop Office of the LDS Church financed BYU’s Value’s Institute attempts to rebut 'The Payne Papers' through the tithing funds that church members contributed for 'humanitarian projects.' ... Victor L. Brown of the Values Institute decried 'the fallacious claims in the Payne Papers' as the 'opposition’s attempts to indoctrinate our people.' ... By the beginning of 1980, BYU’s Institute for Studies in Values and Human Behavior hadn’t succeeded in achieving its directive to refute 'The Payne Papers.'
Benson, Ezra (1977). This Nation Shall Endure. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book. p. 96. ISBN 0877476586.
Benson, Ezra (1 October 1988). The Teachings of Ezra Taft Benson. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company. ISBN 0884946398.
Clarke, J. Richard. "Ministering to Needs through LDS Social Services". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church.
Kimball, Spencer. "The Lord Expects His Saints to Follow the Commandments". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. Retrieved 30 April 2017.
"Relief Society Leader Hails Anita Bryant's Homosexuality Stand". The Salt Lake Tribune. 11 June 1977. p. B3. Archived from the original on 8 December 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
"Relief Society Leader Lauds Anita Bryant". The Ogden Standard Examiner. 12 June 1977. p. 11A. Archived from the original on 8 December 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
Jennings, Duane; Bennington, Brian G. (1 January 2007). "S.O.S.: Stories of Service, of Saving Lives and Giving Hope. Looking Back Over Thirty Years of Affirmation: Gay and Lesbian Mormons, and to the Next Thirty Years". sunstonemagazine.com. Sunstone Education Foundation, Inc.
"Affirmation". Archived from the original on April 30, 2006..
"Our History". affirmation.org. Affirmation.
Matthew, Prince. "Affirmation/G.M.U. December Newsletter" (PDF). uscs.edu. University of California Santa Cruz. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-04.
Bell, Jay. "Robert I. McQueen: Missionary, Editor, and Activist". affirmation.org. Affirmation. Archived from the original on 2010-03-31.
Mortensen, Paul. "In The Beginning: A Brief History of Affirmation". affirmation.org. Affirmation. Archived from the original on 2013-10-21.
"Gay Mormons Organize". The Advocate. 2 November 1977.
Dobner, Jennifer (2 June 2017). "Salt Lake City's hidden LGBT history documented in new book". The Salt Lake Tribune. Among the other historical treasures pictured in Anderson's book: ... Several pictures from the 1977 protest march and candlelight vigils held when former beauty queen Anita Bryant brought her Save Our Children campaign—to protect children from homosexuality—to Utah for a rally. 'I consider that Utah's Stonewall,' Anderson said, referencing the 1969 riots outside a New York bar, the Stonewall Inn, that was a haven for gays. 'This is the first time the [Utah] community gathered to protest in public ... the first time the community thinks of itself as having rights and fighting back.'
O'Donovan, Connell (27 May 2007). Affirmation: Singing the Songs of our Redemption, 1977 to 2007 (Speech). Affirmation 30th Anniversary Conference. Holladay, Utah United Church of Christ. Archived from the original on 18 February 2009. The LDS Church later invited Ms. Bryant to come to Utah for the Utah State Fair, and both Spencer W. Kimball, and the General Relief Society President, Barbara B. Smith, held news conferences praising Anita Bryant and her work to save America from 'the homosexual menace.'
Briscoe, David (19 September 1977). "Gay, Anti-Gay Pickets Parade at Anita's Show". The Ogden Standard-Examiner. p. 6A. Archived from the original on 9 December 2017 – via Newspapers.com. The lead marcher in the gay group carried an American flag. He was followed by The Rev. Bob Waldrop, pastor of the Metropolitan Community Church, who said demonstrators were grateful for Anita because she has made homosexuals 'come out of the closet.'
"Tear Gas Used to Disperse Utah Anita Bryant Protesters". The Daily Herald. United Press International. 19 September 1977. p. 10. Archived from the original on 9 December 2017 – via Newspapers.com. A crowd of 200 people attending a candlelight vigil to protest the appearance of singer Anita Bryant at the Utah State Fair Sunday night was dispersed by teargas but it was not known who released the gas. ... 'We want the right to live, work, love and contribute to society without being harassed,' he [Bob Waldrop] said.
Wetzel, Paul (19 September 1977). "Both Sides 'Greet' Anita Bryant". The Salt Lake Tribune. pp. 19, 28. Archived from the original on 9 December 2017 – via Newspapers.com. The Rev. Bob Waldrop, pastor of Metropolitan Community Church, led picketers opposed to Miss Bryant outside the fairgrounds. The demonstration was sponsored by a group called the Salt Lake Coalition for Human Rights. The Rev. Mr. Waldrop said. 'We want the right to live, work, love and contribute to society without being harassed. As long as Anita Bryant and her followers say we can't have that and call us perverts, then we'll have to continue our movement.' Pastor Waldrop led a vigil at 8:30 p.m. at Memory Grove which was attended by about 200 persons. The vigil commemorated the slaying of three homosexuals last June. The vigil included speeches by Rev. Waldrop, Bob Kunst, a gay rights activist from Miami. Fla., Shirley Pedier, executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union of Utah and Rep. Jeff Fox, D-Salt Lake. The meeting ended at 9:30 p.m. with a candlelight ceremony. It was marred only by teargas, apparently from a cannister which dispersed those near the speakers platform shortly after the meeting ended. First part available here and second part also archived here.
"Meet the Gay Couple Who Made History in Utah". advocate.com. Advocate. 17 January 2014.
The Foundations of Righteousness. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. 1 October 1977. Event occurs at 14:38. Alternative youtube.com and archive.org links.
Packer, Boyd K. (1978). To The One. LDS Church.
Kimball, Spencer. "Listen to the Prophets". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
Johnson, Kirk (20 July 1978). "Gay Documentary Cancelled". The Chronicle. University of Utah. p. 1.
"Editorial: Censor Strikes Again". The Chronicle. University of Utah. 20 July 1978. p. 2.
"Gay Leader Loses Equal Time Bid". The Salt Lake Tribune. Associated Press. 30 March 1978. p. B7.
"First Presidency Reaffirms Opposition to ERA". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
Petersen, Mark (16 December 1978). "Sin Is No Excuse". Church News. LDS Church: 16.
Williams, Ben (21 November 2014). "Steve Holbrook and 35 years of KRCL". qsaltlake.com. QSaltLake Magazine. In 1979 KRCL’s first GLBT program was an hour-long show called “Gayjavu.” The program evolved over the next few years into “Concerning Gays and Lesbians” which was one of the nation’s longest, (if indeed not the longest) continuous local gay and lesbian radio program in the nation.
Williams, Ben (25 May 2014). "The beginning of Utah's gay community". qsaltlake.com. QSaltLake Magazine. Utah was especially unique in that the newly organized KRCL FM 91 had a local gay program from the beginning called Gayjavu which would become Concerning Gays and Lesbians for the next 20 years. Stephen Holbrook, a gay man who founded KRCL, was dedicated to Utah’s gay minority having a voice.
Williams, Ben (1 July 2006). "Lambda History: Stephen Holbrook". QSaltLake. Salt Lick Publishing, LLC: 11. While not identified publicly as gay, Stephen Holbrook as a gay man was committed to the gay community having a voice over the KRCL airwaves. For over 26 years KRCL has provided the [LGBT] communities of Utah with local informational programming.
O'Donovan, Connell (27 May 2007). Affirmation: Singing the Songs of our Redemption, 1977 to 2007 (Speech). Affirmation 30th Anniversary Conference. Holladay, Utah United Church of Christ. Archived from the original on 18 February 2009. Bob Waldrop, a young convert and missionary recently returned from Australia, moved to California where he came out in 1975 and then became affiliated with the Metropolitan Community Church (or MCC) an evangelical church with a specific ministry for Gay people) in San Jose and decided to train for the ministry. About that time, Rev. Alice Jones of MCC Salt Lake decided to leave Utah and she invited Bob Waldrop to move to Salt Lake and take over her ministry, since he had an LDS background. He arrived in Utah in February 1977 and became the worship coordinator for MCC Salt Lake.
"Rotunda Denied To S.L. Church". The Salt Lake Tribune. 19 February 1977. Archived from the original on 4 December 2017 – via Newspapers.com. Leaders of a Salt Lake City church Friday criticized Lt. Gov. David S. Monson for denying their use of the Capitol rotunda for a dance. The lieutenant governor-secretary of state replied that his information indicated the church has a number of homosexual members, and it would not be in the best interest of the state to grant the request. ... Asked if it was not obvious discrimination to refuse the facility to the Metropolitan Community Church, the lieutenant governor said, 'We have some obligation to see public buildings are used for purposes that meet the approval of a majority of the community.'
"AV 570: Welfare Services Department training recordings 1977-1981, 2005, 2009-2011". churchofjesuschrist.org. LDS Church. Archived from the original on 2 October 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
Lauritsen, Ed D. (6 February 1979). "The Role of the Father in Male Homosexuality". BYU.
Williams, Ben (Feb 2018). "The '70s Mormon Crusade Against Homosexuals". QSaltLake. 15 (276): 20. Archived from the original on 31 Aug 2020.
Vaughn, Featherstone (27 Feb 1979). "Charity Never Faileth". speeches.byu.edu. BYU. Archived from the original on 31 Aug 2020.
Murphy, Barbara; Tate, Alice; Long, David; Welker, Joseph (11 April 1979). "LDS Views of Homosexuality". The Daily Universe. BYU. p. 16.
Bergera, James; Priddis, Ronald (1985). Brigham Young University: A House of Faith. Signature Books. ISBN 0941214346. In 'Homosexuality: Cause for Concern?' DU [Daily Universe], 10 April 1979, Maxine Murdock of the [BYU] Counseling Center conservatively estimated that 4 percent of the student body (approximately 1,200) is homosexual. See footnote 71.
Murphy, Barbara; Tate, Alice; Long, David; Welker, Joseph (10 April 1979). "Homosexuality: Cause for Concern?". The Daily Universe. BYU. p. 1. According to local psychologists who are working on homosexuality research, anywhere from 1 to 4 percent of the BYU male population have homosexual tendencies. Dr. Ford McBride, a psychologist at Timpanogos Community Mental Health Center, and Dr. Maxine Murdock, licensed psychologist at the BYU Counseling Center who works with homosexual students, estimate the figure at 4 percent. McBride said his estimate is based on extrapolation of the old Kinsey report.
Murphy, Barbara; Tate, Alice; Long, David; Welker, Joseph (11 April 1979). "Homosexuality Stirs Controversy". The Daily Universe. BYU. p. 1.
Murphy, Barbara; Tate, Alice; Long, David; Welker, Joseph (12 April 1979). "Homosexuality: 'Change Possible'". The Daily Universe. BYU. p. 3.
"Our History". affirmation.org. Affirmation: LGBT Mormons, Families & Friends. The year 1979 was a year of significant growth for Affirmation and gay LDS people. It was the year that Affirmation decided to proclaim itself. In June of that year, for the first time ever, Gay Mormons marched in a Gay parade in Los Angeles. In September, 14 members participated in the “March on Washington for Gay Rights.” Now there would never be any turning back. It was the first national mainstream coverage Gay Mormons had ever received and it raised our goals and spirits.
Dugget, Bob (Director); Dawson, Gil (Sound) (1 July 1979). Gay Pride Everywhere: Christopher Street West (Gay) Parade. West Hollywood: Doggett & Dugger Video Services. Event occurs at 20:12. See also Videos: The L.A. Pride Parade Through The Years, Defiantly Marching On Archived 2017-11-05 at the Wayback Machine.
Thomas, Jo (15 October 1979). "75,000 March in Capital in Drive To Support Homosexual Rights; 'Sharing' and 'Flaunting'". The New York Times. pp. A14.
"Our History". affirmation.org. Affirmation.
Mortensen, Paul. "In The Beginning: A Brief History of Affirmation". affirmation.org. Affirmation. Archived from the original on 2013-10-21.
"The Church and the Proposed Equal Rights Amendment: A Moral Issue". Ensign. March 1980. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
McConkie, Bruce. "The Coming Tests and Trials and Glory". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church.
Kimball, Spencer W. (1980), President Kimball Speaks Out on Morality
Brown Jr., Victor L. "A Better Me, a Better Marriage". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church.
Brown Jr., Victor (1981). Human Intimacy: Illusion & Reality. Parliament Publishers. pp. 73–75. ISBN 9780884944416. Masters and Johnson, world-renowned sexologists, approvingly describe "ambisexuals" who, because of their technical skill and very lack of emotional involvement, achieve orgasm 100 percent of the time in their sexual encounters. These researchers concluded that such physical success gave ambisexuals the advantage over heterosexual men or women because this "absence of sexual preference" also means an absence of "sexual prejudice" which, they claim, is "a cornerstone that supports any number of other social biases." These "privileged" individuals, according to Masters and Johnson, may be pointing the way for society at large. Such messages are disturbing.
Brown Jr., Victor (1981). Human Intimacy: Illusion & Reality. Parliament Publishers. pp. 21–22. ISBN 9780884944416. This fashionable equation of homosexual liaison with heterosexual marriage is sophistry and contains its own fatal inconsistency. ... The temporary and fragile relationships of the ironically nicknamed gay subculture ... were interpreted as superior to the more disciplined, orderly lives of the heterosexual subjects.
Understanding and Changing Homosexual Orientation Problems. LDS Church. 1981. Reprinted with permission at mentalhealthlibrary.info, see authorization here.
Homosexuality. Salt Lake City, UT: LDS Church. 1981. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
Maza, Christina (14 December 2017). "Masturbation Will Make You Gay, Warns Leaked Mormon Church Document". Newsweek. Newsweek Media Group.
Brown, Victor (April 1981). "Male Homosexuality: Identity Seeking a Role". AMCAP. 7 (2): 3–4. Archived from the original on 31 Aug 2020.
Believer. HBO.com. Home Box Office, Inc. 25 June 2018. Event occurs at 42:58.
Rector Jr., Hartman. "Turning the Hearts". Youtube.com. LDS Church. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
Associated Press (6 April 1981). "Mormon Elder Condemns Homosexuals". The Atlanta Constitution: 3B.
Geisner, Joseph (December 2011). "Very Careless In His Utterances: Editing, Correcting, and Censoring Conference Addresses". Sunstone Magazine (165): 14–24. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
Benson, Ezra. "Great Things Required of Their Fathers". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church.
Williams, Ben (12 October 2005). "This Week in Lambda History". Metro. 2 (21): 16. 4 October ... 1981 Ethyl (Randy Smith) and Friends for Gay Rights picket Temple Square during the LDS Conference after receiving permission to parade through downtown Salt Lake City.
"Gay March Planned". The Salt Lake Tribune. 2 October 1981. p. D6. A local organization of Mormon Gay rights activists have received permission to parade through downtown Salt Lake City, Sunday and protest LDS Church’s policies opposing homosexuality. Albert Haines, Salt Lake chief administrative officer authorized a parade permit for a group calling itself Ethyl and Friends for Gay Rights which plans to picket Temple Square during the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints semiannual conference.
"Gay Picket at Conference". The Salt Lake Tribune. 5 October 1981. p. B6. About 15 'Friends of Ethyl' braved cold temperatures to March from the Federal Building to Temple Square in protest of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints stand on homosexual rights. 'Ethyl', a drag performer whose real name is Randy Smith said ... he went through Brigham Young University’s aversion therapy program and that 'it hurt.' ... The group displaying signs reading, 'We are God’s Children', marched up state street to South Temple and then to Temple Square ....
Hafen, Bruce. "The Gospel and Romantic Love". byu.edu. BYU.
"KBYU Cancels Gay Documentary". Sunstone Review. 2 (9): 8. September 1982. KBYU viewers who turned on their television sets August 6 to see the last in a three-part series on homosexuality in Utah heard instead an announcement that the segment had been cancelled ... The segment contained interviews with homosexual students at BYU. ...[P]roducer of the series Kevin Mitchell told the Provo Daily Herald 'I didn't want their faces shown because if they were caught, they would be kicked out of the university.'
Benson, Ezra Taft (October 1982). "Fundamentals of Enduring Family Relationships". churchofjesuschrist.org. LDS Church. Archived from the original on 5 July 2020.
General Handbook of Instructions. Salt Lake City, Utah: LDS Church. 1983. p. 51.
General Handbook of Instructions. Salt Lake City, Utah: LDS Church. 1983. pp. 52–53.
Williams, Ben (15 June 2006). "A History of AIDS Services in Utah". Q Salt Lake: 16. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
"Robert Michael "Mike" Painter". findagrave.com.
Benson, Ezra. "Fundamentals of Enduring Family Relationships". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church.
Ezra Taft, Benson (November 1983). "What Manner of Men Ought Ye To Be". churchofjesuschrist.org. LDS Church. Archived from the original on 31 Aug 2020.
Warchol, Glen (29 June 1986). "Mormon poet comes to terms with AIDS nightmare". UPI. United Press International, Inc. Carol Lynn and Gerald met in 1965 as students at the church-run Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah. ... Like many Mormon men, Gerald had spent two years spreading the faith as a missionary. Later, he experimented with homosexuality but remained devout. Finally, he confessed his sexual preference to Carol Lynn. She said Gerald's local bishop had counseled him to marry a woman he loved in order to make his life right.
Kristin McMurran (February 2, 1987). "Carol Lynn Pearson Pens a Moving Memoir on Her Gay Husband's Death from Aids". People. 27 (5). Retrieved 2015-07-13.
Oaks, Dallin H. (7 Aug 1984). Principles to Govern Possible Public Statement on Legislation Affecting Rights of Homosexuals.
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Scott, Richard G. "Making the Right Choices". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
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"Died Sunday of AIDS". Orlando Sentinel. 18 March 1988. After learning he had AIDS, Harward said he sought spiritual guidance. But, he said, his lay bishop told him to give up his friends and identify past sexual partners. Harward said it would have been 'unethical' to comply. 'When I need my friends most,' he said, 'they're asking me to be alone.'
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Anderson, J. Seth (29 May 2017). LGBT Salt Lake: Images of Modern America. Arcadia Publishing. p. 61. ISBN 9781467125857. Retrieved 21 May 2017. When Ogden resident Clair Harward confessed to his bishop in 1985 that he was gay and dying from AIDS, the bishop excommunicated him and told him not to return to church for fear he would spread AIDS in the congregation. ... Harward passed away in March 1986 at the age of 26.
"Excommunicated AIDS Victim Regrets 'Coming Out'". Walla Walla Union Bulletin: 5. 13 January 1986. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
"Died Sunday of AIDS". Orlando Sentinel. 18 March 1988. Mormon Church officials excommunicated him from the religion after learning about his lifestyle. The Mormon Church views homosexuality as a sin in the same degree with adultery and premarital sex, said church spokesman Jerry Cahill.
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Kotraba, Kellie (22 May 2013). "Gay Mormon characters step out of the shadows". The Washington Post. Twenty years ago, a gay Mormon character stepped onstage for the first time. His name was Joe Pitt, and he was in Tony Kushner’s 'Angels in America, Part One: Millennium Approaches.' Pitt lived in New York with a good reputation and a bad marriage to a woman addicted to Valium. As colleagues dealt with the devastation and uncertainty of AIDS—it was the 1980s—he grappled with openly acknowledging his sexuality. He was Mormon. And gay. And the two didn’t mix.
Butler, Isaac; Kois, Dan (18 December 2017). "Angels in America: The Complete Oral History". Slate. Twenty-five years ago this summer, Tony Kushner’s Angels in America premiered in the tiny Eureka Theatre in San Francisco’s Mission District. Within two years it had won the Pulitzer Prize and begun a New York run that would dominate the Tony Awards two years in a row, revitalize the nonmusical play on Broadway, and change the way gay lives were represented in pop culture.
Pace, David (Winter 1994). "Mormon Angels in America" (PDF). Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 27 (4): 195.
Kane, Rich (18 February 2018). "Gays, Mormons and 'Angels in America': The landmark play took more than 25 years to get to Provo, but now it's here ... in a shopping mall". The Salt Lake Tribune. In the second half, 'Perestroika,' there’s a scene where Joe Pitt, a closeted gay Mormon, removes his temple garments to show his lover, Louis, that he would give up his faith to be with him.
Eternal Marriage Student Manual. LDS Church. 2007. p. 230. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
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Goudarzi, Sara (16 November 2006). "Homosexual Animals Out of the Closet". Live Science. Purch. A first-ever museum display, "Against Nature?," which opened last month at the University of Oslo's Natural History Museum in Norway, presents 51 species of animals exhibiting homosexuality.'Homosexuality has been observed in more than 1,500 species, and the phenomenon has been well described for 500 of them,' said Petter Bockman, project coordinator of the exhibition.
Bagemihl, Bruce (1999). Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Diversity (Stone Wall Inn ed.). New York City: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 9780312253776. Homosexual behavior occurs in more than 450 different kinds of animals worldwide, and is found in every major geographic region and every major animal group.
Packer, Boyd (1992). "The Fountain of Life". Things of the Soul. Bookcraft. ISBN 0884949516.
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"Wheatley Institution". byu.edu. Brigham Young University. Professor Judd is currently a professor of Ancient Scripture at Brigham Young University (1994-present) where he has served as a department chair ....
Judd, Daniel (7 Jan 1995). "The Savior has power to heal broken hearts, deliver from infirmities". LDS Church News. Deseret News Publishing Company. LDS Church. "[T]he gospel of Christ has power to change those who appear unchangeable. For several years I worked with an individual who was trying to overcome his problems related to homosexuality. Not long ago we were having a conversation about the origins of his problems and he said to me, 'I do not fully understand the arguments of those who say, 'I was born this way,' but what I do know is that I have been born again' and 'have no more disposition to do evil, but to do good continually.' This individual isn't simply 'coping' with his problems, but is truly free. He has come to know the truth and the truth has set him free.
"Church opposes same-sex marriages". LDS Church News. Deseret News Publishing Company. LDS Church. 4 March 1995.
Semerad, Tony (9 June 1996). "A Mormon Crusade In Hawaii Hawaii: Church Aims to End Gay Union". Salt Lake Tribune: B1. Retired Salt Lake City advertising executive Arthur Anderson was enlisted into the fight last November with a phone call from Mormon Elder Loren C. Dunn, president of the church's North America West Area. At Dunn's behest, Anderson and his wife embarked on months of volunteer work in Honolulu, mostly answering phones for Hawaii's Future Today, a group set up to lobby against legislative attempts at legalizing gay wedlock, gambling and prostitution. ... According to a statement from the Mormon Church's Salt Lake City headquarters, church members such as Anderson are responding to a plea by the ruling First Presidency to get involved as citizens. ... "The Church is indeed, politically neutral when it comes to parties and candidates and most issues," said the LDS statement. "However, when a political issue has moral overtones, the Church has not only the right but the responsibility to speak out and become involved." ... Pamphlets circulated at select Mormon Church meetings throughout the Pacific islands, urging members to support anti-gay marriage legislation pending in the Hawaii Legislature. Key statements were faxed to legislative committees, from LDS Church facilities.
Moore, Carrie A. (8 November 2000). "Church backing helps measures in 2 states". Deseret News. LDS Church.
Henetz, Patty (26 October 1998). "LDS Cash Carries Gay-Marriage Fight; Mormon Church has spent $1.1 million on ballot battles in Hawaii and Alaska; LDS Church In the Thick of Gay-Marriage Fight". The Salt Lake Tribune: A1. The church gave $600,000 to the political-action group Save Traditional Marriage '98 between Sept. 12 and Oct. 24 ... The church has also given $500,000 to a similar effort in Alaska, or 500 percent more than either side in that state's campaign had previously raised. The $1.1 million in church donations to political causes seems to be unprecedented.
Scott, Richard (April 1995). "Finding Forgiveness". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. [H]omosexual acts, and other deviations approaching these in gravity are not acceptable alternate lifestyles. They are serious sins. ... Such grave sins require deep repentance to be forgiven. President Kimball taught: 'To every forgiveness there is a condition. The plaster must be as wide as the sore. The fasting, the prayers, the humility must be equal to or greater than the sin. It is unthinkable that God absolves serious sins upon a few requests. He is likely to wait until there has been long, sustained repentance.'
Believer. HBO.com. Home Box Office, Inc. 25 June 2018. Event occurs at 43:07.
Faust, James E. "Serving the Lord and Resisting the Devil". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
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"Quinn and Controversial Book Come "Out"" (PDF). Sunstone: 73–74. December 1996. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
O'Hara, Mary Emily (11 May 2015). "How Utah's Schools Went From Homophobic War Zones to Crowning a Trans Prom Queen". The Daily Beast. The Daily Beast Company LLC. In 1995, Erin Wiser was a 16-year-old student at East High School. Wiser, who today is a transgender man living in Portland but identified as a lesbian in high school, wanted to start a club for gay students along with his then-girlfriend Kelli Peterson. The two had attended a lecture at the local Pride center and were inspired after seeing Candace Gingrich speak. With the help of a supportive teacher, Wiser and Peterson formally applied for an East High School Gay-Straight Alliance club that September. In response, the Salt Lake City school district voted in February 1996 to ban all extracurricular student clubs—becoming the only city in the country to do so. ... Gay rights scared people. But how could anyone hate a couple of sweet-faced Mormon girls from Utah who just wanted to carve out a place to belong in high school?
Brooke, James (28 February 1996). "To Be Young, Gay and Going to High School in Utah". The New York Times. p. B8. For Kelli Peterson, a 17-year-old senior at East High School here, ... her primary concern was intensely personal—easing the loneliness she felt as a gay student. ... 'I came out that year, and immediately lost all my friends. I watched the same cycle of denial, trying to hide, acceptance, then your friends abandoning you.' So last fall, she and two other gay students formed an extracurricular club called the Gay/Straight Alliance. ... Ms. Peterson, who is herself Mormon, says she is taking steps to formally leave the church.
Moulton, Kristen (24 February 1996). "Salt Lake City Students Walk Out In Protest Over School Clubs Ban 'Separate Church And State,' Some Demonstrators Demand". The Spokesman-Review. The Associated Press.
"Dispute began at East High in 1995". Deseret News. LDS church. 20 March 1998. Feb. 23, 1996: East and West students walk out of school in protest. West students march on the Capitol; en route, a 16-year-old girl is pinned under a car and seriously injured. Students ask school officials to reconsider action.
Brooke, James (28 February 1996). "To Be Young, Gay and Going to High School in Utah". The New York Times. p. B8.
Collins, Lois M. (8 August 1997). "Panelists say church, state separate in Utah". Deseret News. LDS church. Grant Protzman, former state representative, LDS Church member and Democrat, described LDS Church efforts to affect policy as 'measured' and 'very limited.' The church does make a public statement on what it sees as key moral issues. And it does ask questions, which may 'seem like a red flag' to some lawmakers. But the dialogue is good, Protzman said. What some perceive as church control of the state could be chalked up to social norms, Protzman said. Because so many people in the state are LDS Church members, there's a strong sense of shared values and that does influence public policy. And Protzman acknowledged that much has been said in the name of the church by those who present 'an individual's private interpretation of doctrine applied to public policy.'
Dockstader, Julie A. (20 June 1992). "Serving the community". Church News. LDS church. Grant Protzman, Young Men president of the Ben Lomond Stake, said it was hard work in a hot sun.
"Gay club controversy turns into federal funding row". The Times News. Knight-Ridder Tribune News Service. 24 February 1996. p. A1–A2.
Florio, Gwen (23 February 1996). "In Utah, School Clubs Banned to Stop Gay Meeting". The Philadelphia Inquirer – via Newspapers.com. But some Utah residents were aghast when they found out in the last few weeks that the law also applied to groups such as the Gay/Straight Alliance. 'I think that many legislators have serious concerns about the group's moving into recruitment of fresh meat for the gay population," said Grant Protzman, minority whip for the state House of Representatives. See also this clipping.
Florio, Gwen (23 February 1996). "In Utah, School Clubs Banned to Stop Gay Meeting". The Philadelphia Inquirer – via Newspapers.com. That's not at all what the club is about, protested Kelli Peterson, the 17-year-old East High School senior who founded the alliance to help her and her friends deal with a school atmosphere she found 'horrifying on the best days. ... I was getting beat up and harassed verbally.' See also this clipping.
Sahagun, Louis (22 February 1996). "Utah Board Bans All School Clubs in Anti-Gay Move". Los Angeles Times. 'Going to high school when you are gay or lesbian is a miserable, lonely experience,' said 17-year-old Kelli Peterson, who founded the club at East High School in December. 'I know, I've been beat up twice.'
Broberg, Susan (1 March 1999). "Gay/Straight Alliances and Other Controversial Student Groups: A New Test for the Equal Access Act". Brigham Young University Education and Law Journal. 1999 (1): 99, 105.
"Students Protest Gay Club Ban". Florida Today. Associated Press. 24 February 1996. p. A4.
Florio, Gwen (25 February 1996). "School-Club Access Law Comes Back to Haunt". Tallahassee Democrat. p. 7A. A group called SAFE—Students Against Faggots Everywhere—has since formed at West High School, one of three schools that will be affected by the new ban ....
"Gay Professor Leaves BYU for Position at WSU". Deseret News. LDS Church. Associated Press. 18 August 1996.
Haddock, Sharon M. (10 October 1995). "Homosexual Professor Planning to Leave BYU". Deseret News. LDS Church.
Waterman, Bryan; Kagel, Brian (1998). The Lord's University: Freedom and Authority at BYU. Signature books. ISBN 1-56085-117-1.
"Gay Professor Leaves University" (PDF). Sunstone Magazine: 74. December 1996.
Smart, Michael (22 March 1997). "BYU Student Poll: Ban Gay Students". The Salt Lake Tribune. ProQuest 288698514.
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"Death of a Gay Activist". The Times News. Kinght-Ridder Tribune News Service. 9 November 1997. p. B8. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints accepts gays on one condition: that they renounce their sexual orientation. "Everything we do in the church is to offer them the help, the support, and the structure that will point them to happiness and joy," said Elder Jay E. Jensen who took part in a "healing" workshop here in September designed to help gays and lesbians become straight.
"Popular Speakers and Presenters at Evergreen conferences, Firesides, and Workshops". evergreeninternational.org. Evergreen International. Archived from the original on 24 July 2012. Retrieved 1 April 2017. Elder Jay E. Jensen of the First Quorum of the Seventy ... speaker at the 7th Annual Evergreen conference, September 12–13, 1997.
Church Handbook of Instructions. Salt Lake City, Utah: LDS Church. 1998. p. 81.
Church Handbook of Instructions. Salt Lake City, Utah: LDS Church. 1998. p. 159.
Moore, Carrie A. (4 October 1998). "LDS Church joins gay-marriage fight". Deseret News. LDS Church.
Mims, Bob (5 October 1998). "Church Funds Initiative to Ban Same-Sex Marriages in Alaska". The Salt Lake Tribune. We have 24,000 members of the church based in Alaska. It's a matter that members of the church in Alaska and people who share their views about the importance of traditional marriage as an institution feel strongly about. ... The church has always reserved the right to speak out on moral issues.... You don't become disenfranchised in our democratic process just because you happen to represent a religious viewpoint. - Church Spokesperson, Michael Otterson
Hinckley, Gordon B. (4 October 1998). "What Are People Asking about Us?". Ensign. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
Thernstrom, Melanie (1999). "The Crucifixion of Matthew Shepard". Vanity Fair. He [Russell Henderson] was raised by his strict Mormon grandparents and became an honor student and a member of Future Farmers of America. He completed the requirements for the rank of Eagle Scout by cleaning a local cemetery, and had his picture taken with the governor and printed in the 'Boomerang.'
Moore, John (1 October 2009). "Murderer: 'Matt Shepard needed killing'". The Denver Post. Digital First Media.
Thernstrom, Melanie (1999). "The Crucifixion of Matthew Shepard". Vanity Fair. Most of the churches in Laramie participated in the vigils and memorial services for Matthew; even traditionally anti-homosexuality sects, like Mormons, included prayers for Matthew’s family in their services.
Wood, Benjamin (31 March 2016). "LDS Church leader, a figure in Matthew Shepard story, talks to Utah teens about hate". The Salt Lake Tribune. Stacey told the Draper students about navigating a media storm, arranging a call between President Bill Clinton and the Shepard family, and the angry and offensive letters he received after the news conference when Shepard's death was confirmed. He recalled one letter, in which he was called a 'sniveling swine' and asked whether he also cried when 'normal' people died or just when gay patients did. 'There are people out there who hate people without knowing them,' he said. 'It was frightening for me to see that.'
Lincoln, Ivan M. (15 July 2001). "'Project' retells impact of Laramie gay murder". Deseret News. LDS church.
"11 May 1999 Area Presidency Letter". LDS Church. Missing or empty |url= (help)
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Byrd, A. Dean. "When a Loved One Struggles with Same-Sex Attraction". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
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Balmforth, Kathryn. "Hijacking Human Rights". Howard Center for Family, Religion and Society. Archived from the original on 13 February 2016. The radical feminists, population control ideologues, and homosexual rights activists who make up the anti-family movement know as well as we do that they speak for only a small minority of the world’s people. ... Therefore, homosexual rights activists are again bypassing the democratic process and going from court to court, hoping to find a judge who will take it upon himself to create a 'right' to 'gay marriage,' which can then be forced on the citizens of the United States. ... The anti-family faction has targeted the human rights system because it is a direct path to power. The power they seek is the power to curtail the freedom of most of humanity and to do it, ironically, in the name of 'human rights.'
Vanderhooft, JoSelle (16 September 2010). "Allies Honored at Equality Utah Dinner". QSaltLake Magazine. 'Education is one of our major goals, and to just try to get the parents and siblings to love their gay child and keep their gay child under their wing, not kick them out of the house like happens so many times with gay children,' said Millie Watts in an interview with KUED for Friends and Neighbors: A Community Divided, a 1999 documentary about the families and friends of gay and lesbian Utahns.
"Friends and Neighbors: A Community Divided". kued.org. Public Broadcasting Service. Archived from the original on 11 February 2002.
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"David Pruden". kued.org. Public Broadcasting Service. Archived from the original on 12 March 2002.
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[Dynamics-1] Quinn, D. Michael (1996). Same-Sex Dynamics among Nineteenth-Century Americans: A Mormon Example. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0252022050.

[Lavender-2] Winkler, Douglas A. (May 2008). Lavender Sons of Zion: A History of Gay Men in Salt Lake City, 1950–1979. Salt Lake City, Utah: University of Utah Department of History. ISBN 9780549493075.

[Obscurity-3] Young, Neil J. (1 July 2016). Out of Obscurity: Mormonism Since 1945. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199358229. Retrieved 26 May 2017.

[4] Quinn, D. Michael (15 January 1997). The Mormon Hierarchy: Extensions of Power (1 ed.). Salt Lake City, Utah: Signature Books. p. 804. ISBN 1560850604. 5 Apr., 'Clyde Felt has confessed to cutting the throat of old man Collins, at his request. The old man was a moral degenerate. The boy is a son of David P. Felt.' Grandson of former general authority, Clyde Felt is fourteen. Despite this blood atonement murder, LDS leaders allow [the] young man to be endowed and married in temple eight years later.

[5] Williams, Ben (21 March 2014). "Murder at Hell's Hollow". qsaltlake.com. QSaltLake Magazine.

[6] "Told How Collins Died". The Salt Lake Tribune. 4 April 1902. p. 1.

[Hierarchy-7] Quinn, D. Michael (15 January 1997). The Mormon Hierarchy: Extensions of Power (1 ed.). Salt Lake City, Utah: Signature Books. ISBN 1560850604. Retrieved 15 June 2017.

[8] Thomas, Kate (January 1903). "Song". Young Woman's Journal. 14 (1): 34. A Scarlet West. / An East merged into eventide, / A bare, brown plain; and by my side / The one, the one in all the world / I love the best! / Last night's gay mask— / The outward wildness and the inward ache— / I cast forever. From her lips I take / Joy never-ceasing. Brown plain and her kiss, / Are all I ask.

[Multiply-9] O'Donovan, Rocky Connell (1994). "'The Abominable and Detestable Crime against Nature': A Brief History of Homosexuality and Mormonism, 1840-1980". Multiply and Replenish: Mormon Essays on Sex and Family. Salt Lake City: Signature Books. ISBN 1-56085-050-7. Retrieved 27 November 2016.

[10] "Thomas Is Given Thorough Scoring" (PDF). The Salt Lake Tribune. 79 (77). 30 June 1909 – via The US Library of Congress. Also available here and here

[11] History Project (Boston, Mass.) (1998), Improper Bostonians: Lesbian and Gay History from the Puritans to Playland, Beacon Press, p. 75, ISBN 978-0-8070-7949-2

[12] Kasius, Cora (June 1925). "The Transportation Problem". Relief Society Magazine. 12 (6): 303.

[13] Kasius, Cora (July 1925). "The Relief Society Social Service Institute". Relief Society Magazine. 12 (7): 345.

[14] "Ruth Drake is Suicide Says Inquest Jury". Daily Herald. 57 (142). Associated Press. 3 December 1926. p. 1. Archived from the original on 24 March 2018 – via Newspapers.com. Funeral services for Sarah [Lundstedt] will be held in the Twenty-third ward chapel of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Mormon, at Layton Sunday afternoon.

[15] "Murder and Suicide Bared in Love Pact of S.L. Girls". The Salt Lake Telegram. 25 (304). Associated Press. 29 November 1926. p. 5. Archived from the original on 24 March 2018 – via Newspapers.com. On January 1, 1925, Ruth Drake came to Salt Lake to attend L.D.S. business college and lived with the Lundstedt family. First part of the article archived here, second part here.

[16] "Order Inquest in Deaths of Girls of Strange Love". The Ogden Standard-Examiner. 25 (304). Associated Press. 30 November 1926. pp. 1–2. Archived from the original on 25 March 2018 – via Newspapers.com. Tone of the letters ... show that an intimacy began with a schoolgirl friendship and developed to the point where their correspondence was filled with burning admissions of love. Page 2 of the article archived here.

[17] "Girls' Suicide Pact is Proved". The San Bernardino County Sun. 59 (92). Associated Press. 29 November 1926. p. 1. Archived from the original on 23 March 2018 – via Newspapers.com. For four years a strange affection had existed between the girl, and it is the opinion of the authorities that they chose death together rather than separation ....

[18] "Unusual Love Believed Back Two Girls' Deaths in S.L." The Ogden Standard-Examiner. 57 (138). Associated Press. 29 November 1926. p. 1. Archived from the original on 25 March 2018 – via Newspapers.com. The dead young women are: Miss Ruth Drake, 19 ... Miss Sarah Lundstedt, 22 Page 2 of the article archived here.

[19] Ware, Susan (11 March 2005). Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary Completing the Twentieth Century, Volume 5. Harvard University Press. p. 622. ISBN 978-0674014886.

[20] Howe, Susan Elizabeth (Fall 1996). "'I Do Remember How It Smelled Heavenly': Mormon Aspects of May Swenson's Poetry" (PDF). Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 29 (3): 141.

[21] "Women of Caliber, Women of Cache Valley: May Swenson". usu.edu. Utah State University.

[22] Lythgoe, Dennis (1 April 2007). "'Body My House' is stellar tribute to Swenson". Deseret News. LDS Church.

[23] "Lesbian poet's portrait to be hung at Smithsonian". advocate.com. Advocate. 16 July 2005.

[Lesbian_Mormons-24] Jordan, Sara (March 1997). "Lesbian Mormon History". affirmation.org. Affirmation: Gay & Lesbian Mormons. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014.

[Images-25] Anderson, J. Seth (29 May 2017). LGBT Salt Lake: Images of Modern America. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 9781467125857.

[Mildred-26] Wood, Stacy; Cubé, Caroline. "Mildred Berryman papers 1918-1990". oac.cdlib.org. University of California, Los Angeles.

[Invisible-27] McHugh, Kathleen A.; Johnson-Grau, Brenda; Sher, Ben Raphael (2014). Making Invisible Histories Visible (PDF). Los Angeles: University of California, Los Angeles Center for the Study of Women. p. 68. ISBN 9780615990842. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Also hosted online at escholarship.org

[28] Quinn, D. Michael (2002). Elder Statesman: A Biography of J. Reuben Clark. Signature Books. p. 345. ISBN 1560851554.

[29] Salinas, Hugo. "Queer Mormons of the 19th Century". affirmation.org. Affirmation. Retrieved 23 February 2017.

[30] "Book on LDS Patriarchal Blessings Published". signaturebooks.com. Signature Books Publishing. Archived from the original on 23 February 2017. Retrieved 23 February 2017.

[31] Gibson, Doug. "Remember that Gay Mormon Patriarch?". realclearreligion.org. Real Clear Religion. Retrieved 23 February 2017.

[32] O'Donovan, Connell; Quinn, D. Michael. "Chronology of Events on Patriarch Joseph Fielding Smith's Homosexuality". affirmation.org. Affirmation. Archived from the original on January 22, 2010. Retrieved February 23, 2017.

[33] Whitefield, Jim (21 May 2009). The Mormon Delusion: The Secret Truth Withheld from 13 Million Mormons (1 ed.). Lulu. pp. 261–262. ISBN 978-1409278856. Retrieved 23 February 2017.

[34] Bates, Irene M. (1996). Lost legacy: The Mormon office of presiding patriarch (1 ed.). Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0252021630.

[35] Mohrman, K. (May 2015). "Queering the LDS Archive". Radical History Review (122): 154. Retrieved 5 February 2017.

[Bookcraft-36] Kimball, Edward L.; Kimball, Andrew E. (1977). Spencer W. Kimball: Twelfth President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Salt Lake City: Bookcraft. ISBN 0884943305. Also available at archive.org

[The_birth_of_Mormon_homophobia-37] Lore, Lambda (1 Sep 2011). "The birth of Mormon homophobia". Q Salt Lake Magazine. Retrieved 23 February 2017.

[38] Kane, Rich (11 April 2017). "Whatever happened to ... the Radio City Lounge, Utah's oldest gay bar?". The Salt Lake Tribune. Salt Lake City's Radio City Lounge was known as the oldest gay bar west of the Mississippi. ... 'I was raised a very staunch Mormon. ... I prayed a lot to change because I knew this was not acceptable and the church was not going to accept me,' he says. He [Bob Sorensen] met his future husband, Jim Swensen, at Radio City in 1966. They now live in Arizona. ... [Rose] Carrier played the traditional role of bartender-slash-psychiatrist for her customers, many of whom were married Mormon men with children at home.

[BYU_1940s-39] Kofoed, Earl (April 1993). "Memories of Being Gay at BYU". Affinity. Affirmation: 5, 9. Archived from the original on 17 June 2006.

[40] Clark, J. Reuben (2 October 1952). "Home and the Building of Home Life" (PDF). Relief Society Magazine: 793–794. Retrieved 3 November 2016. ... [T]he crimes for which Sodom and Gomorrah were destroyed–we have coined a softer name for them than came from old; we now speak of homosexuality, which, it is tragic to say, is found among both sexes. ...Not without foundation is the contention of some that the homosexuals are today exercising great influence in shaping our art, literature, music, and drama.

[Harold-41] Williams, Clyde J. (1996). The Teachings of Harold B. Lee. Salt Lake City, Utah: Bookcraft Inc. ISBN 1570084831.

[42] Lee, Harold (1 July 1954). The Flood (Speech). BYU Summer School Lecture. Provo, Utah: LDS Church.

[43] Clark, J. Reuben (2 October 1954). 125th Semi-Annual General Conference (PDF). LDS Church. p. 79. Retrieved 15 November 2016.

[Rational_Faiths_Timeline-44] "Timeline of Mormon Thinking About Homosexuality". RationalFaiths.com. Rational Faiths. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2016.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

[45] "The Church's Changing Stance on Homosexuality and LGBT issues". beingathinkingsheep.wordpress.com. Wordpress.com. Retrieved 15 November 2016.

[46] Marcus, Eric. "Morris Foote". makinggayhistory.com. Pineapple Street Media. According to the late journalist John Gersassi—whose 1966 book, 'The Boys of Boise: Furor, Vice and Folly in an American City,' chronicles the scandal—the police questioned nearly fifteen hundred Boise citizens and gathered the names of hundreds of suspected homosexuals by the time the investigation ran its course the following year. All told, sixteen men were arrested on charges ranging from 'lewd and lascivious conduct with minor children under the age of sixteen' to 'infamous crimes against nature.' Of the sixteen, ten went to jail, including several whose only crime had been to engage in sex with another consenting adult male.

[47] Barclay, Donald (22 April 1981). "Coming Out in Boise". University News. Boise State University. p. 9.

[48] Gerassi, John G. (1 November 2001). "The Boys". The Boys of Boise: Furor, Vice and Folly in an American City (Reprint ed.). Seattle: University of Washington Press. pp. 30, 31. ISBN 0295981679. 'Of course, in Boise there's the extra element of the power of the Mormons ... The atmosphere is stifling, and the pressure to conform enormous. The city fathers or bigwigs take it upon themselves to impose standards for everyone else.' ... 'Of the sixty-five kids, thirty-five were Mormons ....' Butler did interview thirty-two of the sixty-five kids who were thought to have been involved in some way with the homosexuals. ... 'Most of the kids who had participated had done for a combination of kicks and rebellion against parental authority.'

[49] Clark, J. Reuben (April 1957). Sexual Sin (PDF). Scriptures.BYU.EDU: LDS Church. p. 87.

[50] McConkie, Bruce R. (1958). Mormon Doctrine. Deseret Book.

[Conservative_Christian_Identity-51] Phillips, Rick (2005). Conservative Christian Identity & Same-Sex Orientation: The Case of Gay Mormons (PDF). Frankfurt, Germany: Peter Lang Publishing. ISBN 0820474800. Archived from the original on 18 April 2017. Retrieved 31 May 2017.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

[52] Tapper, Jake (6 October 2006). "A Brief History Of Gays In Government". ABC News. 1959 – Political thriller 'Advise and Consent' features fictional Utah Sen. Brigham Anderson driven to suicide when political enemies threaten to expose a gay affair from his youth.

[53] Simon, Scott (2 September 2009). "At 50, a D.C. Novel With Legs". The Wall Street Journal. The man who turns out to almost unwillingly stand in the way of confirmation is an unflinchingly honest young senator from Utah who has concealed a wartime homosexual tryst. ... Drury's most appealing character is Brigham Anderson, the young senator from Utah. When Otto Preminger brought 'Advise and Consent' to the screen in 1962, the senator's homosexuality is called a "tired old sin.' But in Drury's book, Brigham Anderson is candid and unapologetic to those closest to him. 'It didn't seem horrible at the time,' he says, 'and I am not going to say now that it did, even to you.'

[54] Rich, Frank (15 May 2005). "Just How Gay Is the Right?". The New York Times. In 'Advise and Consent,' the handsome young senator with a gay secret (Don Murray) is from Utah—a striking antecedent of the closeted conservative Mormon lawyer in Tony Kushner's 'Angels in America.' For a public official to be identified as gay in the Washington of the 1950s and 1960s meant not only career suicide but also potentially actual suicide. Yet Drury, a staunchly anti-Communist conservative of his time, regarded the character as sympathetic, not a villain. The senator's gay affair, he wrote, was 'purely personal and harmed no one else.'

[55] Sears, Brad; Hunter, Nan D.; Mallory, Christy (September 2009). Documenting Discrimination on the Basis of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in State Employment (PDF). Los Angeles: The Williams Institute on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Law and Public Policy at UCLA School of Law. p. 5–3. From 1947 to 1961, more than 5,000 allegedly homosexual federal civil servants lost their jobs in the purges for no reason other than sexual orientation, and thousands of applicants were also rejected for federal employment for the same reason. During this period, more than 1,000 men and women were fired for suspected homosexuality from the State Department alone—a far greater number than were dismissed for their membership in the Communist party. The Cold War and anti-communist efforts provided the setting in which a sustained attack upon gay men and lesbians took place. The history of this 'Lavender Scare' by the federal government has been extensively documented by historian David Johnson. Johnson has demonstrated that during this era government officials intentionally engaged in campaigns to associate homosexuality with Communism: 'homosexual' and 'pervert' became synonyms for 'Communist' and 'traitor.' LGBT people were treated as a national security threat, demanding the attention of Congress, the courts, statehouses, and the media.

[56] "An interview with David K. Johnson author of The Lavender Scare: The Cold War Persecution of Gays and Lesbians in the Federal Government". press.uchicago.edu. The University of Chicago. 2004. The Lavender Scare helped fan the flames of the Red Scare. In popular discourse, communists and homosexuals were often conflated. Both groups were perceived as hidden subcultures with their own meeting places, literature, cultural codes, and bonds of loyalty. Both groups were thought to recruit to their ranks the psychologically weak or disturbed. And both groups were considered immoral and godless. Many people believed that the two groups were working together to undermine the government.

[57] Heredia, Christopher (19 February 2006). "Joel Dorius—gay professor in '60s porn scandal". SFGATE. Hearst Communications, Inc.

[58] "News & Events: Former Smith Professor Joel Dorius Dies". smith.edu. Smith College. 20 February 2006.

[59] McLellan, Dennis (23 February 2006). "Joel Dorius, 87; Educator Convicted, Exonerated in '60s Gay Pornography Case". Los Angeles Times.

[60] McFadden, Robert D. (20 February 2006). "Joel Dorius, 87, Victim in Celebrated Anti-Gay Case, Dies". The New York Times.

[61] "The Great Pink Scare". pbs.org. Public Broadcasting Service.

[62] Calamia, Don. "Oh, those scary homos: PBS documentary traces 1960s gay witch hunt". pridesource.com. Pride Source Media Group. Retrieved 1 June 2006.

[63] Lee, Harold (3 February 1962). The Light of Christ (Speech). BYU Institute of Religion: LDS Church.

[House-64] Bergera, James; Priddis, Ronald (1985). Brigham Young University: A House of Faith. Signature Books. ISBN 0941214346. Retrieved 21 November 2016.

[Pain-65] O'Donovan, Rocky Connell (28 April 1997). Private pain, public purges: a history of homosexuality at Brigham Young University (Speech). University of California Santa Cruz. Reprinted here.

[Through_the_Years-66] Bracken, Seth (14 April 2011). "Through the Years". Q Salt Lake.

[67] Kimball, Spencer W. (10 July 1964). A Counselling Problem in the Church. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University. pp. 1–21. Retrieved 17 November 2016.

[Kimball-1965-68] Kimball, Spencer W (January 5, 1965), "Love vs. Lust", BYU Speeches of the Year. Transcript reprint with permission by the Mental Health Resource Foundation at mentalhealthlibrary.info. Note: References to homosexuality were removed in the reprinted version of the speech in the 1972 book compilation of Kimball's speeches "Faith Precedes the Miracle".

[69] Mark, Petersen (4 Apr 1965). "No True Worship without Chastity". The Improvement Era. Salt Lake City: LDS Church: 504.

[Make_Honor_Your_Standard-70] Wilkinson, Ernest (23 Sep 1965). Make Honor Your Standard. Brigham Young University. p. 8.

[71] Wilkinson, Ernest (13 Nov 1965). "Make Honor Your Standard". Deseret News: Church News: 11.

[72] Kimball, Edward L. (1982). The Teachings of Spencer W. Kimball. Bookcraft. p. 274. ISBN 9780884944720.

[73] Hunter, Milton R. "Seeking Peace and Happiness". scriptures.byu.edu. Brigham Young University. Retrieved 19 November 2016.

[74] One Hundred Thirty-Sixth Semi-Annual Conference Report (PDF). Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. p. 39. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 November 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2016. See also here.

[75] Smith, Elred G. (December 1966). "Repent and Turn to God". Improvement Era. LDS Church: 1128.

[76] One Hundred Thirty-Sixth Semi-Annual Conference Report (PDF). Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. p. 78. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 November 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2016. See also here.

[77] General Handbook of Instructions (20 ed.). Salt Lake City, Utah: LDS Church. 1968. p. 122.

[78] Shields, Steven L. (2001). Divergent Paths of the Restoration: A History of the Latter-day Saint Movement. Herald House. p. 100. ISBN 0830905693. Retrieved 2 October 2017.

[79] The Cultic Milieu: Oppositional Subcultures in an Age of Globalization. AltaMira Press. 23 July 2002. p. 107. ISBN 075910204X. Retrieved 2 October 2017.

[Helping-80] Understanding and Helping Those Who Have Homosexual Problems. LDS Church. 1992. Retrieved 3 November 2016.

[81] The Life and Teachings of Jesus and His Apostles. LDS Church. 1979. pp. 314–21. Archived from the original on 2016-06-16. Retrieved 29 October 2016.

[Miracle-82] Kimball, Spencer W. (1969), The Miracle of Forgiveness, Bookcraft, ISBN 978-0-88494-192-7

[83] Lee, Harold (3 April 1969). By Love Unfeigned (Speech). Regional Representatives' Seminar. LDS Church.

[84] Petersen, Mark E. "The Dangers of the So-called Sex Revolution". scriptures.byu.edu. Brigham Young University. Retrieved 19 November 2016.

[85] One Hundred Thirty-Ninth Annual Conference Report (PDF). Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 5 April 1969. p. 65. Retrieved 19 November 2016.

[Examination-86] Cook, Bryce (Summer 2017). "What Do We Know of God's Will for His LGBT Children? An Examination of the LDS Church's Current Position on Homosexuality". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 50 (2).

[87] Hope for Transgressors. LDS Church. Retrieved 3 November 2016.

[KimballPetersen1970-88] Kimball, Spencer W.; Petersen, Mark E. (1970), Hope for Transgressors, LDS Church. Reprint without permission at connellodonovan.com

[89] Brown, Victor L. (April 1970). Wanted: Parents With Courage. Salt Lake City, Utah: LDS Church. pp. 31–33. Retrieved 19 November 2016.

[90] One Hundred Fortieth Annual Conference With Report of Discourses (PDF). Salt Lake City, Utah: LDS Church. April 1970. pp. 31–32.

[91] Wolf, Sheila M. (21 May 1970). "The People: Homosexuals and the Self". Daily Utah Chronicle. University of Utah. But all my life I had the feeling I was different from other girls, going through a period of time when I felt like the only one in the world. ... I have a feeling the suicide rate among homosexuals is high just from personal knowledge. In the last five years, ten acquaintances have committed suicide. ... I'm an only child, raised as a Mormon by liberally-minded people. My parents don't know about me. My mother had an inkling about it one time. I've never seen such terror and hysteria, but a convinced her it was all a mistake.

[92] Lee, Harold (7 August 1970). Fifth Annual Genealogical Seminar Address (Speech). Fifth Annual Priesthood Genealogical Research Seminar. BYU: Brigham Young University Press.

[93] Hunter, Howard W. "Where, Then, Is Hope?". scriptures.byu.edu. Brigham Young University. Retrieved 19 November 2016.

[94] Kimball, Spencer W. (July 1971). New Horizons for Homosexuals. Deseret News Press, LDS Church.

[95] Brown, Victor. "The Meaning of Morality". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church.

[96] Kimball, Spencer. "Voices of the Past, of the Present, of the Future". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. Retrieved 18 June 2017.

[97] Brockbank, Bernard. "The Ten Commandments". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church.

[98] "Idaho Repeals New Consenting Adult Code". The Advocate. 10 May 1972. p. 3. The new penal code enacted by the Idaho Legislature, with its liberal provisions on sexual conduct, has been repealed as a result of heavy pressure from right-wing groups and the Mormon church. Rep. Wayne Loveless (D-Pocatello), who spearheaded the repeal drive ... conten[ded] that the new code would encourage immorality and draw sexual deviates to the state. Loveless, ... is active in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day [sic] Saints (Mormon) ....

[99] Selle, Jeff (29 May 2013). "Sheriff Mum After Meeting: Wolfinger May Pull Charter After Gay Ban Pulled". Coeur d'Alene Press.

[100] Painter, George (2001). "The Sensibilities of Our Forefathers: The History of Sodomy Laws in the United States". glapn.org. Gay & Lesbian Archives of the Pacific Northwest. In 1971, the Idaho legislature passed a new criminal code that abrogated common-law crimes and repealed the sodomy law. This law technically made Idaho only the third state in the nation to decriminalize consensual sodomy, but the repeal did not last long. The new code became effective January 1, 1972, but officials in the Mormon and Catholic Churches did not care for liberalization of laws against sex. After an outpouring of opposition, the Idaho legislature passed a law to repeal the new code, without passing a replacement, effective April 1, 1972. What finally came out of the legislature was a code reinstating the status quo. The law was passed only five days before the liberalized code’s repeal date (and, thus, only five days before the state would have been without any criminal code). The repressive code reinstated common-law crimes and the felony 'crime against nature' law with the minimum five-year penalty and no maximum.

[101] Eskridge, William N. (1 May 2008). Dishonorable Passions: Sodomy Laws in America, 1861-2003. Viking Press. p. 176. ISBN 978-0670018628.

[LDS_Church-102] Brown Jr., Victor L.; Bergin, Allen E. (1973). Homosexuality: Welfare Services Packet 1. LDS Church.

[103] "Bishop Victor L. Brown". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. Retrieved 15 November 2016.

[Paradigm-104] Prince, Gregory A. (27 September 2017). "Science vs. Dogma: Biology Challenges the LDS Paradigm of Homosexuality" (PDF). thc.utah.edu. University of Utah Tanner Humanities Center. Video of the presentation.

[105] Oaks, Dallin. "Be Honest In All Behavior". byu.edu. BYU. In his condemnation of the lawless and disobedient, the apostle Paul listed murderers, whoremongers, those that defiled themselves with mankind (an obvious reference to homosexuality), and 'liars and perjured persons' (1 Tim. 1:9–10).

[106] Oaks, Dallin (2 February 1973). "Truth Synonymous With the Gospel". Daily Universe. BYU. 25 (94): 6.

[107] "Statement on Homosexuality". The Priesthood Bulletin. 9 (1): 3. February 1973.

[108] Bergin, Allen. "Toward a Theory of Human Agency". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church.

[109] Lee, Harold (26 August 1973). Message for the Servicemen over the American Forces Network (Speech). Munich Area General Conference. Munich, Germany.

[Sympathy-110] Cragun, Ryan T.; Williams, Emily; Sumerau, J. E. (May 2015). "From Sodomy to Sympathy: LDS Elites' Discursive Construction of Homosexuality Over Time". Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 54 (2): 291–310. doi:10.1111/jssr.12180.

[111] Brown, Victor. "Our Youth: Modern Sons of Helaman". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. Retrieved 17 June 2017.

[112] "Deuteronomy 7:1-3". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church.

[113] Brown, S. Kent; Meservy, Keith H. "I Have a Question". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church.

[114] Oaks, Dallin (27 March 1974). The Popular Myth of the Victimless Crime (Speech). Commissioner’s Lecture. BYU.

[115] Oaks, Dallin (1974). "The Popular Myth of the Victimless Crime". The LDS Church Educational System Commissioner's Lecture Series. BYU Press: 8. I believe in retaining criminal penalties on sex crimes such as adultery, fornication, prostitution, homosexuality, and other forms of deviate sexual behavior. I concede the abuses and risks of invasion of privacy that are involved in the enforcement of such crimes and therefore concede the need for extraordinary supervision of the enforcement process. I am even willing to accept a strategy of extremely restrained enforcement of private, noncommercial sexual offenses. I favor retaining these criminal penalties primarily because of the standard-setting and teaching function of these laws on sexual morality and their support of society's exceptional interest in the integrity of the family.

[116] Snell, Buffy (13 December 2011). "AF Law May Backfire". Daily Herald.

[117] "I Have a Question". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. Retrieved 16 November 2016.

[118] Kimball, Spencer. "Love vs. Lust" (PDF). byui.edu. BYU-Idaho.

[119] Be Ye Therefore Perfect. byu.edu. LDS Church. 17 September 1974. Event occurs at 24:24. [I]t is hard for me to understand why men wish to resemble women and why women desire to ape the men. ... Then we’re appalled to find an ever-increasing number of women who want to be sexually men and many young men who wish to be sexually women. What a travesty! I tell you that, as surely as they live, such people will regret having made overtures toward the changing of their sex. Do they know better than God what is right and best for them? Alternative youtube.com and archive.org links.

[GodWillNotBeMocked-120] Kimball, Spencer W. (1974), God Will Not Be Mocked

[121] Tanner, Eldon. "Why Is My Boy Wandering Tonight?". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church.

[122] Fritscher, Jack (2008). Gay San Francisco: Eyewitness Drummer Vol. 1 - A Memoir of the Sex, Art, Salon, Pop Culture War, and Gay History of Drummer Magazine: The Titanic 1970s to 1999 (First Printing ed.). Palm Drive Publishing. p. 90. ISBN 9781890834388.

[123] Peterson, Robert W. (7 November 1989). "Robert McQueen Dies: Former Advocate Editor Oversaw Transition". Advocate. p. 3.

[124] "Mormons Excommunicate Editor of Advocate". Advocate. 9 August 1979. pp. 10–11.

[125] ""Mormon Mafia:" David Goodstein and the LDS Team Who Helped Build The Advocate". Affinity. Affirmation: Gay & Lesbian Mormons. March 1982. Archived from the original on 25 June 2009. The speaker at the general meeting of the Affirmation Los Angeles Chapter, last month, was David Goodstein, gay activist, writer, publisher and president of Liberation Publications, Inc. which publishes the nation's leading newsmagazine, The Advocate. 'I am really moved by your being willing to join a group of other gay Mormons. The Advocate, which I have the privilege of owning, is sometimes known as 'The Mormon Mafia' and I have been compared with Howard Hughes about my having Mormons around me.'

[newspapers.com-126] Moes, Garry J. (22 Mar 1975). "Ex-BYU Security Officer Tells of Intrigue, Spying". Salt Lake Tribune.

[127] Anderson, J. Seth (29 May 2017). LGBT Salt Lake: Images of Modern America. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 9781467125857. Retrieved 21 May 2017.

[128] Williams, Ben (27 April 2005). "History of the Gay Press in Utah". Metro. 2 (9): 18–19.

[Bob-129] Williams, Ben (12 October 2005). "This Week in Lambda History". Metro Magazine. 2 (21).

[Publisher-130] Vanderhooft, JoSelle (26 May 2010). "Bob Waldrop: Reverend and Publisher". QSaltLake.

[131] Brown, Victor. "Two Views of Sexuality". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church.

[132] Rothman, Lily (8 September 2015). "How a Closeted Air Force Sergeant Became the Face of Gay Rights". Time. New York City: Time Inc. Retrieved 2 June 2017.

[HRC-133] Miller, Hayley. "40 Years Since Leonard Matlovich's Time Magazine Cover". hrc.org. Human Rights Campaign. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

[Leonard_Matlovich_Makes_Time-134] "Leonard Matlovich Makes Time". Archived from the original on February 20, 2009.

[135] Hinckley, Gordon. "Opposing Evil". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church.

[Flesh-136] Swedin, Eric G. (Winter 1998). "'One Flesh': A Historical Overview of Latter-day Saint Sexuality and Psychology" (PDF). Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 31 (4). Retrieved 14 November 2016.

[ojs.lib.byu.edu-137] Blattner, Robert L. (1975). "Counseling the Homosexual In A Church Setting". Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy. 1 (1): 1–3. Retrieved 14 November 2016.

[University_of_Illinois_Press-138] Swedin, Eric G. (17 September 2003). Healing Souls: Psychotherapy in the Latter-day Saint Community (1 ed.). University of Illinois Press. pp. 164–165. ISBN 0252028643. Retrieved 14 November 2016.

[139] Card, Robert D. (1975). "Counseling the Homosexual In A Private Setting". Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy. 1 (1): 10–13.

[140] "Apparatus and method for measuring sexual arousal". patentstorm.us. PatentStorm LLC. Archived from the original on 4 March 2012. Card's patent information also available at uspto.gov.

[Legacies:_BYU_Conversion_Therapy-141] Weakland, Sean. "Legacies". Yale University Library. Retrieved 29 September 2016.

[142] Williams, Ben (16 September 2010). "I Am Shocked! Shocked, I Tell You!". QSaltLake.

[143] Fadul, Jose A. (5 May 2015). Encyclopedia of Theory & Practice in Psychotherapy & Counseling. Raleigh, NC. p. 97. ISBN 978-1312078369.

[144] General Handbook of Instructions (21 ed.). LDS CHurch. p. 71.

[145] Bush Jr., Lester E. (Summer 1981). "Excommunication and Church Courts: A Note From the General Handbook of Instructions". Dialogue. 14 (2): 84. Retrieved 22 November 2016.

[Prelude-146] Quinn, D. Michael (Fall 2000). "Prelude to the National 'Defense of Marriage' Campaign: Civil Discrimination Against Feared or Despised Minorities" (PDF). Dialogue. 33 (3). Retrieved 22 November 2016.

[147] Smith, Wilford E. (Fall 1976). "Mormon Sex Standards on College Campuses, or Deal Us Out of the Sexual Revolution!". Dialogue. 10 (2): 76–77. PMID 11614391. Retrieved 22 November 2016.

[148] "Davis Man Found Dead in Vehicle". Ogden Standard Examiner. 10 March 1976. p. 11A. Carlyle D. Marsden was found in his car along Nichols Road dead from a pistol wound of the chest.

[149] Weist, Larry (16 March 1976). "Homosexual Suspects Arrested in Utah County". Daily Herald. p. 1. Archived from the original on 7 December 2017 – via Newspapers.com. Eight men were arraigned in the Pleasant Grove Precinct Justice Court Mondy afternoon on charges of lewdness and sodomy stemming from alleged homosexual activity at the two rest stops on I-15 north of Orem. ... Two of the suspects were arrested and charged with an act of sodomy. One of them, a 54-year-old Salt Lake County man, died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the chest two days after his arrest, according to Serge Moore, state medical examiner.

[150] Weist, Larry (16 March 1976). "Homosexual Suspects Arrested in Utah County". Daily Herald. p. 4. Archived from the original on 7 December 2017 – via Newspapers.com. Funeral services for Carlyle D. Marsden, 54, of 1388 Nichols Road, Fruit Heights, who died Monday, March 8, 1976, will be Friday at 10 a.m. in the Kaysville 11th-14th LDS Ward Chapel ... Mr. Marsden was a music teacher at Eisenhower Junior High School and at Brigham Young University.

[151] "Carlyle D. Marsden (1921-1976)". affirmation.org. Affirmation: Gay & Lesbian Mormons. Archived from the original on 8 April 2013.

[152] Belonsky, Andrew (10 February 2008). "Gay Mormons Have Eyes On Monson". Queerty. Q.Digital.

[153] Swedin, Eric (Spring 1999). "Integrating the modern psychologies and religion: Allen E. Bergin and the Latter-day Saints of the late twentieth century". Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences. 35 (2): 157. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1520-6696(199921)35:2<157::AID-JHBS3>3.0.CO;2-L.

[154] "LDS Scene". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS church. December 1979.

[155] "An Overview of Church Welfare Services". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS church. October 1975. Social Services is now part of Personal Welfare Services, with Brother Victor Brown Jr., as director.

[156] Smith, George D.; Bergera, Gary James (1994). Religion, Feminism, and Freedom of Conscience. Signature Books. pp. 100–102. ISBN 1-56085-048-5.

[157] "The Effects of Psychotherapy". jamanetwork.com. American Medical Association.

[158] "Brigham Young University. Institute for Studies in Values and Human Behavior". lib.byu.edu. BYU.

[159] Kimball, Spencer. "A Report and a Challenge". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church.

[TYMO-160] Packer, Boyd K. (1976), To Young Men Only (PDF), LDS Church, archived from the original (PDF) on March 11, 2016

[2016retired-161] Stack, Peggy Fletcher (14 November 2016). "LDS Church 'retires' Mormon apostle's 'little factory' pamphlet". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved 15 November 2016.

[162] "LDS Leader Hails Anti Gay Stand". The Salt Lake Tribune: D3. 3 November 1977. ... President Kimball said adding the church has 8,000–10,000 bishops ready to counsel members with homosexual problems. The spiritual leader of almost four million Mormons worldwide said the church also has 'young men who have gone to college' who can provide professional aid to gays.

[163] "Kimball Praises Bryant". The Daily Herald. United Press International. 6 November 1977. p. 17. Archived from the original on 8 December 2017 – via Newspapers.com.

[164] Huffaker, Dean (27 March 1982). "Homosexuality at BYU". Seventh East Press. 1 (15): 1. Retrieved 21 November 2016. Text reprinted at affirmation.org

[165] Jenkins, Cloy. "Prologue: An examination of the Mormon attitude towards homosexuality". affirmation.org. Affirmation. Archived from the original on 2008-07-01.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

[166] "B.Y.U. Students Dispute L.D.S. Doctrine". The Open Door. University of Utah Marriott Library Microfilm Archives, Salt Lake City, Utah. 1 (9): 1, 14–15, 17. September 1977.

[167] Williams, Ben. "The Payne Papers". gaysaltlake.com. QSaltLake Magazine. Later that summer, Salt Lake City gay activist Ken Kline ... who knew a gay man who worked in the church office building’s mail room, also managed to get the pamphlet mailed to all the General Authorities, TV and radio stations, and most of the LDS church faculty at BYU and Ricks College. Doing this made it look as though the pamphlet was a BYU publication and that the church had approved it. Needless to say, LDS leaders were pissed.

[168] Williams, Ben. "The beginning of Utah's gay community". gaysaltlake.com. QSaltLake Magazine.

[169] Huffaker, Dean (12 April 1982). "Homosexuality at BYU". Seventh East Press. 1 (15): 1. Retrieved 21 November 2016. Text reprinted at affirmation.org

[170] Williams, Ben. "The Payne Papers". gaysaltlake.com. QSaltLake Magazine. The 'pro-homosexuality' pamphlet flustered church officials to such a degree that in August, Allen Bergin, director of the Institute for Studies in Values and Human Behavior at BYU, was directed by LDS Social Services and BYU Comprehensive Clinic to prepare a response to 'The Payne Papers.' It was entitled 'A Reply to Unfounded Assertions Regarding Homosexuality.' It was dismal. ... The Presiding Bishop Office of the LDS Church financed BYU’s Value’s Institute attempts to rebut 'The Payne Papers' through the tithing funds that church members contributed for 'humanitarian projects.' ... Victor L. Brown of the Values Institute decried 'the fallacious claims in the Payne Papers' as the 'opposition’s attempts to indoctrinate our people.' ... By the beginning of 1980, BYU’s Institute for Studies in Values and Human Behavior hadn’t succeeded in achieving its directive to refute 'The Payne Papers.'

[171] Benson, Ezra (1977). This Nation Shall Endure. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book. p. 96. ISBN 0877476586.

[ETB-172] Benson, Ezra (1 October 1988). The Teachings of Ezra Taft Benson. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Company. ISBN 0884946398.

[173] Clarke, J. Richard. "Ministering to Needs through LDS Social Services". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church.

[174] Kimball, Spencer. "The Lord Expects His Saints to Follow the Commandments". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. Retrieved 30 April 2017.

[175] "Relief Society Leader Hails Anita Bryant's Homosexuality Stand". The Salt Lake Tribune. 11 June 1977. p. B3. Archived from the original on 8 December 2017 – via Newspapers.com.

[176] "Relief Society Leader Lauds Anita Bryant". The Ogden Standard Examiner. 12 June 1977. p. 11A. Archived from the original on 8 December 2017 – via Newspapers.com.

[177] Jennings, Duane; Bennington, Brian G. (1 January 2007). "S.O.S.: Stories of Service, of Saving Lives and Giving Hope. Looking Back Over Thirty Years of Affirmation: Gay and Lesbian Mormons, and to the Next Thirty Years". sunstonemagazine.com. Sunstone Education Foundation, Inc.

[Affirmation-178] "Affirmation". Archived from the original on April 30, 2006..

[179] "Our History". affirmation.org. Affirmation.

[180] Matthew, Prince. "Affirmation/G.M.U. December Newsletter" (PDF). uscs.edu. University of California Santa Cruz. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-04.

[181] Bell, Jay. "Robert I. McQueen: Missionary, Editor, and Activist". affirmation.org. Affirmation. Archived from the original on 2010-03-31.

[182] Mortensen, Paul. "In The Beginning: A Brief History of Affirmation". affirmation.org. Affirmation. Archived from the original on 2013-10-21.

[Gay_Mormons_Organize-183] "Gay Mormons Organize". The Advocate. 2 November 1977.

[Utah's_Stonewall-184] Dobner, Jennifer (2 June 2017). "Salt Lake City's hidden LGBT history documented in new book". The Salt Lake Tribune. Among the other historical treasures pictured in Anderson's book: ... Several pictures from the 1977 protest march and candlelight vigils held when former beauty queen Anita Bryant brought her Save Our Children campaign—to protect children from homosexuality—to Utah for a rally. 'I consider that Utah's Stonewall,' Anderson said, referencing the 1969 riots outside a New York bar, the Stonewall Inn, that was a haven for gays. 'This is the first time the [Utah] community gathered to protest in public ... the first time the community thinks of itself as having rights and fighting back.'

[185] O'Donovan, Connell (27 May 2007). Affirmation: Singing the Songs of our Redemption, 1977 to 2007 (Speech). Affirmation 30th Anniversary Conference. Holladay, Utah United Church of Christ. Archived from the original on 18 February 2009. The LDS Church later invited Ms. Bryant to come to Utah for the Utah State Fair, and both Spencer W. Kimball, and the General Relief Society President, Barbara B. Smith, held news conferences praising Anita Bryant and her work to save America from 'the homosexual menace.'

[186] Briscoe, David (19 September 1977). "Gay, Anti-Gay Pickets Parade at Anita's Show". The Ogden Standard-Examiner. p. 6A. Archived from the original on 9 December 2017 – via Newspapers.com. The lead marcher in the gay group carried an American flag. He was followed by The Rev. Bob Waldrop, pastor of the Metropolitan Community Church, who said demonstrators were grateful for Anita because she has made homosexuals 'come out of the closet.'

[187] "Tear Gas Used to Disperse Utah Anita Bryant Protesters". The Daily Herald. United Press International. 19 September 1977. p. 10. Archived from the original on 9 December 2017 – via Newspapers.com. A crowd of 200 people attending a candlelight vigil to protest the appearance of singer Anita Bryant at the Utah State Fair Sunday night was dispersed by teargas but it was not known who released the gas. ... 'We want the right to live, work, love and contribute to society without being harassed,' he [Bob Waldrop] said.

[188] Wetzel, Paul (19 September 1977). "Both Sides 'Greet' Anita Bryant". The Salt Lake Tribune. pp. 19, 28. Archived from the original on 9 December 2017 – via Newspapers.com. The Rev. Bob Waldrop, pastor of Metropolitan Community Church, led picketers opposed to Miss Bryant outside the fairgrounds. The demonstration was sponsored by a group called the Salt Lake Coalition for Human Rights. The Rev. Mr. Waldrop said. 'We want the right to live, work, love and contribute to society without being harassed. As long as Anita Bryant and her followers say we can't have that and call us perverts, then we'll have to continue our movement.' Pastor Waldrop led a vigil at 8:30 p.m. at Memory Grove which was attended by about 200 persons. The vigil commemorated the slaying of three homosexuals last June. The vigil included speeches by Rev. Waldrop, Bob Kunst, a gay rights activist from Miami. Fla., Shirley Pedier, executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union of Utah and Rep. Jeff Fox, D-Salt Lake. The meeting ended at 9:30 p.m. with a candlelight ceremony. It was marred only by teargas, apparently from a cannister which dispersed those near the speakers platform shortly after the meeting ended. First part available here and second part also archived here.

[Anderson-189] "Meet the Gay Couple Who Made History in Utah". advocate.com. Advocate. 17 January 2014.

[190] The Foundations of Righteousness. ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. 1 October 1977. Event occurs at 14:38. Alternative youtube.com and archive.org links.

[To_The_One-191] Packer, Boyd K. (1978). To The One. LDS Church.

[192] Kimball, Spencer. "Listen to the Prophets". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. Retrieved 25 May 2017.

[193] Johnson, Kirk (20 July 1978). "Gay Documentary Cancelled". The Chronicle. University of Utah. p. 1.

[194] "Editorial: Censor Strikes Again". The Chronicle. University of Utah. 20 July 1978. p. 2.

[195] "Gay Leader Loses Equal Time Bid". The Salt Lake Tribune. Associated Press. 30 March 1978. p. B7.

[196] "First Presidency Reaffirms Opposition to ERA". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. Retrieved 16 November 2016.

[197] Petersen, Mark (16 December 1978). "Sin Is No Excuse". Church News. LDS Church: 16.

[198] Williams, Ben (21 November 2014). "Steve Holbrook and 35 years of KRCL". qsaltlake.com. QSaltLake Magazine. In 1979 KRCL’s first GLBT program was an hour-long show called “Gayjavu.” The program evolved over the next few years into “Concerning Gays and Lesbians” which was one of the nation’s longest, (if indeed not the longest) continuous local gay and lesbian radio program in the nation.

[199] Williams, Ben (25 May 2014). "The beginning of Utah's gay community". qsaltlake.com. QSaltLake Magazine. Utah was especially unique in that the newly organized KRCL FM 91 had a local gay program from the beginning called Gayjavu which would become Concerning Gays and Lesbians for the next 20 years. Stephen Holbrook, a gay man who founded KRCL, was dedicated to Utah’s gay minority having a voice.

[200] Williams, Ben (1 July 2006). "Lambda History: Stephen Holbrook". QSaltLake. Salt Lick Publishing, LLC: 11. While not identified publicly as gay, Stephen Holbrook as a gay man was committed to the gay community having a voice over the KRCL airwaves. For over 26 years KRCL has provided the [LGBT] communities of Utah with local informational programming.

[201] O'Donovan, Connell (27 May 2007). Affirmation: Singing the Songs of our Redemption, 1977 to 2007 (Speech). Affirmation 30th Anniversary Conference. Holladay, Utah United Church of Christ. Archived from the original on 18 February 2009. Bob Waldrop, a young convert and missionary recently returned from Australia, moved to California where he came out in 1975 and then became affiliated with the Metropolitan Community Church (or MCC) an evangelical church with a specific ministry for Gay people) in San Jose and decided to train for the ministry. About that time, Rev. Alice Jones of MCC Salt Lake decided to leave Utah and she invited Bob Waldrop to move to Salt Lake and take over her ministry, since he had an LDS background. He arrived in Utah in February 1977 and became the worship coordinator for MCC Salt Lake.

[202] "Rotunda Denied To S.L. Church". The Salt Lake Tribune. 19 February 1977. Archived from the original on 4 December 2017 – via Newspapers.com. Leaders of a Salt Lake City church Friday criticized Lt. Gov. David S. Monson for denying their use of the Capitol rotunda for a dance. The lieutenant governor-secretary of state replied that his information indicated the church has a number of homosexual members, and it would not be in the best interest of the state to grant the request. ... Asked if it was not obvious discrimination to refuse the facility to the Metropolitan Community Church, the lieutenant governor said, 'We have some obligation to see public buildings are used for purposes that meet the approval of a majority of the community.'

[203] "AV 570: Welfare Services Department training recordings 1977-1981, 2005, 2009-2011". churchofjesuschrist.org. LDS Church. Archived from the original on 2 October 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2017.

[204] Lauritsen, Ed D. (6 February 1979). "The Role of the Father in Male Homosexuality". BYU.

[Crusade-205] Williams, Ben (Feb 2018). "The '70s Mormon Crusade Against Homosexuals". QSaltLake. 15 (276): 20. Archived from the original on 31 Aug 2020.

[206] Vaughn, Featherstone (27 Feb 1979). "Charity Never Faileth". speeches.byu.edu. BYU. Archived from the original on 31 Aug 2020.

[207] Murphy, Barbara; Tate, Alice; Long, David; Welker, Joseph (11 April 1979). "LDS Views of Homosexuality". The Daily Universe. BYU. p. 16.

[Percent-208] Bergera, James; Priddis, Ronald (1985). Brigham Young University: A House of Faith. Signature Books. ISBN 0941214346. In 'Homosexuality: Cause for Concern?' DU [Daily Universe], 10 April 1979, Maxine Murdock of the [BYU] Counseling Center conservatively estimated that 4 percent of the student body (approximately 1,200) is homosexual. See footnote 71.

[Concern-209] Murphy, Barbara; Tate, Alice; Long, David; Welker, Joseph (10 April 1979). "Homosexuality: Cause for Concern?". The Daily Universe. BYU. p. 1. According to local psychologists who are working on homosexuality research, anywhere from 1 to 4 percent of the BYU male population have homosexual tendencies. Dr. Ford McBride, a psychologist at Timpanogos Community Mental Health Center, and Dr. Maxine Murdock, licensed psychologist at the BYU Counseling Center who works with homosexual students, estimate the figure at 4 percent. McBride said his estimate is based on extrapolation of the old Kinsey report.

[Stirs-210] Murphy, Barbara; Tate, Alice; Long, David; Welker, Joseph (11 April 1979). "Homosexuality Stirs Controversy". The Daily Universe. BYU. p. 1.

[Possible-211] Murphy, Barbara; Tate, Alice; Long, David; Welker, Joseph (12 April 1979). "Homosexuality: 'Change Possible'". The Daily Universe. BYU. p. 3.

[212] "Our History". affirmation.org. Affirmation: LGBT Mormons, Families & Friends. The year 1979 was a year of significant growth for Affirmation and gay LDS people. It was the year that Affirmation decided to proclaim itself. In June of that year, for the first time ever, Gay Mormons marched in a Gay parade in Los Angeles. In September, 14 members participated in the “March on Washington for Gay Rights.” Now there would never be any turning back. It was the first national mainstream coverage Gay Mormons had ever received and it raised our goals and spirits.

[213] Dugget, Bob (Director); Dawson, Gil (Sound) (1 July 1979). Gay Pride Everywhere: Christopher Street West (Gay) Parade. West Hollywood: Doggett & Dugger Video Services. Event occurs at 20:12. See also Videos: The L.A. Pride Parade Through The Years, Defiantly Marching On Archived 2017-11-05 at the Wayback Machine.

[214] Thomas, Jo (15 October 1979). "75,000 March in Capital in Drive To Support Homosexual Rights; 'Sharing' and 'Flaunting'". The New York Times. pp. A14.

[215] "Our History". affirmation.org. Affirmation.

[216] Mortensen, Paul. "In The Beginning: A Brief History of Affirmation". affirmation.org. Affirmation. Archived from the original on 2013-10-21.

[lds.org-217] "The Church and the Proposed Equal Rights Amendment: A Moral Issue". Ensign. March 1980. Retrieved 16 November 2016.

[218] McConkie, Bruce. "The Coming Tests and Trials and Glory". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church.

[KimballOnMorality-219] Kimball, Spencer W. (1980), President Kimball Speaks Out on Morality

[220] Brown Jr., Victor L. "A Better Me, a Better Marriage". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church.

[221] Brown Jr., Victor (1981). Human Intimacy: Illusion & Reality. Parliament Publishers. pp. 73–75. ISBN 9780884944416. Masters and Johnson, world-renowned sexologists, approvingly describe "ambisexuals" who, because of their technical skill and very lack of emotional involvement, achieve orgasm 100 percent of the time in their sexual encounters. These researchers concluded that such physical success gave ambisexuals the advantage over heterosexual men or women because this "absence of sexual preference" also means an absence of "sexual prejudice" which, they claim, is "a cornerstone that supports any number of other social biases." These "privileged" individuals, according to Masters and Johnson, may be pointing the way for society at large. Such messages are disturbing.

[222] Brown Jr., Victor (1981). Human Intimacy: Illusion & Reality. Parliament Publishers. pp. 21–22. ISBN 9780884944416. This fashionable equation of homosexual liaison with heterosexual marriage is sophistry and contains its own fatal inconsistency. ... The temporary and fragile relationships of the ironically nicknamed gay subculture ... were interpreted as superior to the more disciplined, orderly lives of the heterosexual subjects.

[ReferenceB-223] Understanding and Changing Homosexual Orientation Problems. LDS Church. 1981. Reprinted with permission at mentalhealthlibrary.info, see authorization here.

[Homosexuality-224] Homosexuality. Salt Lake City, UT: LDS Church. 1981. Retrieved 22 November 2016.

[Masturbation-225] Maza, Christina (14 December 2017). "Masturbation Will Make You Gay, Warns Leaked Mormon Church Document". Newsweek. Newsweek Media Group.

[226] Brown, Victor (April 1981). "Male Homosexuality: Identity Seeking a Role". AMCAP. 7 (2): 3–4. Archived from the original on 31 Aug 2020.

[227] Believer. HBO.com. Home Box Office, Inc. 25 June 2018. Event occurs at 42:58.

[Turning_the_Hearts-228] Rector Jr., Hartman. "Turning the Hearts". Youtube.com. LDS Church. Retrieved 17 November 2016.

[Mormon_Elder_Condemns_Homosexuals-229] Associated Press (6 April 1981). "Mormon Elder Condemns Homosexuals". The Atlanta Constitution: 3B.

[sunstonemagazine.com-230] Geisner, Joseph (December 2011). "Very Careless In His Utterances: Editing, Correcting, and Censoring Conference Addresses". Sunstone Magazine (165): 14–24. Retrieved 17 November 2016.

[231] Benson, Ezra. "Great Things Required of Their Fathers". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church.

[232] Williams, Ben (12 October 2005). "This Week in Lambda History". Metro. 2 (21): 16. 4 October ... 1981 Ethyl (Randy Smith) and Friends for Gay Rights picket Temple Square during the LDS Conference after receiving permission to parade through downtown Salt Lake City.

[233] "Gay March Planned". The Salt Lake Tribune. 2 October 1981. p. D6. A local organization of Mormon Gay rights activists have received permission to parade through downtown Salt Lake City, Sunday and protest LDS Church’s policies opposing homosexuality. Albert Haines, Salt Lake chief administrative officer authorized a parade permit for a group calling itself Ethyl and Friends for Gay Rights which plans to picket Temple Square during the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints semiannual conference.

[234] "Gay Picket at Conference". The Salt Lake Tribune. 5 October 1981. p. B6. About 15 'Friends of Ethyl' braved cold temperatures to March from the Federal Building to Temple Square in protest of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints stand on homosexual rights. 'Ethyl', a drag performer whose real name is Randy Smith said ... he went through Brigham Young University’s aversion therapy program and that 'it hurt.' ... The group displaying signs reading, 'We are God’s Children', marched up state street to South Temple and then to Temple Square ....

[235] Hafen, Bruce. "The Gospel and Romantic Love". byu.edu. BYU.

[236] "KBYU Cancels Gay Documentary". Sunstone Review. 2 (9): 8. September 1982. KBYU viewers who turned on their television sets August 6 to see the last in a three-part series on homosexuality in Utah heard instead an announcement that the segment had been cancelled ... The segment contained interviews with homosexual students at BYU. ...[P]roducer of the series Kevin Mitchell told the Provo Daily Herald 'I didn't want their faces shown because if they were caught, they would be kicked out of the university.'

[237] Benson, Ezra Taft (October 1982). "Fundamentals of Enduring Family Relationships". churchofjesuschrist.org. LDS Church. Archived from the original on 5 July 2020.

[238] General Handbook of Instructions. Salt Lake City, Utah: LDS Church. 1983. p. 51.

[239] General Handbook of Instructions. Salt Lake City, Utah: LDS Church. 1983. pp. 52–53.

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[241] "Robert Michael "Mike" Painter". findagrave.com.

[242] Benson, Ezra. "Fundamentals of Enduring Family Relationships". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church.

[243] Ezra Taft, Benson (November 1983). "What Manner of Men Ought Ye To Be". churchofjesuschrist.org. LDS Church. Archived from the original on 31 Aug 2020.

[244] Warchol, Glen (29 June 1986). "Mormon poet comes to terms with AIDS nightmare". UPI. United Press International, Inc. Carol Lynn and Gerald met in 1965 as students at the church-run Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah. ... Like many Mormon men, Gerald had spent two years spreading the faith as a missionary. Later, he experimented with homosexuality but remained devout. Finally, he confessed his sexual preference to Carol Lynn. She said Gerald's local bishop had counseled him to marry a woman he loved in order to make his life right.

[245] Kristin McMurran (February 2, 1987). "Carol Lynn Pearson Pens a Moving Memoir on Her Gay Husband's Death from Aids". People. 27 (5). Retrieved 2015-07-13.

[246] Oaks, Dallin H. (7 Aug 1984). Principles to Govern Possible Public Statement on Legislation Affecting Rights of Homosexuals.

[247] Eskridge, William M. (21 September 2016). "Latter-Day Constitutionalism: Sexuality, Gender, and Mormons" (PDF). University of Illinois Law Review. 4: 1239. Archived from the original on 2 October 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2017.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

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[ldsfaq.byu.edu-251] Brown Jr., Victor. "Can the gospel of Jesus Christ help people to overcome serious problems of intimacy?". ldsfaq.byu.edu. BYU. Archived from the original on 4 January 2009.

[252] Brown Jr., Victor (1 January 1986). "Healing Problems of Intimacy by Clients' Use of Gospel-Based Values and Role Definitions". BYU Studies Quarterly. 26 (1): 7, 23–24. Recognition of inadequate treatment regimens regimes regimens may account for erroneous but widespread beliefs such as that male homosexuality is not changeable. ... Change was embedded in an accepting evaluative and loving non-erotic social milieu that provided expectations ideology and actual interpersonal experiences leading to the extinction of homosexual impulses and behaviors. ... Warren was discovering that he was not the odd man out he had believed all his life and as his gender security increased his homosexual desires decreased.

[253] Brown Jr., Victor L. "What is the Latter-day Saint position on homosexuality?". ldsfaq.byu.edu. BYU. Archived from the original on 4 January 2009.

[254] "Died Sunday of AIDS". Orlando Sentinel. 18 March 1988. After learning he had AIDS, Harward said he sought spiritual guidance. But, he said, his lay bishop told him to give up his friends and identify past sexual partners. Harward said it would have been 'unethical' to comply. 'When I need my friends most,' he said, 'they're asking me to be alone.'

[255] "AIDS Victim Excommunicated by Mormon Church Court Dies". Los Angeles Times. 19 March 1986. Retrieved 21 May 2017.

[256] Anderson, J. Seth (29 May 2017). LGBT Salt Lake: Images of Modern America. Arcadia Publishing. p. 61. ISBN 9781467125857. Retrieved 21 May 2017. When Ogden resident Clair Harward confessed to his bishop in 1985 that he was gay and dying from AIDS, the bishop excommunicated him and told him not to return to church for fear he would spread AIDS in the congregation. ... Harward passed away in March 1986 at the age of 26.

[257] "Excommunicated AIDS Victim Regrets 'Coming Out'". Walla Walla Union Bulletin: 5. 13 January 1986. Retrieved 21 May 2017.

[258] "Died Sunday of AIDS". Orlando Sentinel. 18 March 1988. Mormon Church officials excommunicated him from the religion after learning about his lifestyle. The Mormon Church views homosexuality as a sin in the same degree with adultery and premarital sex, said church spokesman Jerry Cahill.

[259] Cutler, Joyce (11 January 1986). "Mormons Oust Gay AIDS Victim". United Press International. Retrieved 21 May 2017.

[260] "Excommunicated and dying, AIDS victim regrets lifestyle". Santa Cruz Sentinel. 10 January 1986. Retrieved 21 May 2017.

[261] Burton, Theodore (3 June 1986). "Love and Marriage". byu.edu. BYU.

[262] Theodore, Burton (June 1987). "A Marriage to Last through Eternity". churchofjesuschrist.org. Ensign.

[263] Benson, Ezra. "Godly Characteristics of the Master". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church.

[264] Lindsey, Robert (30 October 1986). "Utah Now Facing Problem of AIDS: Disease Is Occurring Despite Strict Mormon Teachings About Sexual Conduct". The New York Times. p. A19.

[265] "Talking with Your Children about Moral Purity". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. Retrieved 20 November 2016.

[Brigham_Young_University-266] "Encyclopedia of Mormonism: Homosexuality". BYU HBLL Digital Collections. Brigham Young University. Retrieved 7 November 2016.

[267] "LDS Policy on Homosexuality Reaffirmed during CBS TV Interview". Deseret News: Church News: 12. 14 February 1987.

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[305] Kotraba, Kellie (22 May 2013). "Gay Mormon characters step out of the shadows". The Washington Post. Twenty years ago, a gay Mormon character stepped onstage for the first time. His name was Joe Pitt, and he was in Tony Kushner’s 'Angels in America, Part One: Millennium Approaches.' Pitt lived in New York with a good reputation and a bad marriage to a woman addicted to Valium. As colleagues dealt with the devastation and uncertainty of AIDS—it was the 1980s—he grappled with openly acknowledging his sexuality. He was Mormon. And gay. And the two didn’t mix.

[306] Butler, Isaac; Kois, Dan (18 December 2017). "Angels in America: The Complete Oral History". Slate. Twenty-five years ago this summer, Tony Kushner’s Angels in America premiered in the tiny Eureka Theatre in San Francisco’s Mission District. Within two years it had won the Pulitzer Prize and begun a New York run that would dominate the Tony Awards two years in a row, revitalize the nonmusical play on Broadway, and change the way gay lives were represented in pop culture.

[307] Pace, David (Winter 1994). "Mormon Angels in America" (PDF). Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 27 (4): 195.

[308] Kane, Rich (18 February 2018). "Gays, Mormons and 'Angels in America': The landmark play took more than 25 years to get to Provo, but now it's here ... in a shopping mall". The Salt Lake Tribune. In the second half, 'Perestroika,' there’s a scene where Joe Pitt, a closeted gay Mormon, removes his temple garments to show his lover, Louis, that he would give up his faith to be with him.

[309] Eternal Marriage Student Manual. LDS Church. 2007. p. 230. Retrieved 16 November 2016.

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[312] Packer, Boyd (5 April 1992). "Our Moral Environment". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS church.

[313] Goudarzi, Sara (16 November 2006). "Homosexual Animals Out of the Closet". Live Science. Purch. A first-ever museum display, "Against Nature?," which opened last month at the University of Oslo's Natural History Museum in Norway, presents 51 species of animals exhibiting homosexuality.'Homosexuality has been observed in more than 1,500 species, and the phenomenon has been well described for 500 of them,' said Petter Bockman, project coordinator of the exhibition.

[314] Bagemihl, Bruce (1999). Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Diversity (Stone Wall Inn ed.). New York City: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 9780312253776. Homosexual behavior occurs in more than 450 different kinds of animals worldwide, and is found in every major geographic region and every major animal group.

[315] Packer, Boyd (1992). "The Fountain of Life". Things of the Soul. Bookcraft. ISBN 0884949516.

[316] Packer, Boyd (29 March 1992). The Fountain of Life (Speech). BYU 18-Stake Fireside. Provo, Utah: LDS Church.

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[Church_Government_through_Councils-318] Benson, Ezra Taft. "Church Government through Councils". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. Retrieved 9 November 2016.

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[dnamormons-321] Lavina Fielding Anderson. "DNA Mormon: D. Michael Quinn," in Mormon Mavericks: Essays on Dissenters, edited by John Sillitoe and Susan Staker, Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 2002, pp. 329-363.

[322] Oaks, Dallin. "The Great Plan of Happiness". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. Retrieved 30 April 2017.

[323] Condie, Spencer J. "A Mighty Change of Heart". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. Retrieved 16 November 2016.

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[327] Thumma, Scott; Gray, Edward R.; Crapo, Richley H. (2004). Gay Religion: Latter-day Saint LGBT Spirituality. AltaMira Press. p. 111. ISBN 0759103267. Retrieved 20 May 2017.

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[330] Eldridge, Erin (1 May 1994). Born That Way?: A True Story of Overcoming Same-Sex Attraction With Insights for Friends, Families, and Leaders. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book. ISBN 0875798357.

[331] Walker, Joseph (8 December 2012). "Woman who had lived lesbian lifestyle brings hope to Mormons with same-sex attraction through LDS Church's new website". Deseret News.

[332] Scott, Richard. "Making the Right Choices". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. See reference 9 of the article.

[333] Wirthlin, Joseph. "Deep Roots". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church.

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[337] "Wheatley Institution". byu.edu. Brigham Young University. Professor Judd is currently a professor of Ancient Scripture at Brigham Young University (1994-present) where he has served as a department chair ....

[338] Judd, Daniel (7 Jan 1995). "The Savior has power to heal broken hearts, deliver from infirmities". LDS Church News. Deseret News Publishing Company. LDS Church. "[T]he gospel of Christ has power to change those who appear unchangeable. For several years I worked with an individual who was trying to overcome his problems related to homosexuality. Not long ago we were having a conversation about the origins of his problems and he said to me, 'I do not fully understand the arguments of those who say, 'I was born this way,' but what I do know is that I have been born again' and 'have no more disposition to do evil, but to do good continually.' This individual isn't simply 'coping' with his problems, but is truly free. He has come to know the truth and the truth has set him free.

[339] "Church opposes same-sex marriages". LDS Church News. Deseret News Publishing Company. LDS Church. 4 March 1995.

[340] Semerad, Tony (9 June 1996). "A Mormon Crusade In Hawaii Hawaii: Church Aims to End Gay Union". Salt Lake Tribune: B1. Retired Salt Lake City advertising executive Arthur Anderson was enlisted into the fight last November with a phone call from Mormon Elder Loren C. Dunn, president of the church's North America West Area. At Dunn's behest, Anderson and his wife embarked on months of volunteer work in Honolulu, mostly answering phones for Hawaii's Future Today, a group set up to lobby against legislative attempts at legalizing gay wedlock, gambling and prostitution. ... According to a statement from the Mormon Church's Salt Lake City headquarters, church members such as Anderson are responding to a plea by the ruling First Presidency to get involved as citizens. ... "The Church is indeed, politically neutral when it comes to parties and candidates and most issues," said the LDS statement. "However, when a political issue has moral overtones, the Church has not only the right but the responsibility to speak out and become involved." ... Pamphlets circulated at select Mormon Church meetings throughout the Pacific islands, urging members to support anti-gay marriage legislation pending in the Hawaii Legislature. Key statements were faxed to legislative committees, from LDS Church facilities.

[Moneys-341] Moore, Carrie A. (8 November 2000). "Church backing helps measures in 2 states". Deseret News. LDS Church.

[Money-342] Henetz, Patty (26 October 1998). "LDS Cash Carries Gay-Marriage Fight; Mormon Church has spent $1.1 million on ballot battles in Hawaii and Alaska; LDS Church In the Thick of Gay-Marriage Fight". The Salt Lake Tribune: A1. The church gave $600,000 to the political-action group Save Traditional Marriage '98 between Sept. 12 and Oct. 24 ... The church has also given $500,000 to a similar effort in Alaska, or 500 percent more than either side in that state's campaign had previously raised. The $1.1 million in church donations to political causes seems to be unprecedented.

[343] Scott, Richard (April 1995). "Finding Forgiveness". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. [H]omosexual acts, and other deviations approaching these in gravity are not acceptable alternate lifestyles. They are serious sins. ... Such grave sins require deep repentance to be forgiven. President Kimball taught: 'To every forgiveness there is a condition. The plaster must be as wide as the sore. The fasting, the prayers, the humility must be equal to or greater than the sin. It is unthinkable that God absolves serious sins upon a few requests. He is likely to wait until there has been long, sustained repentance.'

[344] Believer. HBO.com. Home Box Office, Inc. 25 June 2018. Event occurs at 43:07.

[345] Faust, James E. "Serving the Lord and Resisting the Devil". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. Retrieved 16 November 2016.

[ReferenceA-346] "Faiths File Amicus Brief on Marriage Cases Before Tenth Circuit Court". Mormon Newsroom. LDS Church. Retrieved 23 November 2016.

[347] "The Family: A Proclamation to the World". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. Retrieved 23 November 2016.

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[349] Woolsey, Durrel. "A Strategy for War". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS church.

[oaks95-350] Oaks, Dallin H. (October 1995), "Same-Gender Attraction", Ensign, retrieved August 17, 2011

[351] Oaks, Dallin. "Same-Gender Attraction". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. Retrieved 15 November 2016.

[352] "Quinn and Controversial Book Come "Out"" (PDF). Sunstone: 73–74. December 1996. Retrieved 2 October 2017.

[353] O'Hara, Mary Emily (11 May 2015). "How Utah's Schools Went From Homophobic War Zones to Crowning a Trans Prom Queen". The Daily Beast. The Daily Beast Company LLC. In 1995, Erin Wiser was a 16-year-old student at East High School. Wiser, who today is a transgender man living in Portland but identified as a lesbian in high school, wanted to start a club for gay students along with his then-girlfriend Kelli Peterson. The two had attended a lecture at the local Pride center and were inspired after seeing Candace Gingrich speak. With the help of a supportive teacher, Wiser and Peterson formally applied for an East High School Gay-Straight Alliance club that September. In response, the Salt Lake City school district voted in February 1996 to ban all extracurricular student clubs—becoming the only city in the country to do so. ... Gay rights scared people. But how could anyone hate a couple of sweet-faced Mormon girls from Utah who just wanted to carve out a place to belong in high school?

[354] Brooke, James (28 February 1996). "To Be Young, Gay and Going to High School in Utah". The New York Times. p. B8. For Kelli Peterson, a 17-year-old senior at East High School here, ... her primary concern was intensely personal—easing the loneliness she felt as a gay student. ... 'I came out that year, and immediately lost all my friends. I watched the same cycle of denial, trying to hide, acceptance, then your friends abandoning you.' So last fall, she and two other gay students formed an extracurricular club called the Gay/Straight Alliance. ... Ms. Peterson, who is herself Mormon, says she is taking steps to formally leave the church.

[355] Moulton, Kristen (24 February 1996). "Salt Lake City Students Walk Out In Protest Over School Clubs Ban 'Separate Church And State,' Some Demonstrators Demand". The Spokesman-Review. The Associated Press.

[356] "Dispute began at East High in 1995". Deseret News. LDS church. 20 March 1998. Feb. 23, 1996: East and West students walk out of school in protest. West students march on the Capitol; en route, a 16-year-old girl is pinned under a car and seriously injured. Students ask school officials to reconsider action.

[357] Brooke, James (28 February 1996). "To Be Young, Gay and Going to High School in Utah". The New York Times. p. B8.

[358] Collins, Lois M. (8 August 1997). "Panelists say church, state separate in Utah". Deseret News. LDS church. Grant Protzman, former state representative, LDS Church member and Democrat, described LDS Church efforts to affect policy as 'measured' and 'very limited.' The church does make a public statement on what it sees as key moral issues. And it does ask questions, which may 'seem like a red flag' to some lawmakers. But the dialogue is good, Protzman said. What some perceive as church control of the state could be chalked up to social norms, Protzman said. Because so many people in the state are LDS Church members, there's a strong sense of shared values and that does influence public policy. And Protzman acknowledged that much has been said in the name of the church by those who present 'an individual's private interpretation of doctrine applied to public policy.'

[359] Dockstader, Julie A. (20 June 1992). "Serving the community". Church News. LDS church. Grant Protzman, Young Men president of the Ben Lomond Stake, said it was hard work in a hot sun.

[360] "Gay club controversy turns into federal funding row". The Times News. Knight-Ridder Tribune News Service. 24 February 1996. p. A1–A2.

[361] Florio, Gwen (23 February 1996). "In Utah, School Clubs Banned to Stop Gay Meeting". The Philadelphia Inquirer – via Newspapers.com. But some Utah residents were aghast when they found out in the last few weeks that the law also applied to groups such as the Gay/Straight Alliance. 'I think that many legislators have serious concerns about the group's moving into recruitment of fresh meat for the gay population," said Grant Protzman, minority whip for the state House of Representatives. See also this clipping.

[362] Florio, Gwen (23 February 1996). "In Utah, School Clubs Banned to Stop Gay Meeting". The Philadelphia Inquirer – via Newspapers.com. That's not at all what the club is about, protested Kelli Peterson, the 17-year-old East High School senior who founded the alliance to help her and her friends deal with a school atmosphere she found 'horrifying on the best days. ... I was getting beat up and harassed verbally.' See also this clipping.

[363] Sahagun, Louis (22 February 1996). "Utah Board Bans All School Clubs in Anti-Gay Move". Los Angeles Times. 'Going to high school when you are gay or lesbian is a miserable, lonely experience,' said 17-year-old Kelli Peterson, who founded the club at East High School in December. 'I know, I've been beat up twice.'

[364] Broberg, Susan (1 March 1999). "Gay/Straight Alliances and Other Controversial Student Groups: A New Test for the Equal Access Act". Brigham Young University Education and Law Journal. 1999 (1): 99, 105.

[365] "Students Protest Gay Club Ban". Florida Today. Associated Press. 24 February 1996. p. A4.

[366] Florio, Gwen (25 February 1996). "School-Club Access Law Comes Back to Haunt". Tallahassee Democrat. p. 7A. A group called SAFE—Students Against Faggots Everywhere—has since formed at West High School, one of three schools that will be affected by the new ban ....

[367] "Gay Professor Leaves BYU for Position at WSU". Deseret News. LDS Church. Associated Press. 18 August 1996.

[368] Haddock, Sharon M. (10 October 1995). "Homosexual Professor Planning to Leave BYU". Deseret News. LDS Church.

[Lord-369] Waterman, Bryan; Kagel, Brian (1998). The Lord's University: Freedom and Authority at BYU. Signature books. ISBN 1-56085-117-1.

[370] "Gay Professor Leaves University" (PDF). Sunstone Magazine: 74. December 1996.

[371] Smart, Michael (22 March 1997). "BYU Student Poll: Ban Gay Students". The Salt Lake Tribune. ProQuest 288698514.

[Women-372] Vance, Laura (2015-03-13). Women in New Religions. New York City, NY: New York University Press. ISBN 978-1479816026. Retrieved 19 June 2017.

[Crossroads-373] Williams, Alan Michael (Spring 2011). "Mormon and Queer at the Crossroads" (PDF). Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 44 (1). Retrieved 19 June 2017.

[374] Anonymous. "Becoming Whole Again". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. Retrieved 11 November 2016.

[Universe_Timeline-375] Olsen, Jessica (20 January 2017). "Timeline". BYU. The Daily Universe. Retrieved 9 February 2017.

[376] "Disintegration of the family decried". LDS Church News. Deseret News Publishing Company. LDS Church. 29 March 1997.

[377] Lattin, Don (13 Apr 1997). "Musings of the Main Mormon / Gordon B. Hinckley". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 27 November 2016.

[378] "Death of a Gay Activist". The Times News. Kinght-Ridder Tribune News Service. 9 November 1997. p. B8. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints accepts gays on one condition: that they renounce their sexual orientation. "Everything we do in the church is to offer them the help, the support, and the structure that will point them to happiness and joy," said Elder Jay E. Jensen who took part in a "healing" workshop here in September designed to help gays and lesbians become straight.

[379] "Popular Speakers and Presenters at Evergreen conferences, Firesides, and Workshops". evergreeninternational.org. Evergreen International. Archived from the original on 24 July 2012. Retrieved 1 April 2017. Elder Jay E. Jensen of the First Quorum of the Seventy ... speaker at the 7th Annual Evergreen conference, September 12–13, 1997.

[380] Church Handbook of Instructions. Salt Lake City, Utah: LDS Church. 1998. p. 81.

[381] Church Handbook of Instructions. Salt Lake City, Utah: LDS Church. 1998. p. 159.

[382] Moore, Carrie A. (4 October 1998). "LDS Church joins gay-marriage fight". Deseret News. LDS Church.

[383] Mims, Bob (5 October 1998). "Church Funds Initiative to Ban Same-Sex Marriages in Alaska". The Salt Lake Tribune. We have 24,000 members of the church based in Alaska. It's a matter that members of the church in Alaska and people who share their views about the importance of traditional marriage as an institution feel strongly about. ... The church has always reserved the right to speak out on moral issues.... You don't become disenfranchised in our democratic process just because you happen to represent a religious viewpoint. - Church Spokesperson, Michael Otterson

[384] Hinckley, Gordon B. (4 October 1998). "What Are People Asking about Us?". Ensign. Retrieved 16 November 2016.

[385] Thernstrom, Melanie (1999). "The Crucifixion of Matthew Shepard". Vanity Fair. He [Russell Henderson] was raised by his strict Mormon grandparents and became an honor student and a member of Future Farmers of America. He completed the requirements for the rank of Eagle Scout by cleaning a local cemetery, and had his picture taken with the governor and printed in the 'Boomerang.'

[386] Moore, John (1 October 2009). "Murderer: 'Matt Shepard needed killing'". The Denver Post. Digital First Media.

[387] Thernstrom, Melanie (1999). "The Crucifixion of Matthew Shepard". Vanity Fair. Most of the churches in Laramie participated in the vigils and memorial services for Matthew; even traditionally anti-homosexuality sects, like Mormons, included prayers for Matthew’s family in their services.

[388] Wood, Benjamin (31 March 2016). "LDS Church leader, a figure in Matthew Shepard story, talks to Utah teens about hate". The Salt Lake Tribune. Stacey told the Draper students about navigating a media storm, arranging a call between President Bill Clinton and the Shepard family, and the angry and offensive letters he received after the news conference when Shepard's death was confirmed. He recalled one letter, in which he was called a 'sniveling swine' and asked whether he also cried when 'normal' people died or just when gay patients did. 'There are people out there who hate people without knowing them,' he said. 'It was frightening for me to see that.'

[389] Lincoln, Ivan M. (15 July 2001). "'Project' retells impact of Laramie gay murder". Deseret News. LDS church.

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[392] "Proposition 22 Dominates Wards' Attention, Divides Members" (PDF). Sunstone Magazine (118): 92. April 2001. Retrieved 1 December 2016.

[393] Byrd, A. Dean. "When a Loved One Struggles with Same-Sex Attraction". ChurchofJesusChrist.org. LDS Church. Retrieved 16 November 2016.

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[395] "Scenes and Sayings from World Congress of Families II". byu.edu. BYU. Kathryn Balmforth, J.D., Director, World Family Policy Center

[396] "1999 World Family Policy Center Forum". law.byu.edu. BYU. Kathryn Balmforth, executive director, World Family Policy Center

[397] Balmforth, Kathryn. "Hijacking Human Rights". Howard Center for Family, Religion and Society. Archived from the original on 13 February 2016. The radical feminists, population control ideologues, and homosexual rights activists who make up the anti-family movement know as well as we do that they speak for only a small minority of the world’s people. ... Therefore, homosexual rights activists are again bypassing the democratic process and going from court to court, hoping to find a judge who will take it upon himself to create a 'right' to 'gay marriage,' which can then be forced on the citizens of the United States. ... The anti-family faction has targeted the human rights system because it is a direct path to power. The power they seek is the power to curtail the freedom of most of humanity and to do it, ironically, in the name of 'human rights.'

[398] Vanderhooft, JoSelle (16 September 2010). "Allies Honored at Equality Utah Dinner". QSaltLake Magazine. 'Education is one of our major goals, and to just try to get the parents and siblings to love their gay child and keep their gay child under their wing, not kick them out of the house like happens so many times with gay children,' said Millie Watts in an interview with KUED for Friends and Neighbors: A Community Divided, a 1999 documentary about the families and friends of gay and lesbian Utahns.

[399] "Friends and Neighbors: A Community Divided". kued.org. Public Broadcasting Service. Archived from the original on 11 February 2002.

[400] "An Interview with Gary & Millie Watts". ldsfamilyfellowship.org. LDS Family Fellowship. 29 November 1999.

[401] "David Pruden". kued.org. Public Broadcasting Service. Archived from the original on 12 March 2002.

[402] "Index of Interviews". kued.org. Public Broadcasting Service. Archived from the original on 26 February 2002.

[403] "Friends and Neighbors: A Community Divided Script". kued.org. Public Broadcasting Service. Archived from the original on 25 July 2001.

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