World Chess Championship 1990

The World Chess Championship 1990 was played between Garry Kasparov and Anatoly Karpov. It was the fifth and final Kasparov–Karpov championship match, Kasparov winning by a single point.

Defending champion Challenger
Garry Kasparov
Anatoly Karpov
Garry Kasparov Anatoly Karpov
12½ 11½
Born 13 April 1963
27 years old
Born 23 May 1951
39 years old
Winner of the 1987 World Chess Championship Winner of the Candidates Tournament
Rating: 2800 (World No. 1) Rating: 2730 (World No. 2)
1987 1993

1987 Interzonal tournaments

Three Interzonals were held in the summer of 1987, with 16 to 18 players playing in each and the top three scorers from each qualifying.

June–July 1987 Interzonal, Subotica
Rating12345678910111213141516TotalTie break
1 Gyula Sax (Hungary)2570-1½½½11½½01½1½1110½74.25
2 Nigel Short (England)26150-½½11½1½1½1½1½110½73.00
3 Jon Speelman (England)2550½½-01½½½1½11½11110½70.75
4 Mikhail Tal (Soviet Union)2605½½1-½½1½½½11½1011072.50
5 Zoltán Ribli (Hungary)2580½00½-½½½1½1111111063.25
6 Amador Rodríguez Céspedes (Cuba)249500½½½-½½½101½111
7 Slavoljub Marjanović (Yugoslavia)25050½½0½½-½0½11½½118
8 Vasily Smyslov (Soviet Union)2550½0½½½½½-½0011½1½52.00
9 Alexander Chernin (Soviet Union)2570½½0½0½1½-100101151.00
10 Petar Popović (Yugoslavia)254010½½½0½10-100½½17
11 Alonso Zapata (Colombia)25050½00010110-½01½1
12 Thomas Ernst (Sweden)2465½000000011½-11106
13 Lev Alburt (United States)25750½½½0½½00110-½0½
14 Xu Jun (China)2495½00000½½1½00½-1½5
15 Devaki Prasad (India)24250½0100000½½010-½4
16 Ahmed Ibrahim Hamed (Egypt)23100000000½0001½½½-3

In the first tournament in Subotica, Sax, Short, and Speelman qualified. Lubomir Kavalek withdrew after six rounds; his results are not included in the totals for the other players. Robert Hübner was invited, but declined to participate. As a result, Ribli had a free day during the last round. To show his displeasure, he refused to take part in a playoff against Tal, which could have been important, if a reserve spot had opened up in the Candidates Tournament.

July–August 1987 Interzonal, Szirak
Rating123456789101112131415161718TotalTie break
1 Valery Salov (Soviet Union)2575-½½½11½1½0½11½111112½97.25
2 Jóhann Hjartarson (Iceland)2550½-½½½½11½11½01111112½96.50
3 Lajos Portisch (Hungary)2615½½-½1½01111111½½½½1298.50
4 John Nunn (England)2585½½½-½01½1111½101111292.50
5 Alexander Beliavsky (Soviet Union)26300½0½-½½½½1½1½1111111
6 Ulf Andersson (Sweden)26000½½1½-½1½½½½11½½½110½
7 Ljubomir Ljubojević (Yugoslavia)2625½010½½-½½½1½½11½½110
8 Larry Christiansen (United States)2575000½½0½-½1½1101½119
9 Joel Benjamin (United States)2575½½00½½½½-0½½10½11161.75
10 Miodrag Todorcevic (Yugoslavia)247510000½½01-10½0111159.75
11 Mihail Marin (Romania)2475½000½½0½½0-1½½1½½152.75
12 Dragoljub Velimirović (Yugoslavia)25200½000½½0½10-1½101151.75
13 András Adorján (Hungary)2540010½½0½00½½0-1½½1½755.00
14 Gilberto Milos (Brazil)2495½000000111½½0-½101749.75
15 Glenn Flear (England)248000½10½00½000½½-½116
16 Jesús de la Villa (Spain)248500½00½½½00½1½0½-01
17 Slim Bouaziz (Tunisia)237000½00½½000½00101-½
18 Denis Allan (Canada)231000½000000000½000½-

In the Szirák tournament, Valery Salov and Jóhann Hjartarson finished at the top of the table, while Lajos Portisch and John Nunn tied for third. The last place in the Candidates Tournament was decided in a separate playoff in Budapest, with Portisch defeating Nunn 4–2.

August 1987 Interzonal, Zagreb
Rating1234567891011121314151617TotalTie break
1 Viktor Korchnoi (Switzerland)2630-½10½½011111½½1½111
2 Jaan Ehlvest (Soviet Union)2540½-½½110½10½1111½01080.75
3 Yasser Seirawan (United States)26000½-1½½100111½01111073.50
4 Jesus Nogueiras (Cuba)25551½0-1½½½½½½0½½11171.00
5 Predrag Nikolić (Yugoslavia)2620½0½0-½0½1½1½11½1167.50
6 Julio Granda (Peru)2525½0½½½-½½½½½01111167.50
7 Eugenio Torre (Philippines)2540110½1½-½01½½001½19
8 Lev Polugaevsky (Soviet Union)25950½1½½½½-½½1½½½0½165.25
9 Vereslav Eingorn (Soviet Union)2575001½0½1½-½011½01161.25
10 Yehuda Gruenfeld (Israel)2545010½½½0½½-01½½11159.50
11 József Pintér (Hungary)25750½0½0½½011-10½11159.25
12 Krunoslav Hulak (Yugoslavia)24950001½1½½000-½1½11
13 Ventzislav Inkiov (Bulgaria)2485½0½½001½0½1½-½½½½7
14 Tony Miles (England)2585½01½001½½½½0½-001
15 Dragan Barlov (Yugoslavia)25550000½001100½½1-½16
16 Jörg Hickl (West Germany)2455½½0000½½0000½1½-15
17 Fletcher Baragar (Canada)2320010000000000½000-

Viktor Korchnoi emerged as winner of the last tournament in Zagreb, ahead of Jaan Ehlvest and Yasser Seirawan. In an extra playoff in Havana in November, Nikolić took the place as reserve for the Candidates Tournament with 6 points, ahead of Granda (4) and Nogueiras (2). No reserve was needed, however.

1988–90 Candidates Tournament

In addition to nine players from the Interzonals, the top four of the previous Candidates Tournament (Sokolov, Timman, Vaganian, and Yusupov) qualified directly for this tournament. The Canadian organizers of the preliminary matches (which were held in Saint John, New Brunswick) nominated one player, (Spraggett). Finally, Karpov, the challenger in the previous cycle, was seeded into the quarterfinals.

  Preliminary matches
Saint John, Jan–Feb 1988
Quarterfinals
Antwerp, London, Quebec, and Seattle, Aug 1988 – Feb 1989
Semifinals
London, Oct 1989
Final
Kuala Lumpur, Mar 1990
                                     
Lajos Portisch  
Rafael Vaganian  
    Lajos Portisch  
      Jan Timman  
Valery Salov
Jan Timman  
    Jan Timman  
    Jon Speelman  
Jon Speelman 4  
Yasser Seirawan 1  
    Jon Speelman
      Nigel Short  
Nigel Short
Gyula Sax  
    Jan Timman
    Anatoly Karpov
Artur Yusupov  
Jaan Ehlvest  
    Artur Yusupov 5
      Kevin Spraggett 4  
Kevin Spraggett
Andrei Sokolov  
    Artur Yusupov
    Anatoly Karpov  
Jóhann Hjartarson  
Viktor Korchnoi  
    Jóhann Hjartarson
    Anatoly Karpov  
 

Karpov won, once again facing Kasparov for the fifth and final time in seven years. Karpov later alleged that a Dutch sponsor had offered to pay him to lose the match against Timman.[1]

1990 Championship match

The first twelve games were played in New York City (8 October – 7 November), the other twelve taking place in Lyon, France (26 November – 30 December[2]).

World Chess Championship Match 1990
Rating123456789101112131415161718192021222324Total
 Anatoly Karpov (Soviet Union)2730 ½0½½½½1½½½½½½½½010½0½½1½11½
 Garry Kasparov (Russia)[lower-alpha 1]2800 ½1½½½½0½½½ ½½½½½101½1½½0½12½

Kasparov won and retained his title.

Flag controversy

Although still a Soviet citizen, Kasparov refused to play under the flag of the Soviet Union. Instead, he wanted to use the Russian flag; not the flag of the RSFSR, but the old tri-color—which, incidentally, would be re-adopted after the collapse of the Soviet Union a year later. Kasparov was indeed allowed to play with a small Russian tri-color at the table.[3]

Notes

  1. Although formally representing the Soviet Union, Kasparov used the Russian historical tricolour flag, used by the anti-Soviet opposition at the time of the USSR's collapse.

References

  1. http://news.sport-express.ru/2015-01-22/777327/
  2. "Kasparov vs Karpov, 1990". Chessgames. Retrieved 2008-06-14.
  3. Kasparov 2010: 83–84.

Further reading

Kasparov, Garry 2010. Garry Kasparov on Modern Chess, Part 4: Kasparov v Karpov 1988-2009. London: Everyman Chess.

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