Upper Nepean Scheme

The Cataract Dam is a heritage-listed gravity dam with an unlined side spillway extending from the left abutment. It is 56 metres (183 ft) tall, 247 metres (811 ft) long and holds 97,190 ML (2.138×10¹⁰ imp gal; 2.567×10¹⁰ US gal) of water.[8]^(p268) Cataract Dam was the first dam built in the Upper Nepean Scheme, it was also first dam in Australia to use pre-cast moulded concrete blocks for the upstream face of the dam.[1] The core of the dam consists of large 2-to-4.5-long-ton (2.03 to 4.57 t; 2.24-to-5.04-short-ton) sandstone blocks, quarried onsite and cemented together. The downstream face is of mass poured basalt concrete, with a basalt facing. A readily accessible source of suitable rock was located some distance away at Sherbrooke, also known as Ferndale, situated near the top of Bulli Pass. To transport the basalt from the quarry to the dam construction site, a 2 ft (610 mm) gauge steam tramway, 8.8 km (5.5 mi) long, was constructed.[11] Dam construction began in 1902 and was completed in 1907, and the spillway was widened in 1915.[8]^(pp27–28) Ernest Macartney de Burgh was the supervising engineer for the project from 1904.[12] Poet Banjo Paterson wrote a satirical ballad "The Dam that Keele Built" about the politics behind the construction of Cataract Dam.[13]

The Cordeaux Dam is a heritage-listed arch dam across the Cordeaux River with an unlined side spillway on the left abutment. It is 58 metres (191 ft) high, 404 metres (1,327 ft) long and creates a reservoir which holds 93,640 ML (2.060×10¹⁰ imp gal; 2.474×10¹⁰ US gal). Construction began in 1918 and was completed in 1926[8]^(p268)[14] at a cost of A£945,000.[2] The wall consists of large sandstone blocks, quarried onsite and cemented together, faced with a combination of bluestone and sandstone concrete.[8]^(pp28–29) The dam featured a number of improvements in design and construction on the earlier-completed Cataract Dam. These included contraction joints between units of construction placed at intervals of 27 metres (90 ft); inspection galleries at upper and lower levels, together with piping for registering any ground water pressure.[2] The blue metal used in the construction of the dam was supplied from the Government Quarries at Kiama and brought by rail to Douglas Park. From here it was conveyed by aerial ropeway across the Nepean Gorge to an interchange on the eastern side where the material was transferred to a 2 ft (610 mm) gauge steam tramway to a point adjacent to the dam site.[15]

The Avon Dam is a heritage-listed arch dam across the Avon River; it is 72 metres (237 ft) tall, 223 metres (732 ft) long and its reservoir holds 146,700 ML (3.23×10¹⁰ imp gal; 3.88×10¹⁰ US gal). It has the largest capacity of all the dams in the Scheme. Construction of the heritage-listed dam wall began in 1921 and was completed in 1927[8]^(p268)[16] at a cost of A£1,047,000.[3] The dam construction and materials are the same as Cordeaux.[8]^(p29) All materials for construction were transported from Bargo railway station on a specially built road, all the other dams in the scheme used rail transport.[14] There were some light tramways constructed at the dam site, however it would appear that no locomotives were employed; skips and other items being moved by winch, horse or manpower.[17]

The Nepean Dam is a heritage-listed arch dam across the Nepean River; it is 82 metres (269 ft) tall and 216 metres (709 ft) long. Construction on the Dam began in 1926, construction was delayed for two years during the Depression, it was finally completed in 1935.[8]^(p268)[18] The capacity is listed variously as 67,730 to 81,400 ML (1.490×10¹⁰ to 1.791×10¹⁰ imp gal; 1.789×10¹⁰ to 2.150×10¹⁰ US gal).[18][8]^(p268) The Nepean Reservoir has a small storage capacity in relation to its large catchment area of 319 square kilometres (123 sq mi). While its capacity is much the same as that of Cataract and Cordeaux Reservoirs, its catchment basin is two and a half times as extensive as Cataract and three and a half times as extensive as Cordeaux. The Nepean Reservoir therefore fills more rapidly and, under normal conditions, is drawn upon more freely than the other reservoirs. The dam is located at an elevation of 325 metres (1,066 ft) above sea level and the construction cost was A£2,062,000.[4]

Railway sidings were established on the Main Southern railway line at a point between Bargo and Yerrinbool. Transport to the dam site was again by light railway, on this occasion of standard gauge. This avoided transhipment from the Government vehicles bringing materials from large commercial quarries, effectively making the line an extended privately owned siding. The line was 4 km (2.5 mi) long through gentle countryside. Trains were worked by a variety of locomotives, including a former Sydney Steam Tram Motor. Additionally, there was a system of narrow (610 mm / 2 ft) gauge lines in use at the dam construction site.[19]

Additional work was carried out on the spillway between 1943 and 1947 to prevent scouring of the dam foundations.[8]^(p31)

This Wikipedia article was originally based on the "New South Wales State Heritage Register" published by the Government of New South Wales under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 13 April 2012); and based on the "New South Wales State Heritage Register" published by the Government of New South Wales under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 29 September 2017); and based on the "New South Wales State Heritage Register" published by the Government of New South Wales under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 29 September 2017); and based on the "New South Wales State Heritage Register" published by the Government of New South Wales under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 29 September 2017).