United States military beret flash

In the United States (US) armed forces of today, a beret flash is a shield-shaped embroidered cloth or large polished metallic insignia that is usually attached to a stiffener backing of a military beret. The attached beret flash is worn over the left eye of the wearer with the excess cloth of the beret shaped, folded, and pulled over the right ear giving it a distinctive appearance.[1][2] The embroidered designs of the Army's beret flashes represent the distinctive heraldic colors and patterns of units with unique missions or represent the Army overall while the Air Force's represent their Air Force Specialty Code (AFSC) or their assignment to a unit with a unique mission.[2][3] Joint beret flashes, such as the United Nations Beret Flash—attached to the United Nations Peacekeepers ligh-blue beret—the Multinational Force and Observers Beret Flash—attached to a terracotta-colored beret—and the Joint Communications Support Element Beret Flash—attached to a maroon beret—are worn by all or most of the US armed forces while assigned to a specific joint units.[4][5][6]

How beret flashes are worn in the US military
US Army NCOs from various special forces groups as denoted by the different beret flashes behind the 1st Special Forces Command DUI
A US Army officer wearing 75th Ranger Regiment Beret Flash with rank insignia
A US Air Force NCO wearing Pararescue Beret Flash
A US Air Force officer (L) wearing Special Tactics Officer Beret Flash with miniature rank insignia below next to a US Air Force NCO (R) wearing TACP Beret Flash and Crest
US Air Force NCOs and officers wearing CAA Beret Flash with attached rank insignia for officers
A US Army officer wearing United Nations Beret Flash
A Canadian Army officer standing next to a US Army NCO wearing different variants of the Multinational Force and Observers Beret Flash, one metal (L) and one cloth (R)

With the exception of joint beret flashes and some one-off wear requirements, Army soldiers and Non-Commissioned Officers (NCOs) attach their Distinctive Unit Insignia (DUI) to the beret flash.[1] Army warrant officers and commissioned officers attach their polished metal rank insignia to their beret flash while chaplains attach their polished metal branch insignia.[1] Air Force commissioned officers in the Security Forces or assigned to a Combat Aviation Advisor (CAA) squadron (SQN) wear their beret flash in the same manner as the Army.[2][7] Other Air Force commissioned officers in the Tactical Air Control Party (TACP) AFSC and those authorized large metallic beret flashes attach a miniature version of their polished metal rank insignia below their beret flash or crest.[2] Air Force airman and NCOs only wear their large metallic beret flash, cloth beret flash, or cloth beret flash with crest on AFSC or unit specific berets.[2][7]

US Department of Defense beret flash history

Department of the Army

Throughout its history, Army soldiers and their units have adopted different headgear and headgear devices—such as color accoutrements, insignias, and flashes—signifying special capabilities and unique roles of soldiers and their units.[9][10] An example of this tradition started in World War II with the adoption of airborne insignias which were authorized for wear by military parachutists and glider-born forces on specific assignments and by those assigned to airborne units.[11][12] The airborne insignias were worn on the left-side front (for enlisted and NCOs) or right-side front (for officers) of the former Army service uniform's service cap.[11][12] Different variants of airborne insignias were worn until later in World War II when parachute and glider formations combined their unit-specific insignias into one red, white, and blue Airborne Insignia.[13] Although airborne units began to wear the maroon beret as their official headgear in the 1980s, the service cap with Airborne Insignia continued to be authorized for wear until the black beret became the standard Army headgear in 2000.[12][14][15]

Other examples of this tradition can be seen with the adoption of organizational beret flashes worn to signify a specific formation of a specialized unit, such as a combat advisor, airborne, ranger, or special forces unit.[3][9][15] It is not clear when organizational beret flashes began to be used by the Army. However, historical Army films and photographs suggest the modern–day organizational beret flash may have been introduced in late 1961, around the time the green beret was officially authorized for wear by members of the Army's special forces.[16][17][18][19][20][21] Prior to that time, the green beret was worn informally by those assigned to special forces units who used their Parachutist Badge as their beret flash. The Parachutist Badge was worn high on the beret positioned either over the left eye or left temple and officers would wear their polished metal rank insignia below their badge.[16] As these special forces units began to adopt their organizational beret flashes, they also adopted rules as to who in their unit would be allowed to wear them.[22] For example, only special operations qualified paratroopers were authorized to wear their special forces unit's organizational beret flash while none-qualified soldiers wore a cloth recognition bar, color and pattern matched to their unit's organizational beret flash, below their DUI or officer rank insignia.[10][22][23]

Basic Parachutist Badge
Senior Parachutist Badge
Part of a special forces detachment with the 8231st Army Unit, US Army Forces, Far East[24][25] wearing green berets with their Parachutist Badge attached—note the two officers (upper-right) wearing their rank insignia below their badge—c.1956[16]
11th Special Forces Group Beret Flash—note similarities with the recognition bar depicted below
11th Special Forces Group Recognition Bar
A medical corps paratrooper with the 11th Special Forces Group wearing green beret with 1st Special Forces DUI above his unit's recognition bar, c.1967[26]
Paratroopers from the 82nd Airborne Div's 3rd BDE, 1st BN, 508th Infantry stand in review for the Commander–in–Chief, Swedish Army wearing their new maroon berets with BN specific organizational beret flash, 1975[27]

Other beret accouterments began to appear in the 1960s and 70s, particularly between 1973 and 1979 when the Department of the Army's (DA) morale-enhancing order was in effect and various colored berets began to be worn my numerous units and branches of the Army.[20][21][28] Historical photographs from the 1960s through the 1970s show soldiers assigned to Long-Range Reconnaissance and Patrol units wearing black berets with a wide variety of patches, tabs, and devices that were used as their beret flash (see Example 1).[28] Also during this time-period, some paratroopers and rangers assigned to certain training units would wear their Airborne Tab or Ranger Tab on a black beret above their DUI, Parachutist Badge, or rank insignia (see Example 2).[28][29] In 1975, the Army authorized its ranger units to wear the black beret with some of these units continuing to attach their Ranger Tab to their beret by sewing it on top of their new organization beret flash.[28][30] In 1973, Army leaders authorized the wear of the maroon beret by airborne units.[28] Historical photographs of these paratroopers in the 1970s show them wearing their Parachutist Badge on their maroon beret, just as members of special forces had done on their green berets in the 1950s, but with their unit's background trimming—which made their debut in World War II[31]—and officer or NCO polished metal rank insignia below it (see Example 3).[3][16][28][32] Paratroopers of the 82nd Airborne Division (Div) wore their maroon berets differently with historical photographs from 1973 through 1977 showing 82nd Airborne Div paratroopers attaching their DUIs and eventually adding traditionally styled regiment (RGT) and/or battalion (BN) specific organizational beret flashes—pattered after their unit's background trimming—and worn in the same manner as they are today.[1][27][33][34] Similarly, in 1974 Army leaders authorized the 101st Airborne Div to wear the dark-blue beret[8][28]—the same year the unit was redesignated as an air assault division.[35] Army articles and historical photographs of 101st soldiers show them wearing the same traditionally styled organizational beret flashes as the 82nd—also patterned after their unit's background trimming—but with enlisted attaching their DUI and NCO and officers attaching their polished metal rank insignia. Between 1976 and 1977, 101st soldiers would add their Airmobile Badge—renamed Air Assault Badge in 1978[36]—to their berets and wore them to the left of the wearer's beret flash (see Example 4).[8][28][37] Additionally, US Army armored cavalry RGTs stationed in West Germany began wearing locally authorized black berets in the 1970s with a cloth maroon and white elongated oval as their beret flash.[20][21][28] These armored cavalry unit soldiers wore the oval vertically behind their DUI, to the left of the wearer's metal rank insignia (enlisted, NCOs, and officers alike), and positioned over their left temple (see Example 5).[20][21][28][38] Also during the 1970s, arctic-qualified soldiers of the 172nd Infantry Brigade (BDE) began to wear locally authorized olive-drab berets with traditionally styled organizational beret flashes that were hand-made, unique to each BN, and were worn in the same manner as they are today (see Example 6).[1][21][28] The aforementioned Army articles and historical photographs also describe and show the use of unique Army branch specific berets that were worn by some soldiers in the 1970s which were dyed to match the heraldic colors of their branch.[20][21] Enlisted soldiers attached their regimental insignia while officers attached their polished metal rank insignia on these branch-specific berets for used as their beret flash.[20][21][28] By 1979, the Army put a stop to the use of berets by conventional forces, leaving only special forces and ranger units the authority to wear berets.[20][21][28]

Example 1
Recon Platoon, 2nd Bn, 8th Cavalry RGT Beret Flash
An infantry soldier with 1st Cavalry Div, 2nd Bn, 8th Cavalry's Recon Platoon wearing black beret with unit beret flash, 1970[28]
Example 2
Ranger Tab
An infantry officer with the US Army Infantry School's Ranger Department wearing black beret with his Ranger Tab above his rank insignia, 1971[29]
Example 3
An infantry officer with the US Army Infantry School's Airborne Department wearing maroon beret with his Parachutist Badge and what is believed to be the Airborne Department Background Trimming above his rank insignia, c.1973[28]
Example 4
326th Engineer BN Background Trimming—note similarities with the beret flash pictured below
An engineer officer with the 101st Airborne Div wearing dark-blue beret with 326th Engineer BN Beret Flash, rank insignia, and Airmobile Badge, 1977[28]
Example 5
Armored Cavalry Oval
An artillery NCO with the 11th Armored Cavalry RGT wearing black beret with his rank insignia next to Armored Cavalry Oval with unit DUI, c.1970s[28]
Example 6
1st BN, 60th Infantry RGT Beret Flash
An infantry soldier with the 172nd Infantry BDE wearing olive-drab beret with 1st BN, 60th Infantry RGT Beret Flash and DUI, c.1970s[28]

In 1980, the Army reversed part of its decision allowing airborne units to wear maroon berets, ranger units black berets—which switched to tan berets in 2001[21]—and special forces units green berets.[20][21][39] The Army's 1981 uniform regulation describes the wear of these newly approved berets with the only authorized accoutrements being officer rank insignias, DUIs, organizational beret flashes, and recognition bars.[10][40] The organizational beret flash did not become the norm until 1984 when the recognition bar was discontinued after the Special Forces Tab became authorized for wear by special forces qualified paratroopers and all members assigned to a special forces unit, regardless of their qualifications, began to wear their unit's organizational beret flash.[22]

A soldier from 1st SFAB wearing brown beret with unit DUI and TIOH's first authorized organizational beret flash for a non-airborne unit in the modern Army, 2018[41][42][43]
A soldier from the 2nd Infantry Div's 1st BDE wearing black beret with DA Beret Flash and 23rd Infantry RGT DUI at Fort Lewis's Army beret downing ceremony, c.2000[44]

In 2000, General Eric Shinseki, Chief of Staff of the Army, decided to make the black beret the standard headgear of the Army; General Shinseki also decided that a new DA Beret Flash will be worn by all units that do not have an organizational beret flash.[1][21][45][46] Army units can request an organizational beret flash for their formation—as was authorized for the Army's new Security Force Assistance Command (SFAC) and its BDEs (a.k.a. SFABs)—given it is not for wear on the black beret.[3][41][42][47][48][49][50][51][52][53] According to Pam Reece of The US Army Institute of Heraldry (TIOH), the DA Beret Flash "is designed to closely replicate the colors of the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army at the time of its victory at Yorktown."[21][54]

The design of each unit's organizational beret flash was created and/or approved by TIOH.[45] TIOH based their original organizational beret flash designs after a unit's existing background trimming.[3] For newer units authorized an organizational beret flash, TIOH will research the requesting unit's heraldry leveraging geometrical divisions, shapes, and colors to represent the history and mission of the unit in the creation of a design.[55][41] Once the requesting unit agrees upon a design, TIOH creates manufacturing instructions and conducts quality control for companies authorized to produce the organizational beret flash.[55][56][57]

Department of the Air Force

A law enforcement specialist from George Air Force Base wearing navy-blue beret with the Tactical Air CMD Shield as her beret flash, 1990[58]
A security policeman with the 1041st Security Police SQN wearing the unit's distinctive dark-blue beret and beret flash, c.1968[59]

In 1957, the Strategic Air Command (CMD) Elite Guard was the first Air Force unit authorized to wear berets. The first beret flash worn on the unit's navy-blue beret was a metal full-color replica of the Strategic Air CMD Shield.[60][61] In 1966/67, the newly formed 1041st Security Police SQN was authorized to wear a different shade of dark-blue beret and used a depiction of a falcon carrying a pair of lightning bolts on a light-blue cloth patch as their beret flash.[62][59][63] In 1976, the Air Force approved the navy-blue beret, worn by Strategic Air CMD's Elite Guard and Air Force Combat Control Teams, as the official uniform item for all Air Force police and security forces.[62][64] The beret flash used on these berets was a metal full-color replica of the airman's major CMD shield.[65][58] In 1997, the Air Force stood up the security forces AFSC and honored the heraldry of the 1041st Security Police SQN by creating a new cloth beret flash for all security forces airman and NCOs that depict the 1041st's falcon over an airfield with the motto "Defensor Fortis" (defenders of the force) embroidered on a scroll at its base.[2][62] Security forces officers wear the same basic beret flash minus the embroidered falcon and airfield and in its place attach their polished metal rank insignia.[2]

Historical photographs from 1964 through the 1970s show combat controllers wearing navy–blue berets.[66][67] Initial wear of these berets followed the trend of special forces units whereby combat controller's wore their Parachutist Badge over their left eye acting as their beret flash with officers wearing their polished metal rank insignia below their badge; yet other combat controllers wore these berets with their Parachutists Badge and polished metal rank insignia (enlisted, NCO, and officer alike) over their right temple with the excess of the beret's material pulled over the left hear.[16][66][67] The navy-blue beret was officially approved for wear by combat controllers in 1973.[68] In 1978 they received authorization to wear scarlet berets with a large metallic Combat Control Beret Flash, created by retired combat controllers Jack Hughes and Gene Adcock.[64][69] The combat controllers first beret flash was an unpolished metal circular disc surrounded by a wreath with a scroll at its base with the embossed words "Combat Control Team" and a lightning built diagonally splitting the center of the disc with a compass rose on the bottom-right half and a parachute on the upper-left half toped with the embossed phrase "First There."[69][70] The new scarlet beret and beret flash were worn in the same manner as it is today with the flash centered over the left eye and the excess cloth of the beret pulled over the right ear.[2][64][71] In 1984 the shape of the Combat Control Beret Flash was modified with some of its elements rearranged, a gridded globe added to its center, and the scroll changed to read "U.S.A.F. Combat Control; this new polished metal version is what the Combat Controllers wear today.[69][72] Special tactics officers also wear the scarlet beret and wear their miniature polished metal rank insignia just below a visually similar beret flash to the combat controllers but contains different symbols and phrases representing the different AFSCs they oversee and support: a compass rose for combat control, a guardian angel protecting the Earth for pararescue, a dagger with crossed lightning bolts for special reconnaissance, and a falcon for security forces all depicted in-front of a gridded globe flanked by wreaths with a scroll at its base with the phrases "USAF Special Tactics" and "Mal Ad Os" (bad to the bone) as well as a banner atop of the flash that contains the phrases "First There" and "That Others May Live."[2][73][74]

A Combat Control NCO with the 7th Aerial Port SQN wearing navy-blue beret with his Senior Parachutist Badge and rank insignia, 1964[66]
Original Combat Control Beret Flash, 1983[70]
Current Combat Control Beret Flash

In 1966, Air Force pararescuemen, also known as a Pararescue Jumper (PJ), were authorized to wear the maroon beret and a large metallic Pararescue Beret Flash.[68][75] The color of the beret (maroon) was chosen to symbolize the sacrifice required of PJs and its initial wear followed the trend of the time whereby PJs used their Parachutist Badge as their beret flash due to perceived gaps in production and distribution of the Pararescue Beret Flash.[16][75][68][76] The Pararescue Beret Flash was derived from the Air Rescue Service shield—which was designed by TSgt Bill Steffens (Retired)[77]—and consists of a guardian angel wrapping its arms around the Earth, which symbolizes the mission of the PJ, surrounded by a parachute mounted on a banner that has the phrase, "That others may live," embossed on it, the PJ creed.[78] Combat rescue officers wear a modified version of the Pararescue Beret Flash with the word "Pararescue" replace with "Combat Rescue Officer" and is worn just above their miniature polished metal rank insignia on the same maroon beret as the PJs.[2][74]

A PJ with 37th Aerospace Rescue and Recovery SQN wearing maroon beret with his Parachutist Badge, 1967[75]
Original Air Rescue Service Shield
Original Pararescue Beret Flash (oxidized)
Current Pararescue Beret Flash (polished)
5th Weather SQN Emblem
5th Weather SQN Beret Flash

In the mid 1960s, Air Force commando weathermen,[79] formally known as weather parachutists, with Detachment 26 of the 30th Weather SQN and Detachment 32 of the 5th Weather SQN informally wore black berets.[80] The beret flash worn on these berets was a black cloth rectangle with a depiction of a yellow embroidered anemometer surmounted by a fleur-de-lis with the words “Combat Weather” split by the anemometer.[80] In 1963, weather parachutists from Detachment 75 of the 2nd Weather Group wore gray berets and like the PJs and combat controllers of the era used their Parachutist Badge as their beret flash and worn their polished metal rank insignia (enlisted, NCO, and officer alike) just below their badge.[67][75][80] From 1970 through the 1980s, weather parachutists with the 5th Weather SQN wore maroon berets with an Army style beret flash that incorporated the SQN's colors from their emblem's alchemical symbol for water—the green, blue, and red colors representing Earth, air, and fire respectively—and wore their Parachutist Badge attached to the flash.[41][80] In 1979, weather parachutists, now called Special Operations Weather Teams (SOWTs), were authorized to wear navy-blue berets with an Army style beret flash consisting of a blue and black field surrounded by yellow piping.[41][80] Enlisted and NCOs wore their Parachutist Badge attached to the flash while officers wore their polished metal rank insignia.[80] In 1986, the gray beret was authorized for wear by all SOWTs who continued to wear the aforementioned cloth beret flash until a new large color metallic SOWT Beret Flash was authorized.[80] This large metallic beret flash used the same color field as the previous cloth beret flash but had a parachute with the letters "USAF," a dagger, and crossed lightning bolts centered on the field with a scroll at the bottom embossed with the words “Air Weather Service;” this metal beret flash was surrounded by a gilded band embossed with the words “Special Operations Weather Team."[80] In 1992, the Air Force approved the return of the SOWT's blue, black, and yellow cloth beret flash from the 70s and used their color metallic SOWT Beret Flash from the 80's as their beret crest (i.e. it was placed on top of the cloth beret flash).[80] In 1996, the SOWTs assigned to the US Air Force Special Operations CMD (AFSOC) wore a new Army style beret flash while those assigned to Air Combat CMD, known as Combat Weather Teams (CWTs), continued to wear the original blue, black and yellow beret flash.[41][80][81] The AFSOC SOWT Beret Flash consisted of a red border representing the blood shed by their predecessors, a black background represented special operations, and three diagonal lines of various colors representing the services they supported (green=Army, purple=joint forces, and blue=Air Force).[80] Enlisted and NCOs wore their Parachutist Badge on top of the AFSOC SOWT Beret Flash while officers wore their polished metal rank insignia until 2002 when the Combat Weather Team Crest was created.[80] The Combat Weather Team Crest incorporated the center elements of the 1986 metallic SOWT Beret Flash/Crest—specifically the parachute, crossed lightning bolts, and dagger—with arched banners embossed with "Combat Weather Team" above, "Airborne" below, and "USAF" in a center rectangular banner.[80] The Combat Weather Team Crest was worn attached on both SOWT and CWT Beret Flashes by enlisted and NCOs while officers continued to wear their polished metal rank insignia.[80][82][83] In 2007/2008, the AFSOC SOWT Beret Flash stopped being worn and the Combat Weather Team Crest became the de facto beret flash for these units.[80][82][84] In 2009—when the Special Operations Weather AFSC was established—a new large polished metallic Special Operations Weather Beret Flash was approved for wear by all SOWTs and CWTs (enlisted, NCOs, and officers alike) but took an additional year to create and was worn in the same manner as the modern-day Combat Control and Pararescue Beret Flashes.[2][80][84][85] In 2019, SOWTs were re-designated special reconnaissance so the name embossed on the Special Operations Weather Beret Flash was changed to "SPECIAL U.S.A.F. RECON" and the fleur-de-lis was removed, otherwise this last variant of the SOWT's beret flash remains the same.[86][87]

Weather parachutist beret flashes from the 1960s through 2018[80][86]
1960s Commando Weatherman Beret Flash
1970–1980s 5th Weather SQN Beret Flash
1979–1986/1992–1996 SOWT and 1996–2010 CWT Beret Flash
1986–1991 SOWT Beret Flash
1996–2008 AFSOC SOWT Beret Flash
2008–2010 SOWT Beret Flash
2010–2018 Special Operations Weather Beret Flash
Variations in wear of the Combat Weather Team Crest between 2002–2010
A weather parachutist NCO with the Army's 82nd Airborne Div wearing the CWT Beret Flash with Combat Weather Team Crest, 2007[88]
A weather parachutist with the 107th Weather Flight wearing SOWT Beret Flash with Combat Weather Team Crest, 2008[82]
A weather parachutist with the 320th Special Tactics SQN wearing Combat Weather Team Crest as beret flash, 2010[89]

In 1979, TACP's were given authorization to wear the black beret. In 1984, two TACP's submitted a design for a unique beret flash and crest for wear on their berets.[20] The Air Force approved the TACPs' flash and crest design in 1985.[20] The TACP Beret Flash—which followed the basic design language of Army beret flashes[41]—incorporates red borders that represent the firepower TACP's bring to bear with two dovetailed fields of blue and green represent the close working relationship between the Air Force and the Army that is enabled by the TACP.[90] The TACP Crest incorporates am arched banner at its top embossed with "U.S. Air Force" held up by erect–wings which symbolize the combat readiness of the TACP, at its center is a sword symbolizes the firepower controlled by the TACP, a lightning bolt representing modern–day communications used by the TACP, an eight-point star symbolizes the worldwide mobility of the TACP, and at the crest's base is a rectangular banner embossed with the letters "TACP."[90] Latter, Air Liaison Officers (ALOs) were given authorization to wear the black beret and the TACP Beret Flash, no crest.[20][91][92] In 2019 the Air Force uniform instruction changed directing ALOs, now called TACP Officers, to wear the TACP Beret Flash and Crest with miniature polished metal rank insignia below the crest and just above the outer-border of the beret flash.[2][93][94] Similarly, Air Mobility Liaison Officers (AMLOs) also wore the black beret.[20] Although worn informally before then, in 2015 TIOH authorized a slight modification of the TACP Beret Flash for wear by AMLOs, incorporating an embroidered compass rose in the upper-left corner of the beret flash, and was worn in the same manner as Army beret flashes.[1][2][95][96] Despite this, the Air Force Uniform Board and uniform regulations do not address the wear of the AMLO Beret Flash by these liaisons.[2]

TACP Beret Flash without crest, worn by ALOs
An ALO with the 682 Direct Air Support Operations SQN wearing black beret with TACP Beret Flash and rank insignia, 2011[97]
TIOH manufacturing instructions for the AMLO Beret Flash
An AMLO with the 8th Air Support Operations SQN wearing black beret with AMLO Beret Flash and rank insignia, 2011[95]
An instructor with the 22nd Training SQN wearing pewter-green beret with SERE Specialist Beret Flash, 2008[98]

In 2004, the Air Force authorized the wear of the pewter-green beret to graduates of the US Air Force Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape (SERE) Specialist Technical School.[99] The beret flash worn on these berets is a polished metallic shield embossed with a bald eagle in front of a compass rose with barbed wire in the foreground, a scroll at the top embossed with "USAF SERE," and the SERE motto "Return With Honor" embossed at its base.[99] The SERE Specialist Beret Flash is worn centered over the left eye.[2]

In 2018, AFSOC authorized the wear of the brown beret for airman, NCOs, and officers assigned to a CAA unit, specifically the 6th and 711th Special Operations SQNs. The brown beret is worn with an Army style cloth beret flash consisting of a dark-blue field with olive-green diagonal stripes and border.[41][100] The CAA Beret Flash is worn centered over the left eye with AFSC specific metallic beret flashes or polished metal officer rank insignia attached while all other advisors wear the cloth CAA Beret Flash without accoutrements.[100]

Department of the Navy

In the 1960s, select Navy riverine patrol units operating in South Vietnam adopted the black beret to be part of their daily uniform and wore various accouterments on their berets.[101][102] In 1967, the Commander of the Riverine Patrol Force sent an official message to the Commander of River Patrol Flotilla Five authorizing the wear of the black beret.[102] In this message, the wear and appearance of the beret was also defined stating, "Beret will be worn with river patrol force insignia centered on right side." and "Only standard size river patrol force insignia will be worn on beret. ... No other emblem or rank insignia will be displayed on beret."[102][103] Today, these Navy small boat units honor their heritage by wearing the black beret during special occasions—such as induction ceremonies into the Gamewardens Association[104]—and will affix historically relevant riverine task force insignia for use as their beret flash.[105][106][107][108]

River Patrol Force, Task Force 116 Insignia
Chief of Naval Operations (L) and Commander, Riverine Patrol Force (R) wearing black berets with Task Force 116 Insignia over right temple, 1969[109]
A Navy NCO from Riverine Squadron 1 receives the historical black beret with Task Force 116 Insignia at a special ceremony making him an honorary "Gamewarden," 2011[106]

By the early 1970s, some of the US Marines remaining in South Vietnam were combat advisers supporting the Republic of Vietnam Marine Div, also known as the South Vietnamese Marine Corps (VNMC).[110] Those Marine advisers wore a derivative of the NVMC combat uniform.[110] Many of these Marine advisors wore VNMC green berets with a metallic version of the VNMC Beret Flash and wore it over their right temple with the excess cloth of the beret pulled over their left ear.[110][111]

VNMC Beret Flash (metallic version)
A Marine advisor with the VNMC wearing green beret with metallic VNMC Beret Flash, 1971[110]

Female service uniform beret devices

Starting in the 1970s, a special female beret was authorized for wear as alternate headgear for the Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps with various service uniforms.[10][112][113][114] The Navy was the last service to remove the female beret from their uniform regulations in 2015.[115] These black (Army and Navy), dark-blue (Air Force), and dark-green (Marine Corps) female berets were of similar design and worn on the crown of the head.[10][112][113][114][116] These service members wore their traditional cap devices on these female berets but unlike today's Army and Air Force beret flashes, these devices were worn center-forward on the beret with the exception being the Navy who wore their devices centered over the left eye.[10][112][113][114][116]

How the former female service uniform berets and cap devices were worn
An Army officer wearing black female beret on the crown of the head with Officer Cap Device, c.1975[117]
An airman wearing dark-blue female beret on the crown of the head with Enlisted Cap Device centered with her face, 1974[112]
A sailor wearing black female beret on the crown of the head with Enlisted Cap Device aligned over her left eye
A Marine wearing dark-green female beret with subdued Enlisted Eagle, Globe, and Anchor Emblem, c.1978[113]

Army commissioned officers wore a gold metal replica of the coat of arms of the United States on their female berets[10] while Air Force commissioned officers, commissioned warrant officers, and warrant officers wore a silver version of the same insignia.[118] Army commissioned warrant officers and warrant officers wore a gold metal spread–eagle enclosed within a wreath on their female berets.[119] Army and Air Force enlisted and NCOs wore a gold (Army) or silver (Air Force) metal replica of the coat of arms of the United States surrounded by a like-colored metal ring on their female berets.[10][112]

Navy commissioned officers and commissioned warrant officers wore a silver spread–eagle surmounting a silver escutcheon with gold fouled anchors on their female berets while warrant officers wore only the gold fouled anchors until commissioned.[120] Navy enlisted and NCOs wore a silver spread–eagle with the letters "USN" mounted above the wings on their female berets while more senior NCOs (E-7/OR-7 through E-9/OR-9) wore their polished metal collar rank insignia.[121][122]

Marines wore a subdued version of the Eagle, Globe, and Anchor Emblem centered on their female beret.[113] Commissioned officers, commissioned warrant officers and warrant officers wore a version of the emblem that had a more intricate design compared to what was worn by enlisted and NCOs.[113]

Cap devices used on the former female service uniform berets
Army cap devices
Air Force cap devices
Navy cap devices
Marine Corps emblems (subdued)

Beret flashes of the US military

Joint

Joint Air Force and Army

Obsolete joint Air Force and Army

Air Force

Obsolete security forces
For other obsolete beret flashes, see the Department of the Air Force history section above.

Army

Adjutant general and public affairs

Obsolete adjutant general and public affairs

Air defense and field artillery

Obsolete air defense and field artillery

Armor and cavalry

Obsolete armor and cavalry

Aviation

Obsolete aviation

Chemical and logistics

Obsolete chemical and logistics

Civil affairs and psychological operations

Obsolete civil affairs and psychological operations

Engineer

Obsolete engineer

Infantry

Obsolete infantry

Medical

Obsolete medical

Military intelligence

Obsolete military intelligence

Military police

Obsolete military police

Multidisciplinary units

Obsolete multidisciplinary units

Signal

Obsolete signal

Special forces

Obsolete special forces

Training

Obsolete training

Beret flashes of the US state defense forces

State defense forces—also known as state guard, state military reserve, or state militia—in many US states and territories wear modified versions of US Army uniforms.[45][127][128] To help separate these state guard members from other federal armed forces, such as the US National Guard, some will wear a unique organizational beret flash on their military beret.[45][129][130][131][132][133][134][135] The following is a list of some of these organizational beret flashes worn by various state military reserve units:

State specific

Obsolete state specific

See also

References

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Further reading

  • U.S. Army Patches, Flashes, and Ovals: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Cloth Unit Insignia, by Barry Jason Stein, published by Insignia Ventures, dated 2007, ISBN 9780979161308
  • Beret Insignia of the U.S. Army; by William A Hudspeath; published by Richard W Smith, Hendersonville; dated 1997; ASIN B06XD7DSY9
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