Yaogan

Yaogan (simplified Chinese: 遥感卫星; traditional Chinese: 遙感衞星; pinyin: Yáogǎn wèixīng; lit. 'Remote Sensing Satellite') is a series of Chinese reconnaissance satellites launched in the early 21st century.

Chinese media describe the satellites as intended for "scientific experiments, land survey, crop yield assessment, and disaster monitoring". Western analysts suspect that they are also used for military purposes.[1] Analysts believe that each satellite employs either optical or synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors and that the SAR satellites are of the Jian Bing-5 series.[2]

The SAR satellite was developed by the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology (SAST). The electro-optical digital imaging satellite was developed by the China Academy of Space Technology (CAST). It is carried into space atop a Chang Zheng (Long March) launch vehicle.[3]

Yaogan satellites have been launched from both the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center in China's northern Shanxi province and the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in China's northwestern Gansu province.[4]

Launches

Yaogan 1 is believed to have broken up around 4 February 2010 almost four years after it was launched. Because of the small number of pieces and low orbital speeds, it was likely due to an internal explosion, not a high-speed collision.[5]

Satellite Name Military
designation		 Launch
date		 Believed
type		 Approximate orbit NORAD
ID		 COSPAR
designator		 Contractor Launch site Launcher
Yaogan 1 JB-5-1 27 April 2006 SAR 635–637 km
97.9°		 29092 2006-015A SAST Taiyuan Long March 4B
Yaogan 2 JB-6-1 25 May 2007 Optical 639–663 km
97.9°		 31490 2007-019A CAST Jiuquan Long March 2D
Yaogan 3 JB-5-2 12 November 2007 SAR 635–637 km
97.8°		 32289 2007-055A SAST Taiyuan Long March 4C
Yaogan 4 JB-6-2 1 December 2008 Optical 642–660 km
97.9°		 33446 2008-061A CAST Jiuquan Long March 2D
Yaogan 5 JB-10-1 15 December 2008 Optical 494–501 km
97.3°		 33456 2008-064A CAST Taiyuan Long March 4B
Yaogan 6 JB-7-1 22 April 2009 SAR 518–519 km
97.6°		 34839 2009-021A SAST Taiyuan Long March 2C
Yaogan 7 JB-6-3 9 December 2009 Optical 630–666 km
97.8°		 36110 2009-069A CAST Jiuquan Long March 2D
Yaogan 8 JB-9-1 15 December 2009 Optical 1200–1212 km
100.5°		 36121 2009-072A SAST Taiyuan Long March 4C
Yaogan 9A, 9B, 9C JB-8-1 5 March 2010 Probable Sigint 1089–1107 km
63.4°
(orbit of Yaogan 9C)		 36413
36414
36415
CAST Jiuquan Long March 4C
Yaogan 10 JB-5-3 10 August 2010 SAR 629–627 km
97.8°		 36834 2010-038A SAST Taiyuan Long March 4C
Yaogan 11 JB-6-4 22 September 2010 Optical 670–625 km
98.0°		 37165 2010-047A CAST Jiuquan Long March 2D
Yaogan 12 JB-10-2 9 November 2011 Optical 479–495 km
97.3°		 37875 2011-066B CAST Taiyuan Long March 4B
Yaogan 13 JB-7-2 30 November 2011 SAR 502–504 km
97.4°		 37941 2011-072A SAST Taiyuan Long March 2C
Yaogan 14 JB-11-1 10 May 2012 Optical 471–474 km
97.3°		 38257 2012-021A CAST Taiyuan Long March 4B
Yaogan 15 JB-9-2 29 May 2012 Optical 1198–1204 km
100.2°		 38354 2012-029A SAST Taiyuan Long March 4C
Yaogan 16A, 16B, 16C JB-8-2 25 November 2012 Probable Sigint 1085–1096 km
63.4°		 39011
39012
39013
CAST Jiuquan Long March 4C
Yaogan 17A, 17B, 17C JB-8-3 1 September 2013 Probable Sigint 1060–1119 km
63.4°		 39239
39240
39241
SAST Jiuquan Long March 4C
Yaogan 18 JB-7-3 29 October 2013 SAR 509 km
97.5°		 39363 2013-059A SAST Taiyuan Long March 2C
Yaogan 19 JB-9-3 20 November 2013 Optical 1119–1204 km
100.4°		 39410 2013-065A SAST Taiyuan Long March 4C
Yaogan 20A, 20B, 20C JB-8-4 9 August 2014 Probable Sigint 1086–1092 km
63.4°		 40109
40110
40111
CAST Jiuquan Long March 4C
Yaogan 21 JB-10-3 8 September 2014 Optical 481–492 km
97.4°		 40143 2014-053A CAST Taiyuan Long March 4B
Yaogan 22 JB-9-4 20 October 2014 Optical 1198–1207 km
100.3°		 40275 2014-063A SAST Taiyuan Long March 4C
Yaogan 23 JB-7-4 14 November 2014 SAR 510–514 km
97.3°		 40305 014-071A SAST Taiyuan Long March 2C
Yaogan 24 JB 6-5 20 November 2014 Optical 629–654 km
97.9°		 40310 2014-072A CAST Jiuquan Long March 2D
Yaogan 25A, 25B, 25C JB-8-5 10 December 2014 Probable Sigint 1091–1098 km
63.4°s		 40338
40339
40340
CAST Jiuquan Long March 4C
Yaogan 26 JB-12-1 27 December 2014 Optical 482–488 km
97.4°		 40362 2014-088A CAST Taiyuan Long March 4B
Yaogan 27 JB-9-5 27 August 2015 Optical 1201–1214 km
100.4°		 40878 2015-040A SAST Taiyuan Long March 4C
Yaogan 28 JB-11-2 8 November 2015 Optical 476–490 km
97.3°		 41026 2015-064A CAST Taiyuan Long March 4B
Yaogan 29 JB-x-1 26 November 2015 SAR 635–636 km
97.9°		 41038 2015-069A SAST Taiyuan Long March 4C
Yaogan 30 JB-6-6 15 May 2016 Optical 634–664 km
98.0°		 41473 2016-029A CAST Jiuquan Long March 2D
Yaogan 30ｰ01 A, B, C CX-5 29 September 2017 Probable Sigint 602–611 km
35.0°		 42945
42946
42947
CAST Jiuquan Long March 2C
Yaogan 30ｰ02 A, B, C CX-5 24 November 2017 Probable Sigint 603–610 km
35,0°		 43028
43029
43030
CAST Jiuquan Long March 2D
Yaogan 30ｰ03 A, B, C CX-5 25 December 2017 Probable Sigint 602–610 km
35.0°		 43081
43082
43083
CAST Xichang Long March 2C
Yaogan 30ｰ04 A, B, C CX-5 25 January 2018 Probable Sigint 602–610 km
35.0°		 43170
43171
43172
CAST Xichang Long March 2C
Yaogan 31-01 A, B, C JB-8-6 10 April 2018 Probable Sigint 1085–1110 km
63.4°		 43275
43276
43277
CAST Jiuquan Long March 4C
Yaogan 32A, 32B 9 October 2018 Probable Optical 701–703 km
98.2°		 43642
43643
Jiuquan Long March 2C/YZ-1S
Yaogan 33 JB-x-2 23 May 2019 (Launch Failure) Taiyuan Long March 4C
Yaogan 30ｰ05 A, B, C CX-5 25 July 2019 Probable Sigint 602–609 km
35.0°		 44449
44450
44451
CAST Xichang Long March 2C
Yaogan 30ｰ06 A, B, C CX-5 24 March 2020 Probable Sigint 602–609 km
35.0°		 45460
45461
45462
CAST Xichang Long March 2C
Yaogan 30ｰ07 A, B, C [6] CX-5 26 October 2020 Probable Sigint 595-612 km
35.0°		 45807
45808
45809
CAST Xichang Long March 2C
Yaogan 33R JB-x-3 27 December 2020 Probable Sigint 683-686 km
98.3°		 47302 2020-103A CAST Jiuquan Long March 4C
Yaogan 31-02 A, B, C JB-8-6 02 29 January 2021 Probable Sigint 1090-1098 km
63.4°		 47532
47533
47534
CAST Jiuquan Long March 4C
Table data sourced from previously cited references, "CalSky". calsky.com. CalSky. Retrieved 9 November 2016. and "Real Time Satellite Tracking". n2yo.com. N2YO. Retrieved 9 November 2016."Yaogan 30-01, ..., 30-07 (CX 5)". Gunter's Space Page. 30 May 2020. Retrieved 14 October 2020.

See also

References
  1. Barbosa, Rui C. (22 April 2009). "Chinese launch again with YaoGan Weixing-6 remote sensing satellite". nasaspaceflight.com. NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 23 April 2009.
  2. "YaoGan Weixing / Remote Sensing Satellites". sinodefence.com. SinoDefence. 20 February 2009. Retrieved 24 April 2009.
  3. "China launches "Yaogan VI" remote-sensing satellite". Xinhuanet. 22 April 2009. Retrieved 24 April 2009.
  4. "China Launches Yaogan-4 Satellite". Asian Surveying and Mapping magazine. 2 December 2008. Retrieved 24 April 2009.
  5. "Yaogan 1 Erupts". Arms Control Wonk. 11 February 2010. Retrieved 11 February 2010.
  6. "China launches three military spy satellites". Spaceflight Now. 26 October 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
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